Budeze brings glory to all things in spring. The ancient Chinese Yuefu poem "Long Song Xing"
Spring grass grows in the pond, and the willows in the garden turn into songbirds. Xie Lingyun of the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty "Climb the Pond and Go Up the Tower"
The water in the lake is clear in February, and the spring birds are singing in every house. Tang Yu Haoran's "Nine Phases of the Happy King in Spring"
If the spring grass is sentimental, there is still green in the mountains. Tang Li Bai's "Kinmen Reply to Su Xiucai"
The fragrant trees are left without flowers, and the birds are chirping all the way up the spring mountain. Tang Li Hua's "Spring Journey Improvisation"
Just like the spring breeze deceives each other, the night comes and blows several branches of flowers. Tang Du Fu's "Nine Quatrains" 》
The spring breeze is green again on the south bank of the river. When will the bright moon shine on me again? Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty "Mooring the Boat on Guazhou"
The swallows do not return. It is late in spring, and the apricot blossoms are cold in the misty rain. Dai Shulun of the Tang Dynasty "Su wrote about the moon
Looking at the moon on the fifteenth night (Wang Jian)
Crows roost in the white trees in the atrium, and the cold dew wets the sweet-scented osmanthus silently.
Tonight the moon is bright as far as the eye can see, and I don’t know who is missing my autumn thoughts.
Guan Shanyue (Li Bai)
The bright moon rises out of the Tianshan Mountains, among the vast sea of ??clouds.
The wind blows tens of thousands of miles across Yumen Pass.
The Han Dynasty descended to the Baideng Road, and the Hu took a peek at the Qinghai Bay.
The land was conquered, but no one returned.
The garrison guests looked at the border towns, thinking about returning home with many sad faces.
The tall building is like this night, and I have no time to sigh.
Drinking alone under the moon (Li Bai)
A pot of wine among the flowers, drinking alone without any blind date.
Toast a glass to the bright moon, and look at each other as three people.
The moon does not know how to drink, but its shadow follows me.
While the moon is about to be shadowed, we must have fun until spring.
My singing moon lingers, my dancing shadows are scattered.
They make love together when they are awake, but they separate when they are drunk.
We will travel together forever, and we will meet each other in Miao Yunhan.
Ye Si (Li Bai)
There was a bright moonlight in front of the bed, and it was suspected to be frost on the ground.
Look up at the bright moon and lower your head to think about your hometown.
Moonlight Night (Liu Fangping)
The moonlight is deeper than half of the house, and the Beidou is tilted to the south.
Tonight I know that the spring air is warm, and the sound of insects is new through the green window screen.
Chang'e (Li Shangyin)
The candle shadow on the mica screen is deep, and the long river gradually sets and the dawn stars sink.
Chang'e should regret stealing the elixir, and her heart will be filled with blue sea and blue sky every night.
The moon on the night of August 15th (Du Fu, Tang Dynasty)
The full moon flies into the bright mirror, returning to the heart to fold the sword.
Wandering around the earth is far away, climbing the osmanthus and looking up to the sky.
There is suspicion of frost and snow on the waterway, and feathers can be seen in the forest.
Looking at the white rabbit at this time, I want to count the hair.
Reminiscing about my brother-in-law (Du Fu) on a moonlit night
The sound of drums interrupting the pedestrian movement is heard by the sound of wild geese in the autumn.
The dew is white tonight, and the moon is bright in my hometown.
My brothers are all scattered, and I have no family to ask about life and death.
The letter sent was not delivered, but the troops did not stop.
Looking at the Moon and Huaiyuan (Zhang Jiuling)
The bright moon rises on the sea, and the end of the world is at this time.
Lover complains about the distant night, but lovesickness arises at night!
When the candle is extinguished, it is filled with pity and light, and when I put on my clothes, I feel the dew.
I can’t bear to give it away, but I still have a good night’s sleep.
Shuangyue (Li Shangyin)
When I first heard that Zhengyan has no cicadas,
A hundred-foot-high water reaches the sky.
