At present, the earliest stone carving we can see in the Western Han Dynasty is "Minister Carved Stone with Yeast" (Figure 2.6), which was carved in the sixth year of Emperor Wendi of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 158). This stone carving bears the legacy of Qin Zhuan, with a generous shape change and a heavy and clumsy atmosphere. Lu Qing Zeng Xiang's "Correction of Eight Qiongshi Inscriptions": "From the pen posture, it seems to be different from Qin Zhuan. The word' bingyin' is folded when the pen is turned, which is official. " That is to say, the writing of this kind of carved stone seal script combines the radicals and structural features of some official scripts, and the overall shape is square, and the turning points in the strokes are mostly replaced by square folds, which is a remarkable overall feature that distinguishes most Han seal scripts from Qin Xiao seal scripts. The inscription on the tomb of Feng Junru, Yin Da, Yuping in Xin Mang period (Figure 2.7) is similar to that of Shu Ming, Zhang Bosheng, and belongs to the typical seal script of Han Dynasty. The overall shape is square and flat, and the radical structure is obviously divided into two types: the straight line connection forms a square structure, and the curve winding forms a circular structure, which constitutes a sharp contrast. At the same time, the whole glyph and radical structure are not completely symmetrical, but staggered, forming a clumsy visual effect, which is not clever.
In the Han Dynasty, mature official script was also used in stone carving, but compared with the ink of bamboo slips and silk scripts, the unique wave strokes of official script were not emphasized in the carving process, which made the official script in the stone carving in the Western Han Dynasty show more characteristics of seal script structure and brushwork, and generally speaking, it was more primitive, clumsy and powerful. 1992 The inscription stone (about 1 15, Figure 2.8) unearthed from the tomb of Liu Zhu, King of Chu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty in Guishan, Xuzhou, was carved with the popular official script at that time, but it was linear, spicy and mottled due to natural peeling and years of weathering. 1970 The stone carving of Luwangya Tomb of the Western Han Dynasty in Jiulong Mountain, Qufu, Shandong Province (Figure 2.9) was carved from the first year of the Western Han Dynasty (the first 88 years) to the third year of Ganlu (the first 5 1 year). Chisels are decisive and natural, straight and unsmooth hair. The structure is based on square folding and slightly round. The font style (Figure 2. 10) of the stone carving in Wufeng two years in the Western Han Dynasty is completely consistent with the official script at that time. However, due to the weathering of stone carvings over the years, stippling is naturally dispersed, and the line texture is completely different from the smooth ink of bamboo slips and silk books. Fang Shuo's "Inscription and Postscript on Stone Paintings and Calligraphy in Pillow Classics Hall" commented on Shi Yun at this time: "Every word is muddy and ancient, and looking at the monument in the Eastern Han Dynasty is like looking up at the towering peaks, overlooking it. The words are between prints. " Similarly, Lai Zihou's stone carving (Figure 2. 1 1) is similar to the official script of bamboo slips of the same period, with a slight meaning of seal cutting. The first few lines are mainly horizontal and vertical, and the body trend is relatively flat. The last few lines gradually strengthen the diagonal lines and vividly fluctuate. Because of the stone carving, the lines are more vigorous and clumsy, the structure is more straight and open, so the pattern is more atmospheric. At this time, this stone was highly praised by historians after it was discovered during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. In the late Qing Dynasty, Yang Shoujing's "Comment on Monuments" said: "It's simply vigorous. The existence of Han Li is the oldest and highest. " Fang Shuo's inscription on the stone paintings and calligraphy of Pillow Classics Hall: "Taking seal as an official, the structure is simple and elegant." In Qing Dynasty, epigraphy calligraphers always thought that these carved stones in the Western Han Dynasty were seal scripts, which were more primitive than the famous tablets in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In fact, in addition to the obvious seal script structure still remaining in the official script of the Western Han Dynasty, it is also related to the mottled and vigorous style formed by the engravers who did not deliberately express the meaning of wave plate and weathering over the years.