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Shanhaiguan is the northeast starting point of the Ming Great Wall, with a territory of 26 kilometers and more than 1 kilometers east of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province. It is the historical evolution of Qinhuangdao's municipal district with an area of 192 square kilometers and a population of 14,.
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Shanhaiguan was called Yuguan in ancient times, also known as Linlu Pass. In the fourteenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1381), Xu Da Zhongshan Wang was ordered to repair Yongping Pass and Jieling Pass, and established Shanhaiguan here, because it was adjacent to Yanshan Mountain in the north.
according to historical records, Shanhaiguan has a history of more than 6 years since it was built in 1381, and it has been an important military town in China since ancient times.
In the late Ming Dynasty, female generals Qin Liangyu and Wu Ju Wu Sangui guarded Shanhaiguan.
Building specifications
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The city of Shanhaiguan, with a circumference of about 4 kilometers, is a small town. The whole city is connected with the Great Wall and the city is the gateway. The city is 14 meters high and 7 meters thick. There are four main gates in the city, and there are a variety of ancient defensive buildings. It is a relatively complete defense system and is known as the "first pass in the world". Take the majestic "the first pass in the world" Arrow Tower as the main body, supplemented by Jingbian Tower. Linlv building The Great Wall buildings, such as Muying Building, Weiyuan Hall, Wengcheng, Dongluo City and Great Wall Museum, show visitors the architectural style of China ancient city defense.
Shanhaiguan is an ancient cultural city. The walls of the Ming Dynasty are basically intact, and most of the main streets and alleys remain intact. In particular, there are still a number of quadrangle houses preserved, which makes the ancient city more elegant and simple. The east gate of Guancheng, the first gate tower in the world, stands on the Great Wall and looks at all the fields. On the second floor of the tower, you can overlook the panorama of Shanhaiguan City and Yuan Ye outside Shanhaiguan. Looking north, you can see the majestic posture of Jiaoshan Great Wall from a distance; The sea in the south is also dimly visible. In the north and south of the first gate tower in the world, there are buildings such as Jingbian Tower, Muying Tower and Linlu Building. Walking on the Great Wall of Wan Li will make you feel the greatness of our ancestors and the extraordinary wisdom of Chinese people.
Cultural connotation
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Shanhaiguan is an ancient cultural city with a long history and one of the image representatives of the Great Wall in Wan Li, China.
The "No.1 Pass in the World" plaque, more than 5 meters long and 1.5 meters high, was written by Xiao Xian, a famous calligrapher in Ming Dynasty. It is written in regular script, vigorous and vigorous, and integrated with the style of the tower. It can be called a masterpiece in ancient and modern times. According to legend, the last word "one" was not written together, but the writer threw a pen full of ink into the air.
When you get off the "No.1 Pass in the World" tower, you can visit the Great Wall Museum, where you will be shown the ancient and modern Wan Li Great Wall and amazing physical exhibits.
in the ancient city, tasting local snacks will greatly increase your interest in traveling and appreciate the local customs of Shanhaiguan.
Shanhaiguan has a long history of humanities. As early as the Neolithic Age, our ancestors had already worked and lived here.
Shanhaiguan Scenic Area is a famous historical and cultural city and a summer resort with a collection of scenic spots and historical sites, beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. There are more than 9 scenic spots and historical sites with development and ornamental value in the area. In 2, Shanhaiguan Scenic Area was rated as the first batch of 4A-level tourist attractions; In 21, the State Council officially listed Shanhaiguan District of Qinhuangdao City as a national historical and cultural city. With the Great Wall as the main line, it formed six scenic spots, namely "Old Dragon Head", "Mengjiangnv Temple", "Corner Mountain", "The First Pass in the World", "Changshou Mountain" and "Yansai Lake", all of which are open to Chinese and foreign tourists, and are famous tourist areas at home and abroad. Among them, Shanhaiguan Great Wall has gathered the essence of the ancient Great Wall in China. The eastern starting point of the Great Wall in Wan Li in the Ming Dynasty is the old dragon head, where the Great Wall meets the sea, with blue sea and golden sands, and the sky is full of sea and mountains. It is magnificent, and the world-famous "the first pass in the world" is towering, and it is known as "the capital of the capital, the left throat of Liaoning"; The Great Wall of Jiaoshan is winding, with steep towers and picturesque scenery. The "Mountain Temple is rainy and sunny, Ruilian holds the sun" and the wonderful "Qi Xian Buddha Light" among the "Eight Scenes of Yuguan" here have attracted many tourists. Meng Jiangnu Temple is an interpretation of China folklore-the touching story of Jiangnu seeking her husband. The largest natural granite cave in northern China-Hangyang Cave, with strange caves and different rocks, is like a paradise. Yansai Lake, a pearl beyond the Great Wall, is beautiful.