The young girl Su'e can withstand the cold.
She fights with Chanjuan in the frost in the middle of the moon.
There is a pregnant woman under the moon at autumn night (Meng Haoran)
The bright moon hangs in the autumn sky, moistened by the dew.
The startled magpies have not settled yet, and the flying fireflies roll in behind the curtain.
The cold shadows of the locust tree in the courtyard are sparse, and the neighboring pestle sounds urgently at night.
How long the good times are! Standing looking at the sky.
Playing with the Moon in Taoyuan on the 15th night of August (Liu Yuxi, Tang Dynasty)
My heart feels free when I see the moon in the dust, especially in the Qingqiu Fairyland.
The condensed light and long cold dew fall, standing on the highest mountain at this time.
There are no clouds in the blue sky, and there is no wind, and there are pines growing on the mountains and water flowing down from the mountains.
Looking at the group of animals leisurely, the sky is as high as the sky and the sky is thousands of miles apart.
The young master led me to the jade altar and invited me to the real immortal official.
The clouds are about to move under the stars, and Tianle makes a sound that makes his muscles and bones feel cold.
The golden clouds and clouds gradually move eastward, and the shadows of the wheel are still seen frequently.
Beautiful scenery and good times are hard to come by again, so he should feel melancholy on this day.
Mid-Autumn Moon (Yan Shu)
Ten rounds of frost shadows turn around the courtyard. This night, people are alone in the corner.
It is not necessarily that Su'e has no regrets about the jade toad and the cold osmanthus flower.
Mid-Autumn Moon (Su Shi)
The dusk clouds have collected and overflowed with the clear cold, and the silver man turned the jade plate silently.
This life and this night will not last long. Where can I see the bright moon next year?
Looking at the Moon in the Pavilion on the Night of August 15th (Tang Bai Juyi)
On the night of August 15th in the past year, I was at the apricot garden beside the Qujiang Pool.
On the night of August 15th this year, in front of the Shatou Water Museum in Penpu.
Looking to the northwest, where is my hometown? To the southeast, I can see how full the moon is.
No one could catch the wind yesterday, but tonight the light is as clear as in previous years.
Waiting for the Moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival (Lu Guimeng)
The lack of frost has turned to the late good wind, which seems to be a good time.
The curtains are leaning and the trees are separated from each other by infinite candles and the faint fragrance remains. Sit without hesitation
I love Sheng tunes and listen to the music in the north. I gradually see the stars and lose the South Kei
Who is the school's cool force and the power of the school is about to decrease at the beginning of the year and at noon
Tianzhu Temple Eight Guizi on the night of the 15th day of the lunar month (Tangpi day off)
The jade stone fell under the moon wheel and was found in front of the palace.
Nothing happens in heaven so far, it should be thrown to people by Chang'e.
"Seeing the Moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival and Ziyou" by Su Shi of the Song Dynasty
The bright moon is not yet high in the mountains, and the auspicious light is thousands of feet long.
The silver cup is not empty yet, and the chaotic clouds break away like crashing waves.
Whoever washes his eyes for God should use thousands of dendrobium water from Minghe River.
So I looked coldly at the people in the world, and I couldn't bear to look at Zhanran.
The sparks in the southwest are like projectiles, and the horns and tails are bright and clear.
Tonight I can’t see anything, but the fireflies are fighting to clear away the cold.
Who made a boat in Bian yesterday? Thousands of lights made fish and dragons change at night.
Turning and carelessly chasing the waves, going to the festival with a low head and following the song board.
The green light disappears before turning around the mountain, and the waves and winds will not be strong again.
The bright moon is easy to be low and people are easy to disperse. When you return to drink, you will pay more attention to it.
The moonlight in front of the hall becomes clearer and clearer, and the throat is cold and the grass is dew.
No one is around when the roller blinds are pushed open. Only Old Chu is mute under the window.
Don’t be ashamed of poverty in Nandu, and there are several people who write poems about the moon.
