1, Cao Cao
Cao Cao (155-0315,220) was born in Mengde, a lucky man and a small character, Asan, from Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was an outstanding politician, strategist, writer and calligrapher, and the founder of the Cao Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms.
Cao Cao served as the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty and later named Wang Wei, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Cao Wei. After his death, posthumous title became King Wu. After his son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he was honored as Emperor Wu, with the temple name Mao.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. In the name of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao conquered all directions, wiped out the separatist forces such as Er Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao, Ma Chao and Han Sui at home, surrendered the southern Xiongnu, Wu Huan and Xianbei abroad, and unified northern China.
And implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, expand land reclamation, build water conservancy projects, reward farmers and admire mulberry, attach importance to handicrafts, resettle refugees, and implement "rent modulation", thus making the Central Plains society gradually stable and the economy turn around.
Under Cao Cao's rule, the politics of the Yellow River valley gradually became clear, the economy gradually recovered, the class oppression was slightly alleviated, and the social atmosphere improved. Some measures taken by Cao Cao in the name of Han have positive effects. ?
Cao Cao is proficient in the art of war militarily and attaches importance to talents and talents. Therefore, he took a fancy to his potential molecules at all costs. He is good at writing poems, expressing his political ambitions and reflecting the miserable life of the people in the late Han Dynasty. He is magnificent, generous and sad.
Prose is also neat, which opens and prospers Jian 'an literature and leaves precious spiritual wealth to future generations. Lu Xun rated him as "the founder of reforming articles". At the same time, Cao Cao is also good at calligraphy, and Zhang Huaiguan in the Tang Dynasty rated Cao Cao's Cao Zhang as a "wonderful work" in "The Story".
2. Cao Pi
Wei Wendi Cao Pi (187 Winter—June 29th, 226) was born in Peiguoqiao County, Yuzhou City (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). A famous politician and writer in the Three Kingdoms period, the founding emperor of Cao Wei (reigned from 220 to 226). Cao Cao, the second son of Wei Wudi, is the eldest son of the first lady.
Cao Pi grew up with both civil and military skills. He is well-read and well-versed in hundreds of theories. In the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17), Cao Pi defeated his brother Cao Zhi and was made Prince Wang Wei.
In the twenty-fifth year of Jian 'an (220), Cao Cao died, and Cao Pi succeeded to the prime minister, Wang Wei. In the same year, Zen ascended the throne, and Wei replaced Han, ending the rule of the Han Dynasty for more than 400 years and establishing the State of Wei.
During Cao Pi's reign, he adopted the opinion of Chen Qun, the official minister, and in the first year (220), ordered him to formulate the Nine-grade Zhengzhong system, which became the main official selection system in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
But also pacified the separatist forces in Qingzhou and Xuzhou, and finally completed the reunification of the north. Pacify foreign invasion, repel Xianbei, make friends with Xiongnu, Bianyi and Qiang, and restore the organizational system in the western regions.
In the seventh year of Huang Chu (226), Cao Pi died in Luoyang at the age of forty. Posthumous title was buried in Shouyangling, Emperor Wen of Gaozu.
Cao Pi has made great achievements in poetry, fu and literature, especially in five-character poems. Cao Pi, his father Cao Cao and his brother Cao Zhi are also called "Jian 'an Three Caos", and there are two volumes of Wei Wendi Collection.
In addition, Cao Pi also wrote Dian Lun, in which the paper is the first systematic literary criticism monograph in the history of China literature.
3. Cao Zhi
Cao Zhi (192-232 65438+ February 27th) was born in Qiao County (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province), in Dongwuyang (now Shenxian County, called Juancheng City), the third son of Cao Cao and Wu Xuanbian, who was Chen Wang before his death.
Cao Zhi was a famous writer in the Three Kingdoms period. As one of the representatives and epitomizers of Jian 'an literature, he was promoted to the position of a model article in the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. His representative works include Luo Shen Fu, White Horse, Seven Wounded Poems, etc.
