Appreciation of Xin Qiji's "Moon on the Xijiang River·Walking on the Yellow Sand Road at Night" May 30, 2007 Xijiang Moon·Walking on the Yellow Sand Road at Night·Xin Qiji
The bright moon leaves the branches frightened by magpies, and the breeze sings the cicadas in the middle of the night .The fragrance of rice flowers talks about a good year, and I hear the sound of frogs.
Seven or eight stars are out in the sky, and it rains at two or three o'clock. In front of the mountain. In the old days, by the forest of Maodian Society, I suddenly saw the bridge over the creek when the road turned.
Appreciation 1
This poem was written when Xin Qiji lived leisurely in Daihu, Shangrao. Huangsha, or Huangsha Ridge, is in the west of Shangrao County, Jiangxi Province. It has beautiful scenery, so-called "streams and mountains are painted together" (Xin Qiji's "Partridge" Xin Qiji built a library nearby and often traveled to Huangsha Road. Xin Qiji once served as a border official in the Southern Song Dynasty, but his heroic and upright discussions and decisive and capable style, especially His political ideas for resuming the Anti-Japanese War were met with the jealousy of his colleagues and attacks by the highest ruling class. In the eighth year of Chunxi reign of Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty (1181), he was finally impeached and dismissed from office, and returned to his home in Daihu, where he lived a life of idleness and retirement. Xin Qiji has always attached great importance to agricultural production and sympathized with the sufferings of the people. When he was the deputy envoy of Hunan Province, he once wrote "On Thieves and Zhazi" to plead for the people, recounting the "screaming and painful conditions" of hundreds of people, and pointed out the fact that "the government forced the people to rebel" , loudly called on the court to "benefit and support Yuanyuan". Before he resigned from office and lived idle, he said: "In life, you should work hard, and you should put your farmland first." So he took the name of Jiaxuan and called himself Jiaxuan layman. And for a long time in the countryside The idle life brought him closer to the countryside and established a deeper relationship with the farmers, so that everything in the countryside aroused his great interest. Therefore, he was very concerned about the suffering of the farmers: "The elders argue that the rain is even, and their brows It’s not like last year when he was frowning and diligent, but he was in the dust." ("Huanxisha") The weather is smooth and the people are no longer hungry, and he is also very happy. In these rural poems, Xin Qiji compares the peaceful and tranquil countryside with the filth." "The mausoleums and valleys in ancient and modern times are vast, and the city and the dynasty are often plowing mulberry trees." ("Qing Ping Le Ti Lu Qiao") He was ostracized* in the officialdom, but could get temporary solace in the countryside and seek spiritual comfort. As his friend Lu Youyou said: "The joy of a farmhouse is no more evil than the struggle between the city and the court" ("Yuechi Farmer"). It was prompted by this complex emotion that Xin Qiji wrote such works as "Xijiang" A lively and lively rural poem like "Moonlit Night Walking on the Yellow Sand Road" can only be understood by us in connection with the author's life experience and ideological ambitions.
This song "Moon over the Xijiang River" "Written is a fragment of the author's night walk on the yellow sand road. On a clear summer night in the south of the Yangtze River, the moonlight was bright and shining like daytime. The black magpie perched on the green tree branch thought that the dawn was coming and said "ahah" It flew up in fright, jumping from one branch to another, making the branches rustle! When it realized that it had made a mistake in its judgment, it stopped on another branch. The breeze came, and the branches swayed slightly, startling The sleeping summer cicadas also chirped in the middle of the night. On this intoxicating clear moonlit night, our poet walked alone on the yellow sand road, listening to the cicadas chirping and the magpies chirping, smelling the fragrant fragrance of rice flowers, and the water The proud men of the country seemed to understand our poet's joyful mood, so they played a cheerful symphony for him. From the chorus of frogs, our poet had heard the news of a good harvest. The bright moon, the breeze, The startling magpies, chirping cicadas, the fragrance of rice, and the sound of frogs, what the poet saw, heard, smelled, and touched were all refreshing. His whole body and mind were immersed in the comfort of the summer night in the south of the Yangtze River. , so I couldn't help but look up at the sky, where there were only a few sparse stars hanging on the blue sky. However, "the sky is unpredictable", not to mention the midsummer weather in the south of the Yangtze River! I don't know when, a few floating clouds suddenly came, A few drops of rain fell like a mischief. The sudden shower broke the poet's elegance, and he had to hurry to avoid the rain that came at night. He was in a hurry and had no time to look around. When the road turned around at the creek bridge, I suddenly raised my head, hey! A familiar thatched shop appeared beside the woods of Tutu Temple. This is simply a beautiful and interesting picture of a midsummer moonlit night in a mountain village in the south of the Yangtze River! It is full of poetry and painting, giving people a rich enjoyment of beauty.