The personnel affairs of the Ming Dynasty follow the sunrise, and suddenly I have a dream of a Yaotai guest.
Climb the tower and look at the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival (Song Dynasty Mi Fu)
The Huaihai Sea is as full as silver, and thousands of rainbow lights nurture the treasures of clams.
If there is no moon door in the sky, the osmanthus branches will support the westward wheel.
Nizhuang Mid-Autumn Festival (Yuan Haowen)
The days are too thin and the clothes are narrow and the autumn is already cold
Children look back at each other and remember how difficult it is to travel
The sound of dew flowing into the thatched cottage stream is noisy on the stone beach
I have never seen the moon from night to dawn in the mountains
Ten landscape poems
View of Sanshan Island in the rain The sea
The sound of gulls blowing dreams around the rocks,
The cool breeze wraps the white smoke in the face.
The spring rain is falling, the clouds are like black ink,
The fish and dragon are about to make waves and shake the sky.
Xingcha has passed away for three thousand years,
The sea city has been empty for forty years.
Looking back half a lifetime is like a blink of an eye,
Who in life will reach the mulberry field?
The sun sets in Yueyang in late autumn
The lake and the sea are full of greenness,
The clouds and dreams come again to look at the vast ocean.
Autumn comes to Chu, and Xiao Shuang is born,
The tide spreads to the Jingtian and enters the vague.
Looking down at the rise and fall of our homeland, we are saddened.
I ponder my sorrows and joys until the setting sun.
The west wind blows the yellow leaves,
The emperor's son does not come to smoke and the water is cool.
On an autumn night beside the pines and flowers,
The refreshing sound of the air makes the dry clouds lighter,
The hazy mountain shadows appear at night.
There is no need to hurt the geese when traveling together.
Why do we need to cry when we are transformed into earth?
The stars are brighter than the autumn moon,
The water is as white as frost and the river is horizontal.
Everywhere my heart desires is empty and spacious,
It is a vast expanse with thousands of emotions.
A question about returning home
After singing, the spring breeze winds around the beams,
The banquet on the balcony spreads the fragrance of wine traces.
The city is intoxicated by the lights of thousands of houses,
The sound of the river enters the cool night.
A wanderer becomes a prodigal without intention,
My hometown is as changeable as a foreign country.
Every year we get together for a short time like socializing,
Who makes us return and sail far away?
The riverside
The riverside is full of clear sand for ten miles,
The rainy feet and clouds are my home.
A leaf of tung tree flies cold and has faith,
The people in the lone boat are talking about the early sunset.
I once looked at the world with cold eyes,
I wrote the autumn hairs alone as plain flowers.
The intention is always self-suffering,
Don’t be surprised that pictures are life.
Wandering across Taihu Lake at night
I heard about the beauty of Taihu Lake in the past,
Now I am crossing the water of Taihu Lake.
The bright moon rises from Dongshan,
The breeze rises at the end of the day.
The water and the moon are extremely clear and clear,
The scenery is so charming.
Xi Shi cannot be obtained,
I only envy the barbarians.
My thoughts are in Xiaoxiang,
In memory of Lan and Zhi.
The journey was too hurried,
The smoke was vast.
Wulingyuan
The Wei and Jin Dynasties have passed away,
The clear stream is still pitiful.
I came to visit Hanman,
My hair is beautiful.
If you have land to escape the Qin Dynasty,
There is no way to find Shun Tian.
The country is still there,
Thousands of years of wind and rain have passed.
Visit Lushan Xiufeng Temple
I have heard for a long time that the mountain is the best,
come here to evoke the soul of poetry.
The warm fragrance of flowers makes you dream,
The cool green of banana soaks the door.
The water flows through the bamboo shadows,
The rocks are broken and curled with moss marks.
Standing and looking at the waterfall among the clouds,
I am leisurely ready to turn into a Kun.
Go boating on the lake at night
The flat lake is thousands of hectares wide,
one peak stands alone.
The autumn mirror hangs over the pale clouds,
I sit lightly on the jade pot.