ticket price: Shanhaiguan ticket: full ticket 4 yuan
climatic conditions
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Shanhaiguan is located in Bohai Bay in the northeast of China, with the east longitude of 119 24' to 119 51' and the north latitude of 8 48' to 4 7'. It is an urban area belonging to Qinhuangdao, in the northeast of the city. Yanshan in the north, Bohai in the south, Liaoning in the east and Beijing and Tianjin in the west. The natural area covers an area of 18 square kilometers with a population of 125,. There are major rivers such as Shihe River, Chaohe River and Shahe River. The climate belongs to the humid climate in the warm and humid zone of the eastern monsoon. There is no heat in summer, no cold in winter, abundant rainfall and pleasant climate. The average annual rainfall is 736 mm, the maximum snow depth is 13 cm, the maximum freezing depth is 85 cm, and the average relative humidity of the air is 62%.
Honorary achievements
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In 1985, it was listed as the first of the "Top Ten Scenic Spots in China";
In p>1987, "Wan Li Great Wall-Shanhaiguan" was listed as "World Natural and Cultural Heritage" by UNESCO;
In p>1991, Shanhaiguan and the Old Dragon Head Great Wall were rated as "Forty Best Tourist Attractions in China";
In p>1992, it was designated as the national tourist route of' 92 China Friendly Tourism Year;
In p>1993, it was identified as the key tour extension point of' 93 China Landscape Tour;
in p>1994, it was identified as an important tourist route of national cultural relics and historic sites;
In p>1995, it was identified as the tourist route of "China Folk Customs Tour-Great Wall Customs";
In p>1999, the first batch in China was named as "China Excellent Tourism City", and Changshou Mountain, Jiaoshan Mountain and Yansai Lake were named as "National Forest Parks";
In p>2, it was awarded the title of "National Civilized Scenic Area Demonstration Site" by the Central Civilization Office and the National Tourism Administration;
in p>2, the first batch of scenic spots in China were rated as "national AAAA-level tourist attractions" by the National Tourism Administration.
in p>21, it was named "China's famous historical and cultural city";
Changshou Mountain, Jiaoshan Mountain and Yansai Lake were named "National Geopark (Liujiang Basin National Geopark)" in p>22;
In p>27, the National Quality Rating Committee of Tourist Attractions was approved as the first batch of national 5A-level tourist attractions.
Origin
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It is said that more than 6 years ago, Zhu Yuanzhang became the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and he made a decree to send Marshal Xu Da and strategist Liu Bowen to the north of Beijing to fortify the city, which must be completed within two years.
Xu Da and Liu Bowen got the order, took their troops, set out today, and soon arrived at the frontier fortress. The next day, the two men rode up the hill and looked at it to find a place to build a city. When it comes to building a city, Xu Da is a layman. He will only go to war and take the lead; Fortified city, but not as good as Liu Bowen. Liu Bowen knows astronomy above, geography below, and his knowledge is great. Xu Da stood on a high place and even said, "Good place, good battlefield!" Liu Bowen was silent.
