Nationality: China.
Place of birth: Wujin Shangdian
Date of birth: 1633
Date of death: 1690
Occupation: painter, calligrapher
(Historical lishixinzhi.com) (Historical lishixinzhi.com) Major achievements: one of the masters of Changzhou painting school; One of the six families in Qing Dynasty
Representative Works: The Story of the Lotus Pavilion
Cloud basic information
Yun Ge, word,No. Nantian,No. Yunxiwaishi, lived in the east of the city late,No. Dongyuan Yicao, and then moved to Baiyundu,No. Baiyuwaishi. He was a famous painter and calligrapher in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, who created a unique painting style of boneless flower-and-bird painting and was the founder of Changzhou Painting School. He lived in an era of extremely sharp ethnic contradictions all his life. When I was young, I studied painting with my uncle. Joined the anti-Qing rebellion as a teenager. The family was ruined and became a prisoner, and was accepted as an adopted son by the governor of Zhejiang and Fujian. I used to be a monk in Lingyin Temple. After I went back, I sold paintings for a living and always supported my father. He, together with Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Hui, Wang, is called "the Six Schools of Qing Dynasty". His landscape paintings are beginners of Huang Yuan, Wang Gong and Wang Meng, and he was deeply impressed. He also painted flowers, animals and insects by boneless method, claiming to inherit Xu Chongsi's boneless flower method. His creative attitude is rigorous, and he believes that "only similarity can be vivid." "Every time you draw a flower, it will be folded into a vase inserted inside. If you try your best to describe it, it will be fragrant and vivid. " His painting method is different, that is, "chalk is stained with oil paint, and then pen is stained with oil paint", which created a "cloud-style" flower painting style with transparent brushwork, bright colors and elegant style and became a master of a generation. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, flower-and-bird painting was regarded as a "decent sketch", and its influence spread across the country. Historical records record that "in recent days, regardless of the north and south of the Yangtze River, every family has a southern sky and every uncle, so it has the eye of' Changzhou School'".
The landscape paintings of Yunnan Tian were first learned by Huang and Wang Meng in Yuan Dynasty. Their landscape paintings are calm and profound, and they are called "Qing Six Schools" with Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Yi and Wang. His landscape paintings don't allow the "Four Kings" to downplay, but send the aftermath to places that are leisurely, dry and strange, each with its own pattern, where the "Four Kings" have not been. In the 28th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1689), Yunnan Tian left home to sell paintings in Hangzhou. In May of the following year, the trustee bought two tombs in Hangzhou and decided to bury his father's coffin on the lake, thus fulfilling his lifelong wish. He was so eager to raise money that he got sick and painted. He returned to Changzhou on March 17th, and died the next day at the Lotus Pavilion in Baiyundu, at the age of 58. A generation of talented masters silently ended a bumpy life.
The Life of the Characters in Yun's Works
Yunnan Tian's aristocratic family is diligent and studious. Yunnan Tianjia is a noble family in Wujin, and great-grandfather Shao Fang is a scholar of Ming Jiajing. Grandpa Yun is waiting. He was a Guo Jian Zi in imperial academy (the highest institution of learning in the Ming Dynasty) during Wanli period. My father was a tribute student in Chongzhen for six years at the beginning of the new year in Japan, while Liu Shizhou, a university student, participated in the anti-Qing movement and then went to the countryside to give lectures. Tang Boyun was a famous landscape painter in Ming Dynasty. He abandoned his official position and retired in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen. Tang Bochu, a scholar in the thirty-second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, served as the provincial judge of Huguang (director of the provincial public security department) and led troops to participate in the anti-Qing movement. My uncle was a magistrate of a county during the Chongzhen period. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, he abandoned his official position and fled into an empty door, traveling around. Because most of Mr. Nantian's ancestors were celebrities with moral integrity, this noble family received a good education from an early age. He was very clever since he was a child. "At the age of eight, he sang lotus flowers into sentences, which surprised the teachers." This is an important condition for him to become a famous painter later. At the age of eleven, my father was dissatisfied with political corruption in the late Ming Dynasty and took two children to live in seclusion in Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang Province. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, they massacred in Yangzhou, Jiangyin and Hangzhou. Nantian fled to Fuzhou with his father and brother, and his father participated in the armed anti-Qing movement in Fuzhou. Fuzhou was captured by the Qing army, and Nantian fled to Guangzhou with his father and brother, traveling thousands of miles and being displaced from place to place. After Wang Qi, the general of Fujian Jianning Rebel Army, arrived in Guangzhou, he invited Nantian's father to Jianning to discuss the anti-Qing plan. After his father received the letter, he made an unannounced visit to Jianning from Nantian, thinking that "there are still flowers here, and the soldiers are strong and rich." Stealing the prince, the husband of the stone. "At that time, Nantian was only fifteen years old, but he already had a high political insight. Through his judgment, his father and brother joined the rebels in Jianning. After arriving in Jianning, Brother Nantian died in the anti-Qing War. The Qing army besieged Jianning 100 with 60,000 troops and was captured. Wang Qi committed suicide in the street fighting, and his second brother didn't know what to do. His father survived because he went out for help, and has been separated for many years. Nantian was not killed after being captured and began a painful slave life. Later, he accidentally became the adopted son of Jin Chen, a general of the Qing army and governor of Fujian and Zhejiang. What's going on here? In his later poems, we know that this is related to a brothel woman. The brothel woman was a singing and dancing prostitute in Jianning City at that time. After Jianning City was broken, she was taken in by the governor. At that time, the Governor's wife wanted to make some jewelry, but she invited some painters to draw jewelry patterns, and she was not satisfied. Knowing that Nantian's paintings were very good, prostitutes in Caballe recommended Nantian to paint for the Governor's wife. The governor's wife saw that he was "handsome, easy to advance and retreat", with outstanding personality and just childless. She always wanted to adopt a child, so she was overjoyed and saved a child. In this way, Nantian changed from a prison camp to the son of the governor.