The smoke and light are all over the earth,
The color of the water is close to the sky.
If you want to get drunk, you can still call out from across the boat.
Walking in the boat at night in Xunyang
The moon is rising and the stars are still hanging in the night,
The sound of the flute and the dream are passing over Xunyang.
Fish and dragon accompany me back to the rivers and seas,
Deers and horses are pointed to the temple by people.
I am ashamed to live in the tent of peach and plum trees.
I want to fish in Shuiyun Township with one pole.
Can I play the pipa in my heart?
Looking at the mountains and rivers, the road is long.
Five Landscape Poems
Niannujiao/Huangshan
The sky is far away, and the stars and rivers are traceless, and the sky is high
High and vast. The seventy-two peaks offer beautiful scenery, full of green peaks
as far as the eye can see. Hundreds of miles of hanging ladders, thousands of rocks and waterfalls, and thousands of valleys shaking with the sound of the wind. Floating mist, clear blue, suddenly
Poetry is in full swing!
There was a capital city under my feet, with rainbows and rain falling, and sometimes I could hear Luan singing. Pointing to the battleground between Chu and Wu in the distance, one can see a smooth river as flat as the palm of a hand, a few floating clouds, eyes dim
bright, looking up at the peaks, don’t say anything about going back, and
Look at the red sun heading west!
Nian Nujiao/Suzhou
Blow the flute and shake the oar, and come to Gusu to express the spiritual energy of the country
The rain is moist, the smoke is thick, the spring water is flowing, and it is full of poetry
It is full of love and picturesqueness. Looking for fragrance in Taowu, leaving dreams on Maple Bridge,
washing one's feet in the waves, outside the sound of pounding clothes, Wu Nong's words are as soft as water.
You should laugh at the Spring and Autumn Period of Wu and Yue, the king wants to dominate the industry and has nothing
This is really child's play. The wind and the moon are always new through the ages, this is just an extra article. Xizi style, Donglin talent
tune, flowing rhyme and singing. Three flowers and plants, how many people can understand the true flavor!
Shui Tiao Ge Tou/Taihu Lake
The dream of Taihu Lake has been carried for two years, and the autumn of Taihu Lake will last forever.
The best smoke and water in the south of the Yangtze River has been around for thousands of years.
Silently soft
like a virgin, moving wildly like a galloping horse, all things roaring
eyes. The sun and the moon depend on their movements, and the heaven and earth rise and fall.
The water is beyond the clouds, the willow bank is on the bank, and I can climb the building alone. Lifting a cup
Thinking back to Wu and Yue, the hegemony touches China. The most beloved hero
The children have given up their career as kings and joined hands in the boat.
The lake and the mountains are still there, who will continue to be romantically involved?
Die Lianhua/Diao Xue Tao's Tomb
There are thousands of thoughts in the guest house, and the pipa and pian in the door and lane are moving
The autumn mood is moving. The broken stele in the ancient well is filled with tears, and who can give it to me?
A generation is astonishingly talented and outstanding, and the whole world is in a daze. Who
knows the pain of being lost? Looking around the vast expanse, the only thing I feel is sadness, the setting sun is still there
I am near the deserted tomb.
A section of Wushan Cloud/The place where Du Fu recited poems in the West Pavilion of Fengjie
The river is roaring with anger, and the Kui Gate reaches the palm of your hand. Looking to the God of Spring
The woman is silent and silent in the daytime and darkness.
The cockleburs are rare and hard to find, and the gentleman only has half a meal. Xiaoxiaoluo
Wishan is under the trees, and the grass is harsh and cold.