On the third day, they came here again on horseback, and Xu Da repeatedly said, "Good place, a rare good place!" Liu Bowen still didn't hum. On the fourth day, they came here again on horseback, and Xu Da repeatedly said, "Good battlefield, good battlefield!" Liu Bowen still don't hum 1. Xu Da was puzzled when he saw this. He asked, "Counselor, I led Kun here to defend the city. For three days in a row, you didn't say a word. Why on earth?" "For Daming Jiangshan! Also for you ... ""For me? How do you say this? " Liu Bowen pointed to the front with his whip and said, "Marshal, look: the Yanshan Mountains in the north are continuous, and the Bohai Sea in the south is all over the sky. It is really and while one man guards it and ten thousand cannot force it!" Knowing that the strategist had a high strategy, Xu Dasu asked, "What do you want to build?" Liu Bowen said: "This city is bigger and higher than other cities. It is necessary to build a golden city with iron walls, which is connected by cities, building by building, and building by building." Liu Bowen pointed around with his whip and said, "Marshal, this place is both a good battlefield and a good place to live. You see, the land here is fertile and the climate is mild. It is really a good place to settle down! " Xu Da a listen to suddenly enlighted, think of strategist said "for you". Xu Da repeatedly cheered, returned to camp that day, and the two of them drew pictures overnight, and the pie will be sent to Beijing the next day. The court must play and start work immediately. After working for a whole year and eight months, Guancheng was completed.
Early this morning, when Zhu Yuanzhang saw that Xu Da and Liu Bowen had returned, he asked, "When two Aiqing returned to Beijing, can the city be built?" When they got out of class, they said, "Thanks to the Holy Blessing, have you ever named it?" Hearing this, Xu Da and Liu Bowen froze. At that time, it was ordered to build a city, but it was not named! Xu Da was straight-minded. As soon as he opened his mouth, Liu Bowen stepped forward and said, "I didn't dare to move. It's just that the city, which faces the sea in the south and the mountains in the north, can really be described as the pass of mountains and seas. Long live the sage, please show it! " Hearing this, Zhu Yuanzhang waved his hand and said, "OK, it's called Shanhaiguan!"
After coming back from Chaoli, Liu Bowen followed Xu Da to Xufu and said to Xu Da, "I can't be an official in Chaoli any more, I have to go.". Xu Da asked quickly, "What are you going to do?" Liu Bowen said: "I am a Taoist from Shan Ye, so I'd better travel around the world!" Xu Da was puzzled and said, "You and I fought with the emperor in the south and fought in the north, from Dingjiangshan, and now we have built Shanhaiguan City. It can be said that we have worked hard and should have enjoyed splendor. If we leave, the emperor knows that we will not be able to play correctly." Liu Bowen said, "Not nearly! Long live if let za * * * enjoy splendor, we won't be sent to build Guancheng, and we won't only be given a two-year period. If you and I don't take orders, our lives will be hard to protect; If the order is not completed on time, it will be guilty of deceiving the monarch again; If it is built into a private name, it belongs to the emperor; Now I dare not name it, and it is also a poor job. This is just the beginning! " Xu Da was puzzled: "Strategist, you mean ..." Liu Bowen said with a wave of his hand, "When the rabbit is dead, the dog will cook, and the bird will hide." Are there few examples of emperors and ministers who can be in trouble with * * * but not with * * * Anton? " In a word, Xu Da was dumbfounded. It took a long time to say, "Military adviser, what shall I do if you leave?" Liu Bowen said: "You can't go, you should accompany the DPRK, and never leave for around Long Live. Don't leave even if you are driven away. Besides, your children can't stay in Beijing. Let them go to Shanhaiguan. The city there is high and deep, and it is not suffering from the sword. Even if the fire is raging, there are Pingchuan and Gaoshan in the back, which is a place to use. " Xu Da said, "Just do as the strategist says. Tomorrow, ask the children to go to Shanhaiguan. " Just then, a general named Hu Minghai broke into the room. He heard Xu and Liu talking outside the tent, and when he entered the room, he shouted, "Marshal, I fought with you, and now you are going to Shanhaiguan, so I'll send a child with you!" As the words faded, General Chang Yuchun came again. Liu Bowen knew that these three were friends of life and death, so he told him the whole story. Chang Yuchun also insisted on sending a child to Shanhaiguan.
Soon, Liu Bowen left without saying goodbye, and Xu Da, as Liu Bowen said, never left the emperor's side to save his life. And Hu Dahai, Chang Yuchun and other founding fathers died in the fire of the celebration building.