Extended data:
Introduction to Cao's three literary works;
First, Cao Cao
1, look at the sea
Viewing the Sea is a four-character poem written by Cao Cao, a poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. This poem is a magnificent picture of the sea when Cao Cao climbed Jieshi Mountain and watched the sea with a lot of romantic passion.
It depicts the magnificence of the motherland's rivers and mountains, not only the magnificence of mountains and seas, but also the enterprising spirit of the poet who lives by heaven and cares about the world. The whole poem is concise in language, rich in imagination, magnificent, desolate and tragic.
2. "Although turtles live long"
The Ghost Blows the Lamp is a four-character Yuefu poem by Cao Cao, a writer and politician in the Eastern Han Dynasty. This poem is the fourth in the series "Out of Xiamen".
The author compares himself to an old galloping horse. Although he is old and weak, he has been relegated to a lower position, but his chest is still full of lofty sentiments and ambitions, showing a positive attitude towards life, full of real experience of life, and has sincere and strong emotional strength.
The whole poem combines poetic sentiment and philosophy, with ingenious conception, clear and vigorous language, philosophical thinking and impassioned, and artistic image, which realizes the perfect combination of reason, ambition and emotion in concrete artistic image.
Second, Cao Pi
1, a classical theory
Cao Pi's Dian Lun is a political and cultural monograph. The whole book probably died in the Song Dynasty, and only the Self-report and Essays are relatively complete.
Dian Lun is an early literary monograph in the history of literary criticism in China and an important document in the history of literary criticism in Han and Wei Dynasties. It discusses the attitude of literary criticism, the writer's personality and the style of his works, the difference between styles and the value of literature.
The "Wen" mentioned here is an article in a broad sense, including literary works, which involves several very important issues in literary criticism. Although a little rough, it occupies an important position in the history of literary criticism.
2. "Two Poems by Yan"
Xing Er Poems is a poem by Cao Pi, the Emperor of Wei Wen, and it is a love masterpiece describing a woman who misses her husband from afar. The whole poem has beautiful language, euphemistic emotions and harmonious syllables, which makes the characters' emotions touching.
This is the oldest seven-character poem in the history of China literature. Although it has the shortcoming of monotonous rhyme, it occupies a very important position in the history of China's poetry development.
Third, Cao Zhi
1, seven-step poem
Seven Steps Poetry is a poem by Cao Zhi, a poet of Wei State in the Three Kingdoms period. This poem uses glutinous rice and beans from the same root to compare brothers and their parents.
Using fried beans to compare Cao Pi, a half-brother who killed his younger brother, expressed strong dissatisfaction with Cao Pi, vividly and simply reflected the cruel struggle within the feudal ruling group and the poet's own difficult situation, depressed and angry thoughts and feelings.
2. Ode to Luoshen
Luo Shen Fu is a masterpiece of Cao Zhi, a writer of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period.
This poem fictionalizes the author's own meeting with Luo Shen and their yearning and love for each other. The image of Luo Shen is absolutely beautiful, and the love between man and god is vague, but it can't be combined because of the different ways of man and god, and finally expresses infinite sadness and disappointment.
The whole article can be roughly divided into six paragraphs: in the first paragraph, when the author returned to the fief from Luoyang, he saw Luo Shen standing on the cliff in a trance; The second paragraph writes about the beauty of Luo Shen's dress; In the third paragraph, the author worships Luo Shen, who knows etiquette and is good at words. Although they exchanged answers, they were worried that the encounter would be blocked.
The fourth paragraph describes Luo Shen's sincere feelings for "Wang" and his future situation and actions; In the fifth paragraph, Luo Shen had many followers and finally left with profound hatred.
The sixth paragraph describes the author's deep affection for Gu Wang after Luo Shen left. All the poems are colorful, delicate in description, rich in imagination, full of emotions, and full of sustenance.
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