Answer: Chinese Dragon No. 1 - Magic Apprentice Level 5-14 12:00
The representatives of the landscape pastoral school are Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, and Chen Ziang
Wang Wei is a representative figure of the landscape pastoral school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He inherited and carried forward the landscape poetry pioneered by Xie Lingyun and became unique, bringing the achievement of landscape pastoral poetry to its peak and playing an important role in the history of Chinese poetry. Wang Wei also has excellent works in other aspects. Some reflect military and frontier life, some show chivalry, and some expose current abuses. Some short poems to say farewell to relatives and friends and write about daily life, such as "Send Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi", "Lovesickness", "Remembering Shandong Brothers on September 9th", "Send Shen Zi Blessed Return to Jiangdong", etc., have been recited from ancient to modern times. These small poems are all five or seven unique poems, with sincere feelings and sincere words, no need for decoration, and a simple and profound beauty. They are comparable to the quatrains of Li Bai and Wang Changling, and represent the highest achievement of quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His composed poems, hymns and poems promoting Buddhism occasionally contain famous poems and lines, but most of them are not worth mentioning. Wang Wei had the highest attainments in Wulu and Wulu and Qijue. He was also good at other genres and was very prominent in the poetry world of the Tang Dynasty. Its seven rhythms are either majestic and gorgeous, or pure and elegant, which are the imitations of the Seven Sons of the Ming Dynasty. The seven ancient forms are in order and the momentum is flowing. The prose is quiet, meaningful, and very poetic, such as "Discussing with Pei Xiucai in the Mountains". Wang Wei enjoyed great fame both before and after his lifetime, and was known as the "Tianwen Sect" and the "Poetry Buddha". It has a huge impact on future generations.
It is precisely because he often views everything with the eyes of a Zen practitioner that his poems have a kind of tranquility, clarity, and joy that other poets cannot match. Especially when he describes the moment-to-moment dynamic phenomena in nature, they are so pure and quiet, full of Zen charm, such as: "People are leisurely, osmanthus flowers are falling, the night is quiet in the spring mountain sky. The moonrise scares the birds, and they sing in the spring stream." "("Birds Song") "In the rustling autumn rain, the pomegranates splashed in the waves, and the egrets fell back in surprise" ("Luan Jia Lai") and the famous sentence "The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring rocks flow up." "Mountain Dwelling in Autumn"), etc., often clear the minds of readers and give people endless reveries of tranquility and tranquility.
2. Meng Haoran
Poet of the Tang Dynasty. A native of Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Xiangfan, Hubei), he was known as Meng Xiangyang in the world. In the first half of his life, he mainly stayed at home, attended to his relatives and read, and adapted himself to poetry. He once lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. At the age of 40, he traveled to the capital, but failed to win the imperial examination and returned to Xiangyang. When he was in Chang'an, he had close friendship with Zhang Jiuling and Wang Wei. There is a poem title. Later, he roamed around Wu and Yue, exploring the mountains and rivers to relieve the frustration of his official career. He died of illness due to excessive feasting and eating fresh food. Most of Meng Haoran's poems are five-character short stories with a wide range of themes. They mostly write about landscapes, countryside, seclusion, travel, etc. Although it is not without cynicism, it is more of the poet's self-expression. He and Wang Wei said that although his poetry was not as broad as Wang's poetry, he had unique artistic attainments and was the forerunner of the pastoral landscape poetry school that flourished in the Tang Dynasty after Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, and Xie Tiao. Meng's poems are not ornamental, they are light and simple, feel cordial and real, have a strong flavor of life, and are full of wonderful contentment. For example, chapters such as "Walking to the Mountains in Autumn to Send Five Pieces", "Passing to an Old Friend's Village", and "Spring Dawn" are light but interesting, integrated, elegant in charm, and clear in artistic conception.
Meng's poems are based on the clear and open water, but there is a strong and elegant atmosphere in the water. For example, in the couplet "Looking at Dongting Lake and presenting it to Prime Minister Zhang", "The steam is steaming over the clouds and the dream lake, and the waves are shaking Yueyang City". It is full of energy and overlooks everything. . But this kind of poem is rare in Meng poetry. Generally speaking, the content of Meng's poems is thin and it is difficult to avoid being embarrassed by its length. The current "Meng Haoran Collection" contains 263 poems, but there are other people's works.