Besides, Xu Da, Hu Dahai and Chang Yuchun's three sons went to Shanhaiguan and settled down. Later, the descendants of these three families built the Xu Da Temple in Shanhaiguan City, the Hujiafen in the northeast of the city and the Changjiafen in the southwest of the city, and all of them set up stone memorial archways.
[ Best Travel Time ]
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Shanhaiguan is located in Qinhuangdao, where the summer climate is cool and it is an ideal summer resort. The best season to visit Beidaihe is from May to October, and other scenic spots in Qinhuangdao are from June to August. The best time for special bird watching tour is the migration season of migratory birds in spring and autumn.
[ Traffic Guide ]
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Qinhuangdao City is located on the north bank of Bohai Sea, which is located at the throat artery from North China to Northeast China, 38 kilometers away from Beijing, 243 kilometers away from Tianjin and 461 kilometers away from Shenyang, with excellent geographical location and convenient land, water and air transportation.
External transportation
Aviation: Qinhuangdao Shanhaiguan Airport is 13 kilometers away from the urban area, and there are weekly flights to Shanghai, Nanjing, Dalian, Yantai, Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang.
Railway: There are four main railway stations in Qinhuangdao, namely, Qinhuangdao Station, Shanhaiguan Station, Beidaihe Station and Changli Station, which almost cover the main tourist destinations in Qinhuangdao. Qinhuangdao City is located at the crossroads from North China to Northeast China. Trains from here to North China (Beijing and Tianjin) all leave at Qinhuangdao Station, and trains to Northeast China (Shenyang) all leave at Shanhaiguan Station. Short-distance trains from Qinhuangdao to Beijing will pass Beidaihe Station. In recent years, there are many summer tourist trains specially sent from Beijing to Beidaihe, Shanhaiguan and other places. Shanhaiguan is 312 kilometers away from Beijing, and long-distance trains from Beijing to Shenyang all pass through Shanhaiguan Station, with about a dozen trips a day.
Highway: Qinhuangdao has long-distance buses to nearby cities every day. In addition, Beidaihe seaside coach station has buses bound for Beijing, Tianjin, Chengde, Zhengzhou and Shijiazhuang. There is a long-distance bus from Qinhuangdao North Ring Road Bus Station to Shijiazhuang, which runs at 8: and 8: 15 every morning and takes 6 hours to get there.
Beijing Capital Automobile Company and taxi company offer five-day tour and four-day tour from Beijing to Shanhaiguan, Qinhuangdao and Beidaihe. Taking an air-conditioned luxury bus is more expensive than going by train, but accommodation and sightseeing are arranged for you, which is very convenient.
Water transport: Qinhuangdao Port is an ice-free port in the north of China and the largest energy export port in the world. There are passenger ships between Dalian and Qinhuangdao every week, with fares ranging from 69 yuan to 338 yuan. Generally, they depart from Qinhuangdao every single day and return from Dalian the next day, and it takes about 14 hours for one-way trip.
Internal transportation
Highway: Shanhaiguan is only 17 kilometers away from Qinhuangdao, and there are many bus flights. You can take bus No.6 from Beidaihe Railway Station to Qinhuangdao Railway Station directly. Shanhaiguan is 3 kilometers away from Beidaihe, and there are shuttle buses between the two places.
Bus: There are buses or tourist buses between tourist attractions in Qinhuangdao, and the main buses between tourist attractions are:
3\ Route 4: Shanhaiguan, South Gate, Qinhuangdao, Railway Station, Great Wall Hotel, Municipal Government, Hualian Bus Station, Baitaling, Yanshan University, Wildlife Park, Beidaihe, Bus Station
Route 21: Geziwo Park, Jinshan Shopping Mall, Rose Garden, Seaside Hotel, Painting and Calligraphy Exhibition Hall, Lotus Stone, Xishan Park, Beiling Garden, Beidaihe Bus Station
No.22: Beidaihe Railway Station, Niutouya, Nandaihe, Hedong Village and Beidaihe Bus Station
No.23: Mengjiangnv Temple, Shanhaiguan Bus Station, Shanhaiguan, Xinghua Market, Cultural Palace and Great Wall Wonder
No.24: Shanhaiguan Bus Station.