Since the Han Dynasty completely defeated the Huns, the Southern Huns attached themselves to the Han Dynasty and were divided into five tribes by Cao Cao of the Three Kingdoms. The Han people were supervised by Sima. Since then, the Huns have become quieter and more stable. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, a large number of nomadic peoples moved into the Yellow River Basin, mainly including five ethnic groups: Xiongnu, Jie, Di, Qiang and Xianbei, known as the "Five Hus" in history. The number of these nomadic people who migrated inland is large, and the number in Guanzhong and Liangzhou is almost the same as that of the local Han people. The Wuhu themselves are fierce and barbaric, and the ethnic policies of the Western Jin government are very bad. They discriminate and exploit them, which arouses The dissatisfaction and hatred of these nomadic peoples sowed the seeds of unrest.
As for the hidden dangers of large-scale immigration of nomadic people, it was not that no one stood up to stop it. Guo Qin, the minister of the Western Jin Dynasty, proposed to move all the nomadic people back. It is said that they are still scattered everywhere and live together with the Han people. It is very difficult to move them back. Since Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty unified the world, his rule has become increasingly corrupt. Corruption in the government, corruption and bribery are prevalent. Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty has made many kings in order to protect the imperial power. The kings have divided their armies and are not convinced by each other. In the end, the ugly concubine Jia Empress disrupts the government. , triggered the Eight Kings Rebellion, and the 16-year civil war severely damaged the vitality of the Western Jin Dynasty.
The power of the Western Jin Dynasty was seriously damaged due to civil strife. Seeing that the Western Jin Dynasty was about to collapse, Liu Yuan, the Xiongnu Zuoxian King, took the opportunity to rebel against the Jin and become independent in 304 AD. He established the Han Kingdom as a grandson of the Han Dynasty and called himself the King of Han. It turns out that this Liu Yuan was the descendant of a clan princess who was married to Maodun Chanyu during the Liu Bang period of the Han Dynasty. He was the grandson of Yufuluo, the Chanyu of the Southern Huns, and the son of Liu Bao, the Xian King of Zuo. Therefore, he considered himself a nephew of the Han Dynasty.
The external banner was not to restore the Xiongnu Empire, but to revive the Han Dynasty, in order to dispel the resistance of the Han people. From this point of view, Liu Yuan was very smart. Facts have proved this. The regime established by the Huns developed very smoothly. There were also many anti-Jin Han people in the team. The Han and Zhao armies soon occupied most of northern China. area. In 308 AD, Liu Yuan proclaimed himself emperor, sent troops to attack Luoyang twice but failed, and died of serious illness.
After Liu Yuan's death, his fourth son Liu Cong succeeded to the throne. Liu Cong's ability is not inferior to his father at all, or even better. Not only is he familiar with "Sun Wu's Art of War", but his calligraphy is also good; in terms of force, he can pull a three hundred kilogram bow, which shows that he is very strong. The Xiongnu aristocrats after Sinicization should not be underestimated. They not only maintained the bravery of the nomadic people, but were also adept at absorbing the nutrients of Han national culture, which is scary.
Not long after Liu Cong took the throne, he sent Liu Yao and Wang Mi to attack Luoyang again. The city of Luoyang had not recovered from the previous two wars and was besieged by the Xiongnu army again. I am anxiously looking forward to the rescue of King Qin. At this time, King Qin's army either sent out token troops and waited, or waited and watched, or fled halfway and were made dumplings by the Huns, as if Emperor Huai of Jin Sima Chi was no longer in the city. Unfortunately, the soldiers and civilians of Luoyang had to fight alone and were unable to defeat the city. Luoyang fell. Emperor Huai of Jin fled to Chang'an but was captured alive. After the city was captured, Liu Yao vented his anger and killed people and set fires everywhere. He dug up the emperor's tombs in search of treasures, resulting in the death of 30,000 people in Luoyang City. , the prosperous city of Luoyang was in ruins.
After Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi, was captured, Liu Cong named him a high official in the Han and Zhao regimes. For this subjugated king, Liu Cong had no kingly spirit and looked for opportunities to humiliate Emperor Huai of Jin. At a banquet, Liu Cong asked Emperor Huai of Jin to wear slave clothes and pour wine for the people at the banquet. He called Emperor Huai of the Jin Dynasty, and others rushed to tease Emperor Huai, "Isn't this the emperor of the Jin Dynasty?" Why are you here to do this?, someone said: "It seems he is quite suitable for this job?" These people said something to each other, laughing constantly.
At this time, Emperor Huai of Jin no longer had the dignity of an emperor. He dared not express his anger and could only weep silently. The ministers of the Jin Dynasty who were captured together could not help crying after seeing it. They did not Thinking of causing a big disaster. Seeing that Emperor Huai and the elders of the Jin Dynasty sympathized with him, Liu Cong simply eliminated the roots and poisoned Emperor Huai of the Jin Dynasty, Sima Chi. Sima Chi was 30 years old at the time.
After the death of Emperor Huai of Jin, the regime of the Western Jin Dynasty did not disappear. When Emperor Huai of Jin was captured, his nephew Sima Ye fled to Chang'an and was made the prince by the ministers. After hearing the news of the death of Emperor Huai of Jin Dynasty, Sima Ye ascended the throne as emperor. This was Emperor Jin Min, the last emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty. He was only 13 years old at this time.
In the second year of Jianyuan (316), Liu Cong ordered Liu Yao to capture the north and advance to Chang'an. At this time, the situation in Chang'an was not much better than that of Luoyang. Basically, it faced a very similar situation. The Jin Dynasty did not lack troops, but it lacked men who dared to fight, and it lacked unity and assistance.
Just like the situation in Luoyang back then, many reinforcements were afraid to move forward. They were frightened by the Huns army.
Not all the Jin army was invincible. Nanyang King Sima Bao sent general Hu Song to rescue Chang'an. It took more than a year to reach Chang'an and defeated Liu Yao in one battle. Now, the city of Chang'an seemed to be saved. Qu Yun, the governor of Jin Dynasty, was happy and collected 500 kilograms of gold to reward Hu Song, hoping that he could continue to win glory for the country. Unexpectedly, Hu Song withdrew his army far away. Advance but retreat. It turned out that after his commander Sima Bao, King of Nanyang, was unwilling to repel Liu Yao's army, Qu Yun and Suo Wei took the opportunity to become stronger. Who are these people? The country is about to die, and it is still pursuing its own small calculations.
In addition to Hu Song's army, King Qin's division also included Jiao Song, the prefect of Anding. This man was originally recommended by Qu Yun, and he was supposed to be kind to him. But this time, he shamelessly said that he would wait until Qu Yun breathed his last before rescuing him. Is it really weird for someone to repay a favor like this? Fortunately, he came, but he stayed near Chang'an. In addition to him, he also had the troops of Zhu Hui, the prefect of Xinping, and the troops of the four counties of Jingzhao, Feng Yi, Hongnong, and Shangluo, led by Chang Shi Hua Ji, also came. , but what's the use? They came to see the lights, and they were afraid of Liu Yao and didn't dare to rescue Chang'an.
Liu Yao was only a few dozen miles away from Chang'an, and there were no reliable reinforcements along the way. Qu Yun and Suo Wei tried their best to win over the governors of nearby counties and let them protect the emperor. Even the self-protective little bosses in the mountain villages were made generals and expected to protect Emperor Jin Min to the death.
Liu Yao saw that King Qin’s division had a lot of troops, and that he was beaten by Hu Song’s army. He was still preparing for a bloody battle, but he saw that the reinforcements from the Jin Dynasty were watching from the sidelines. How could he attack Chang'an? Okay, then you grandsons just open your eyes and watch how I take Chang'an. He let go of the attack, and the outer city was quickly broken. Qu Yun and Suo Wei had no choice but to protect Emperor Min of Jin from entering the inner city.
The inner city soon ran out of food, and gold could not buy food. The tragedy of cannibalism occurred again. Soldiers and people fled one after another, and the inner city could no longer hold on. . Not to mention that even the bark and roots of the bark and grass were all eaten up. Emperor Min of Jin survived for several days by eating distiller's yeast soaked in water. He was so hungry that he had no strength anymore. His desire to survive prompted him to make the decision to surrender, and resented Qu Yun and Suo Wei. Make him this damn short-lived emperor.