"An old friend brought chickens and millet and invited me to Tian's house. The green trees border the village, and the green hills and mountains slant outside. I opened a pavilion and a garden, and drank wine and talked about mulberry and hemp. On the Double Ninth Festival, I came to bring chrysanthemums. ". Green trees, green hills, cottages, fields, mulberry trees and hemp are harmoniously blended together. This is a beautiful and peaceful pastoral landscape painting with a fresh earthy smell and a strong sense of life. The poem here is "too bland to be invisible" (Wen Yiduo's "Meng Haoran"), but there is no lack of tranquil artistic beauty and simple beauty of life that are deeply integrated into the flesh and blood of the entire poem. Meng Haoran seemed to have found a sense of refuge here. The poet finally forgot all the setbacks he encountered in his political pursuit, the gains and losses of fame and fortune, and even the loneliness and depression in seclusion. His thoughts finally relaxed, and even the poet's actions became flexible and comfortable. Nature shows its conquering power here.
I sleep in spring without waking up, and hear birds singing everywhere. How many flowers have fallen to the sound of wind and rain at night? "These four lines of poetry are the works of Meng Haoran who have reached both artistic and spiritual realms. "How much do you know about the sound of wind and rain at night and the falling flowers? Wang Guowei commented that Li Yu's words "have the meaning of Sakyamuni Christ bearing the sins of mankind." Meng Haoran's two lines of poems also contain a great and deep emotion. "His emotion is similar to the emotion of all things." "**Ming", there is a deep sympathy for the universe and life. This poem expresses the highest profound heart and the greatest romance. This is the most natural poem, the sound of nature. Meng Haoran is happy, he puts his own The realm of life has changed from the realm of utilitarianism to the realm of heaven and earth, from self to selflessness. Although he experienced ups and downs during this period, he finally came to an end.
Bland: Bland is different from mediocrity and tastelessness, it is deep emotion and richness. The thoughts are expressed in simple language, full of emotion, so they are often plain and thoughtful. As Wang Anshi said: What seems plain is the most amazing, but it is easy but difficult to achieve.
The most common thing is plainness. Tao Yuanming, there are not many people who can write poems that are plain. Li Yu's words are definitely not plain. On the contrary, they have a strong inspirational power.
Chen Zi'ang: (661-702), courtesy name Boyu. He was born in Shehong, Zizhou (now part of Sichuan). He was born in a wealthy family and was rarely known as a knight. He later entered Chang'an to travel to Taixue. He became a Jinshi in the early days of civilization and went to Zhangye to return to Zhangye. He also joined the army in the eastern expedition to Khitan and served as a military officer. After returning to Beijing, he still had many disagreements with him. He was falsely accused by the county magistrate and was imprisoned. He advocated the restoration of Han and Wei style. /p>
Answer: Yan Qi - Scholar Level 2 1-5 20:36
Wang Yue
Du Fu
How about Dai Zongfu, Qilu It's not green yet.
The clock of creation is beautiful, and the yin and yang are cut off at dusk. , a glance at the small mountains
The Bodhisattva Man Author: Wei Zhuang
Translated Text
Translated Text
Original Text
Original Text
Everyone who has been to the south of the Yangtze River says that the scenery of the south of the Yangtze River is infinitely beautiful. People who travel far away from home just want to grow old with the south of the Yangtze River. Listen to the sound of rain in the painted boat and fall asleep leisurely.
Everyone says that Jiangnan is good, and tourists only like Jiangnan. The spring water is blue in the sky, and it is like listening to the rain to sleep.
The girl selling wine by the fire is like a bright moon, her white wrists are like frost and snow. Young people should not go back to their hometown before they are old. If they do, they will definitely break their hearts.
The people around you are like the moon, and your wrists are frosty and snowy. Don’t return to your hometown before you are old. When you return home, you have to break your heart.
Drinking the first clear and then the rain on the lake
Author: Su Shi
It is better when the water is clear and clear, but the mountains are also strange when the sky is covered with rain.
If you want to compare the West Lake to the West, it is always suitable to wear light makeup and heavy makeup.