What artistic means did the author use to express this picture of a moonlit night in a mountain village in the south of the Yangtze River?
First of all, in the choice of tone of words, the author chose small sentences that are easy to express lively and cheerful emotions. "Moon over Xijiang". The lyrics of "Moon over Xijiang" are in double tone, with five crosses, two flat rhymes for the upper and lower columns, and one rhyme for each sentence in the conclusion. The words "cicada", "year" and "qian" in this poem "Moon over Xijiang" The four characters "bian" all have the same tone as "xian"
Within the rhyme, although the words "PIA" and "JIAN" in the concluding sentence belong to oblique tones, they also belong to the same part in the rhyme of the word. In this way, the oblique and oblique rhymes in the same part complement each other, which can increase the beauty of the voice and emotion of the word, and these two oblique rhymes are in the same part. The rhyme words are all arranged in the concluding sentences of the upper and lower columns, and the tone is short and abrupt, making the whole poem more harmonious and powerful. The number of words in each sentence of "Xijiang Moon" is roughly neat, with six, six, seven, and six sentences. Up and down The two six-character sentences at the beginning of the que are easy to parallelize. The two sentences at the beginning of the poem "Xijiang Moon" are very stable. What needs to be specially pointed out here is the interpretation of "biezhi". As far as I can see, There are roughly three explanations: one is to interpret "farewell" as "leaving", and there are two slightly different explanations here. One is that the moonlight "farewells to the branches", the other is that the black magpie "leaves the branches"; the second is that the moonlight "leaves the branches"; The first is to interpret "biezhi" as "the branch that leans out"; the third is to interpret "biezhi" as "another branch". I think the third interpretation is better because the two sentences "明月" are very well matched. Stable. "Mingyue" and "Qingfeng" are both natural scenes. It can be said that you don't need to buy a clear breeze and a bright moon. "Jingque" and "Minging cicada", "Jing" and "Ming" are both verbs, and both have verbs. Meaning, both "magpie" and "cicada" are animals that can fly and sing well; "biezhi" is a noun for "midnight", "branch" and "night", "ban" is used as an adjective here, and "bie" should also be used It is an adjective. If used as a verb, it is not paired with "midnight". Besides, the first two sentences of the second part of the word are: "Seven or eight stars are outside the sky, and two or three o'clock rain is in front of the mountain." The quantifier is opposite to the quantifier, the noun is to the noun, and the locator is to the other. The antithesis of place words is very neat. How can we imagine that Xin Qiji, who is proficient in poetry, would have non-matching phenomena in the antithesis of the same word? In fact, the "biezhi" here is the same as "Living in Hao's Linting" by Fang Qian of the Tang Dynasty. The "parting branch" in the poem "The sound of cicadas fluttering across the departing branches" has the same meaning. Su Shi's "The moonlight is startling the magpies that have not settled on the branches" (see the two poems "Ci Yun Jiang Yingshu" and "Hangzhou Peony..."), Zhou Bangyan's "The bright moon frightens the crows and the birds are uncertain" ("Butterflies Love Flowers in the Morning"), which also means that the bright moon frightens the magpies and makes them unable to rest. The artistic conception is the same.