Emperor Min sent his servant Zhongchang to deliver a letter of surrender to Liu Yao, but Suo Wei stopped him and sent his son to tell Liu Yao that there would be no problem with the food supply in the city for a year, but Chang'an would be unable to be conquered for a while. If Suo Wei can be made a general of chariots and cavalry, and can feed the princes of more than 10,000 households, he will definitely give Chang'an to the king. Unfortunately, Suo Wei's little cleverness could not be concealed from the clever Liu Cong, who immediately beheaded Suo Wei's son and sent him back to Chang'an.
On the tenth day of November in the year 316, Emperor Min of the Jin Dynasty sent another form of surrender. The next day, Emperor Min of the Jin Dynasty rode in a sheep cart, naked to the waist, and walked out of the east gate of Chang'an with his hands tied behind his back to surrender. Since then, the Western Jin Dynasty has been destroyed, with four emperors and a succession of fifty-one years.
Emperor Min of Jin and his men were escorted to Pingyang, where Han and Zhao were located. Seeing Emperor Min kneel and kowtow, Qu Yun on the other side was so ashamed that he could no longer control himself and cried bitterly. No one could stop him. Liu Cong became angry and threw Qu Yun into prison. Unexpectedly, Qu Yun was very courageous and committed suicide immediately. Liu Cong was shocked. He believed that this man was loyal and worthy of commendation, and posthumously awarded him the title of General of Chariots and Cavalry.
As for Suo Wei who deceived him, Liu Cong thought that he was a shameful and unfaithful person, so he beheaded Suo Wei in public without hesitation. Suo Wei was so clever that he harmed himself.
After Jin Min Emperor Sima Ye surrendered, Liu Cong worshiped him as Guanglu Doctor and granted him the title of Marquis of Huai'an. The fate of Emperor Min of Jin was even more miserable than that of his uncle, Emperor Huai of Jin. Liu Cong also used various tricks to tease and insult him. He was also asked to wear slave clothes and pour wine for the people at the banquet, and he kept yelling and scolding, so that the old officials of the Jin Dynasty who were present dared not speak out. Liu Cong became even more outrageous. When he went to the toilet, he asked Sima Ye, the emperor of Jin Dynasty, to hold the toilet seat for him. Sima Ye, who was living under the fence, could only grit his teeth and endure it. Xinbin, the former minister, saw this situation and could no longer contain his grief. After crying loudly, Liu Cong immediately had someone drag him out and kill him.
This is not over yet. Liu Cong ordered Sima Ye to serve as a chariot general while hunting. He wore heavy armor, held a halberd, and stood on the chariot as a leader. When I heard that the emperor of the Jin Dynasty came out, the people in Pingyang came out one after another to see what the previous emperor was like. The older Han people shed tears one after another, sighing that the emperor of the Han people was finished and that our country had perished.
Fortunately, Liu Cong had read the books of saints and sages, and had not learned the royal way. He had learned a lot of bad things. He was immersed in the perverted abuse of Emperor Min of Jin, but he was afraid that doing so would arouse the Han people. His resistance threatened his rule, so he ordered the death of Sima Ye, Emperor Min of Jin Dynasty. Jin Min Emperor Sima Ye only reigned for four years, and he spent all of it in fear. A 14-year-old child should not have to endure this, but he was born into an emperor's family and had no choice but to do so, and he was only 18 years old when he died.
After Emperor Min of the Jin Dynasty was captured, Sima Rui, who was the prime minister and in charge of the military, sent out a message to all directions to recruit soldiers and horses from all over the world, vowing to go to the north to conquer Liu Cong and rescue Emperor Min. In an emergency, he was bald and said that there was no military rations. Once in place, the army had no choice but to stand still. In March 317, Sima Rui, who was in Jiankang, was promoted as the king of Jin. After Emperor Min was killed, Sima Rui ascended the throne and was known as Emperor Yuan of Jin in history. Sima Rui made Jiankang the capital, and the 103-year history of the Eastern Jin Dynasty began.