Give me the points and your QQ first. If you give me the points, I will give you all the pastoral and landscape poems! !
Some people and I are competing for a job. After 2 days, whoever scores higher will be able to serve as a supervisor in a company. I really need my scores now. Please help me! ! ! ! ! Please! ! !
Answer: liuweihao - Assistant Level 2 1-5 20:55
Wang Wei and Meng Haoran are of course recognized. In addition, Xie Lingyun should also count.
Answer: xinjuan - Tongsheng Level 1-5 21:01
Chapter 2 Poetry of the Sui Dynasty and Early Tang Dynasty
Section 1 Literature of the Sui Dynasty
1. After the unification of the Sui Dynasty, writers were basically composed of southerners and northerners. The main southerners included Jiang Zong, Xu Shanxin, Yu Shiji, Wang Zhou, Yu Zizhi, etc., and the northerners mainly wrote There are Lu Sidao, Yang Su, Xue Daoheng, etc. Literati from the north and the south entered the Sui Dynasty with different styles formed in their regional cultures, and gradually formed a convergence. In the process of harmony, it gradually developed in the direction of the Southern Dynasties that paid attention to diction and form. The writers with higher achievements are Lu Sidao, Yang Su and Xue Daoheng.
Section 2 Poems of the Early Tang Dynasty
1. Understand the court poets of the Early Tang Dynasty.
2. Master the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty" and other poets
In the early Tang Dynasty, some writers whose life experiences were different from those of the court poets showed different creative characteristics in their poetry creation. This type of poet is represented by Wang Ji and the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty".
1. Wang Ji
Wang Ji retired from official service during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. His poems were unique in the poetry world where court poetry was all the rage. He was also a pioneer of the landscape idyllic school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His "Passing a Restaurant", "Gift to Cheng Chutu", "Ambition", etc. already have the style of Tang poetry,
2. Focus on mastering the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty"
The creative activities of the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty" during the periods of Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu represented the ideological tendencies and creative spirits of the lower class literati. Their hearts were filled with the ideals and pride of helping the world and making contributions, as well as the anger of the lower-class literati who felt frustrated. Their main contributions to the evolution and development of Tang poetry:
(1) They were dissatisfied with the prevailing court poetry style in the poetry world at that time, criticizing it for "competing for delicate structures and competing for sculptures" and "having lost all their strength and strength." " (Yang Jiong's "Preface to Wang Bo's Collection"), and strived to create fresh and vigorous poetry, trying to break through and change this delicate, exquisite, gorgeous and gorgeous court poetry style.
(2) Their poetry creation also broke through the narrow content and subject matter scope of court poetry and moved towards a broader world of social life.
(3) Their poetry creation not only played a certain role in innovating the poetry style of the early Tang Dynasty, but also made useful explorations and contributions to the development of five-character poems and seven-character songs.
3. At the end of the early Tang Dynasty, Zhang Ruoxu composed a seven-character song "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night", which established his position as a great poet in the history of Tang Dynasty poetry. At the same time, Liu Xiyi's seven-character song "The Sad Pulsatilla" has also become a masterpiece that has been passed down through the ages.
Section 3 Chen Ziang
1. Master Chen Ziang’s theoretical propositions of poetry
Chen Ziang elaborated on his theoretical propositions of poetry in "Preface to Xiu Bamboo". On the one hand, he criticized the poetry creation since Qi and Liang Dynasties as "colorful and beautiful, but the excitement is overwhelming", denying this formalistic creative tendency. On the other hand, he advocated "the character of the Han and Wei dynasties" and "the sound of Zhengshi", and advocated that poetry creation should have "a high-spirited character, a sudden and frustrated tone, a bright and elegant temperament, and the sound of metal and stone", and should have an "elegance" spirit and "excitement" The connotation of "Send" is that poetry should reflect reality and have profound ideological content and a clear and vigorous artistic style. Chen Ziang's poetry theory is an innovation under the banner of retro.