Secondly, the author adopts a side view. The expressive technique of setting off and contrasting movement and stillness. The bright moon, breeze, rice flowers, star rain, thatched shop, and bridges are all emotionless things, while startling magpies, singing cicadas, and frogs naturally do not have human feelings. But for these The description of objective scenery can reflect the author's thoughts and mood. For the author who walks on the yellow sand road at night, everything he sees, hears, smells, touches, and feels makes people feel comfortable and happy. Cheerful. The center of the whole poem is "talking about a good harvest", and the emphasis is on the author's joyful emotions caused by the good harvest. The top part of the poem focuses on the rendering of "face", and the first and second sentences are quiet and full of meaning. Movement, but focuses on the description of stillness. The startling magpies and the chirping of cicadas increasingly show the tranquility of the environment; the third and fourth sentences mix movement and stillness, focusing on the color of movement and stillness. The sound of frogs and the fragrance of rice are all for The three words "Speaking of Good Years" are highlighted. The rendering of "face" in the upper column has formed a cheerful and joyful atmosphere. The lower column of the word focuses on the depiction of "points". The author chose a dramatic close-up shot during a night walk, It's like throwing a stone into a calm lake, causing ripples. This interesting episode makes the whole poem more emotional. The first and third sentences at the bottom of the poem are about tranquility, and the second and fourth sentences are about tranquility. The writing is dynamic, and the "four two" sentence pattern in the first and second sentences has a brisk rhythm, ups and downs, and the words "turn" and "hu" in the last sentence make the author's joyful mood vividly appear on the page. It rains at night, and the words "turn" and "hu" appear on the page. It did not annoy or disappoint the author. On the contrary, it increased the poet's interest. Some comrades think that "seven or eight stars outside the sky" is "writing about the density of clouds", and only seven or eight stars are revealed from the clouds. But from the whole Looking at the first poem, this explanation lacks emotion. This sentence corresponds to the first sentence of the poem, which describes the real scene of "the moon and stars are sparse". Huang Zunxian's poem "Morning Journey": "The east wants to see the color, but the color is not clear, the Big Dipper is three "Point two stars." is also written about this situation. If the clouds are thick and dense, then the brewing time must be longer, and the stars can only reveal seven or eight, then the moon must be dim, and the author will inevitably He had already been prepared for rain, which is incompatible with the leisurely and comfortable mood described in the poem above. Besides, the author often travels on the Huangsha Road and is very familiar with the scenery along the way. If he had been prepared, the "suddenly" in the concluding sentence would have been better. "There is no place for the word. In midsummer, the weather is changeable. Just now, the moon and stars were sparse and the breeze was gentle. Unexpectedly, a few dark clouds flew over in an instant, and then "two or three drops of rain" fell. The author was caught off guard and had no time to think and hurriedly took shelter from the rain. , when we reached "Lu Zhuanxi Bridge", the "old thatched cottage" suddenly appeared in front of us. The word "suddenly" is used very expressively here. So I
To say that this is a "night rain" is a midsummer shower. If you are planning ahead and the heavy rain is coming, it will be a bit ruinous, and it will not be harmonious with the lively and lively mood of the whole poem. The poem "Song Temple" by Lu Yanrang of the Five Dynasties says this : "Two or three electric streaks are about to turn into rain, and seven or eight stars are still in the sky." Li Shanfu's poem "Cold Food" of the Tang Dynasty also says: "Sometimes it rains at three or two o'clock, and there are ten and five branches of flowers everywhere." Xin Qiji's choice of words is obvious. It was influenced by them, but it cannot be concluded based on this that the "seven or eight stars" are caused by the "denseness of the clouds".
Again, the wording of the whole word is clear as words, but also flexible and changeable. This is to better express the lively and lively mood. Xin Ci is easy to use allusions and make comments. However, in this small poem, the author firstly does not use allusions and secondly does not make comments. Instead, he uses the technique of line drawing to describe what he sees. What is heard and felt is described truthfully, fresh, lively, and swaying, showing the author's love for rural life, making people feel extremely friendly and natural when reading it. It should be said that lyrical short poems describing rural scenery like Xin Qiji's "Moon on the West River" , which is rare in the entire classical vocabulary. (Zhang Zhonggang)