Zhuge Liang (18 1-234) was born in Yang Du, Langya County (now yinan county). three kingdoms period
Minister of Shu, a famous politician, strategist and diplomat.
Zhuge Liang became the embodiment of folk wisdom because of his wisdom and the rendering and promotion of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and he is now "wise after the event".
"Zhuge Liang said, meaning wise after the event. Zhuge Liang also invented the Kongming Lantern and the handcart.
Life and achievements
Zhuge Liang 18 1 was born in Yang Du, Langya County in 2000. Nine-year-old mother Zhang passed away. 12 years old father Zhuge Gui died. Raised by my uncle Zhuge Xuan. 197
After the death of his uncle, Zhuge Liang and his younger brother Zhuge Jun moved to Longzhong, Nanyang County (now Xiangfan West, Hubei Province). Although he made great efforts on Long Mu, he was still ambitious and compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. Later, with Xu Shu,
Cui, Meng, et al. He made friends with famous people at that time, such as Pang Degong, and married Huang Zhi, a famous woman.
In 207 AD, Liu Bei visited the cottage three times. Zhuge Liang told Liu Bei and Chen that the famous "Longzhong Dui" was a three-thirds plan and immediately went out to help Liu Bei. Later, Luo Guanzhong put this fact.
Through artistic description, it became a model of feudal society. After Zhuge Liang entered Liu Bei's camp, he was sent to take charge of uniting Wu against Cao, and finally successfully promoted Sun Liu.
The alliance was formed. Battle of Red Cliffs, Sun Quan and Liu Bei joined forces to defeat Cao Cao, thus laying a tripartite confrontation pattern among the three countries. After Battle of Red Cliffs, he helped Liu Bei pacify Jingnan. Liu Hou
Prepare to enter Sichuan, Zhuge Liang is in Jingzhou. But Pang Tong's death made Liu Bei transfer Zhuge Liang to Sichuan and put Guan Yu in charge of Jingzhou's defense.
During his stay in Sichuan, Zhuge Liang mainly relied on the old clan brought from Jingzhou, and at the same time paid attention to netting the former Liu Zhang subordinates and Yizhou strongmen. The same is true for the poor and talented scholars.
Vigorously promote and praise the tools to do their best for people. He has strict laws and regulations, and rewards and punishments must be believed. In 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and established Shu Han, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as prime minister and clerk.
Things. In 223 (the third year of Zhangwu), Liu Bei was seriously ill, and Zhuge Liang was the only one left. After Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, he took the Prime Minister as assistant minister and led Yizhou to shepherd Wuxiang Hou. When Zhuge Liang became
Politics is controversial. Some people think that Liu Bei has always attached great importance to Zhuge Liang and entrusted him with a heavy responsibility. Others think that Zhuge Liang didn't have the real power to promote his master until Liu Bei died.
Zhang.
After Zhuge Liang came to power, he first rebuilt the Sun-Liu alliance, and in 225, the Han minority in southern Sichuan rebelled under the leadership of Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang led the army,
Deeply impoverished, Ma Su suggested joining the army, mainly attacking the leaders, trying to win the support of local elites and people, some of whom were used as local governors. one
After 100 years, the rule of these areas stabilized, providing material resources and troops for the later Northern Expedition.
In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (228), Zhuge Liang led a great army out of Hanzhong and began the first Northern Expedition. Ma Su, who joined the army, was highly regarded, and Ma Su was the pioneer of the Northern Expedition. He broke the rules and was appointed by General Wei.
Defeated, Ming died of tears, and the employer neglected to ask for demotion. In the 12th year of Jianxing (234), 54-year-old Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan and was buried in the army during the fifth northern expedition to Wei.
hill
work
In the Western Jin Dynasty, Chen Shou wrote 24 pieces of Zhuge Liang's Collection, with more than104,000 words.
Wang Ming Shi Qi wrote The Complete Works of Wu Hou.
Zhang Shu in Qing Dynasty wrote the Collection of Zhuge Zhong's Wuhou.
Textual research on Longzhong Dui (/ys7.htm). )
The Book of Ten Commandments (http://wikisource.org/wiki/'s's Book of Ten Commandments)
The Book of Commandments and Nephews (http://wikisource.org/wiki/'s's Book of Commandments and Nephews).
Jiang Yuan (also known as Shu Xin, most scholars think that it was not written by Zhuge Liang, but later generations wrote it in the name of Zhuge Liang)
Former Horse Course (http://wikisource.org/wiki/'s Former Horse Course) (by no means Zhuge Liang's work)
Sixteen cheap insurance policies
Posterity evaluation
Chen Shou in Reflection? After Zhuge Liang's biography, he called him "strict science and education, reward and punishment must be believed, no evil is not punished, no good is not shown, as for officials, rape is not allowed, people are complacent, and the road is not picked up."
Inheritance, strong does not invade the weak, and the wind is awesome. "
Shangqi said in the Preface to the Inscription of Wuhou Temple in Zhuge: "If you make the official books and temples eat, you will not publish the scriptures. Every time there is a popular grass movement in Yamanouchi, it looks like a powerful god. If there is a drought this year, people all over the country will pray for it.
Can be a cloud for rain, survival and no one are well-being, life and death are ancient and modern. Death and immortality are more expensive than life. "["Don Cui Wen "]
Lu Wen's "Zhuge Wuhou Temple" said that Zhuge Liang "has not received great glory, and heaven has taken its soul. Sincerely unforgettable, the ice is in the sun and the moon, and the ferocity does not come away. It is a thunderstorm. " [Don]
Du Fu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a seven-character poem "Shu Xiang" to express his admiration. He said:
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister, in a deep pine forest near the Silk City,
The green grass in spring has dyed the steps red, and the birds are chirping happily under the leaves?
The third call asked him to handle state affairs, and he gave his heart to two generations.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
In A Brief History of China's Novels, Mr. Lu Xun criticized Zhuge Liang in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms: clever but almost evil.
Zhuge Liang (181-234) was born in Wolong, Langxie Yang Du (now Yinan, Shandong). He is a descendant of Zhuge Feng, a captain of Li Si in the Han Dynasty.
Equipment production: a crossbow with ten arrows, crossbows, wooden horses and horses, cock-crow pillow, Zhuge walking pot, sleeve armor cap, zinc drum, and other equipment. Chen Shou's Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang records: "Brightness is better than ingenuity, profits and losses hang on the crossbow, and it is unexpected."
Agriculture: Zhuge Liang cultivated fine varieties, improved soil, created farm tools, and implemented agricultural techniques such as intercropping and interplanting. Chen shou's reflection? Zhuge Liang Biography records that "ordinary things are fine, and physics is the foundation."
Aesthetic accomplishment and artistic achievement;
Le: Zhuge Liang's "Zhongxing Bibliography", a volume, describes the beginning of piano making and the seven-stringed sound, and the meaning of thirteen signs to take pictures.
Xie's On Qin also recorded: "Zhuge Liang wrote Fu Liangyin." "Geographical Records" records: "There is a stone harp in Wuhou Temple in Dingjun Mountain, which is very clear, and it is said that it was left by Wuhou. "
Zhuge Liang is proficient in temperament, likes playing the piano and singing, and has a high musical accomplishment.
It can be seen that Zhuge Liang's musical genius, which combines music practice with music theory, vocal music, instrumental music and composition lyrics, is rare at all times and in all countries.
Calligraphy:
Xuanhe Pu Shu (volume 13) records that Zhuge Liang is good at painting and likes to write cursive script. Although it is not called by books, it is necessary to cherish its legacy. " He also said: "The cursive script I collected in the Forbidden City today: Yuan Tuotie."
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhou Yue's "Ancient and Modern Law Bookstore" also recorded: "The ancient teacher Shu tasted three Ding, all of which were eight points in the seal of Wuhou, which was wonderful." This shows Zhuge Liang's achievements in China's calligraphy history.
Painting: Xie's "Qin Lun" says: Zhuge Liang and his son are good at painting.
According to the Records of Huayang Country in South China, its custom is to recruit witches and ghosts, love to curse the alliance, throw stones at the grass, and officials often want it by cursing the alliance. Zhuge Liang made a map for foreigners: first draw heaven and earth, the sun and the moon, the monarch and his subjects; Second, draw a dragon, which gives birth to Man Zi and cows, horses and camels; After the painting department, the main collector rode the banner of the horse and patrolled the T-shirt; He also painted the image of leading sheep to drink water, Jin Baoyi, in order to give it to foreigners. It's heavy. Xu Zhisheng has a straight mouth. With the Ruijin iron coil, both of them exist today.
Zhang Yanyuan also recorded the collection and sale of paintings at that time in his book On Painting. He said: "Today is divided into three ancient times to determine the nobility and inferiority, and the Han and Wei dynasties are ancient, so Cai Yong, Zhang Heng, Cao Mao, Huan Fan, Xu Miao, Cao Buxing and Zhuge Liang are also."
In literature:
Zhuge Liang mainly lies in prose writing, and is also very distinctive in poetry creation.
Zhang Shu, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, collected about 199 articles by Zhuge Liang, including countermeasures, imperial edicts, tables, books, religions, military orders, inscriptions, records, general offices, etc. Although these works are applied articles, not pure literary works, they are the essence of Zhuge Liang's thoughts and speeches all his life.
Representative works include: A Teacher, Longzhong Dui and Fu Liangyin.
Architectural aspects:
Justin's "Han Ji Lun" also has the same record, and said: "A house of good governance, secondary houses, bridges and roads."
When Sima Yi visited the Shu military camp, he sincerely said, "Zhuge Gong is a genius in the world.
"Dian lue" notes: "Zhuge Liang approached Shu, set up a pavilion and built a base, from Chengdu to Baishuiguan, covering more than 400 districts."
Military aspects:
Pay attention to the innovation of ordnance equipment;
The deduction array method is "eight array diagram";
Running the army is a good prescription, judging the situation with soldiers, strategizing and winning thousands of miles;
Situation analysis is far-sighted; Be good at the general trend and predict the three pillars before you are born.
Zhuge Liang dabbled in group books and learned a lot. He not only studied various classics such as Confucianism, France, military science and Taoism, but also attached importance to learning various technical skills and scientific and technological knowledge. At the same time, he also likes literature, calligraphy, painting, chess and music. He absorbed the strengths of each family into one, that is, the so-called "melting nine streams and forming a family." He did not confine himself to a narrow field, but grasped the civilized achievements of the society at that time comprehensively, extensively and in many ways, thus having rich cultural background and high aesthetic accomplishment. He emphasized the unity of learning and application, knowledge and ability, theory and practice. Zhuge Liang is really awesome, and he is a genius in all aspects, such as morality, intelligence, talent, learning and physical fitness, once in a thousand years.