2. Master Chen Ziang’s poetry creation
Chen Ziang’s poetry creation is the practice of his innovative ideas. His representative works include thirty-eight poems "Feelings of Encounter", "Deng Youzhou Taige", "Jiqiu Viewing the Ancients", etc. In terms of content, they reflect his true feelings about real life and his profound experience of life situations. Substantial ideological content.
In terms of art, it is contrary to the delicate and flashy poetic style of poetry creation since Qi and Liang Dynasties, and inherits the realist creative spirit and artistic techniques of "The Book of Songs", "The Style of Han and Wei" and "The Sound of Zhengshi". The language of his poetry is simple and concise, and the style is vigorous and vigorous. It consciously abandons and corrects the poetic style since Qi and Liang Dynasties, and indeed has the legacy of Jian'an and Zhengshi. In terms of expression techniques, he made good use of Bixing sustenance and implemented his idea of ??"Xingzhi". Chen Zi'ang's theoretical propositions and creative practice completely abandoned the ostentatious habits and opened up the right path for the development of Tang poetry.
[Reading List of Works]
Xue Daoheng: "People Think of Returning Every Day"; Wang Ji: "Ambition"; Wang Bo: *"Sending Du Shaofu to Ren Shuchuan", *"Tengwang Pavilion" "Preface"; Lu Zhaolin: "Ancient Meanings of Chang'an"; Luo Binwang: * "Singing Cicadas in Prison", "Biography of Li Jingye to the World"; Yang Jiong: "Walking in the Army"; Zhang Ruoxu: * "Moonlight Night on the Spring River"; Chen Zi'ang: " "Poems of Feelings" (Lan Ruosheng in spring and summer, Dinghai in the clouds at dusk), * "Song of Dengyouzhou Terrace".
Chapter 3: The Landscape Pastoral Poetry School and the Frontier Poetry School in the Tang Dynasty
Section 1: The Landscape Pastoral Poetry School
1. The emergence and characteristics of the Landscape Pastoral Poetry School
1． During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the society was stable, the national power was strong, and the society's politics, economy, and culture were all-roundly prosperous. The wealthy material life of the literati and officials provided conditions for traveling and admiring the mountains and rivers. Buddhism and Taoism are popular in society. Taoism advocates nature and pursues returning to simplicity, as well as the Buddhist Zen state of pure mind and clarity, which provides a cultural and aesthetic psychological foundation for poetry. The reclusive feelings of literati are also closely related to the formation of landscape pastoral poetry. However, at this time, they did not hide for the sake of being hidden, but formed a cultural mentality of yearning for nature, pursuing transcendence and independence, and advocating natural aesthetic taste. In addition, the creation of pastoral poems and landscape poems since the Jin and Song Dynasties undoubtedly provided artistic reference.
2. The landscape pastoral poetry school is represented by Meng Haoran and Wang Wei, as well as Chu Guangxi, Chang Jian, Zu Yong, Pei Di, Qi Wuqian and others. They inherited the creative tradition of pastoral poems and landscape poems written by Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, Xie Tiao and others since the Jin and Song Dynasties, and formed a poetry school with completely different themes and contents and similar artistic styles. Their poems depict natural landscapes and pastoral scenery, express their interest in returning to simplicity, enjoying themselves and cultivating their character, and express their leisurely and leisurely life in seclusion. Their poetry style is fresh and natural, the artistic conception is remote and leisurely, and the scenery described is exquisite and vivid, which improves the artistic skills of expressing natural scenery in poetry. They are a unique flower in the poetry art garden of the Tang Dynasty.
2. Wang Wei
1. Wang Wei is a representative writer of the landscape pastoral school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He has many literary and artistic talents and is proficient in painting, calligraphy and music. In his early years, Wang Wei was determined to achieve fame and success, and wrote many poems with vigorous style, broad realm, and full of heroic spirit. Most of them were poems about frontier fortresses and knight-errants, such as "Youth's Journey", "Journey to the Army", "Old General's Journey", "Longtou Yin", "Envoy to the Fortress", etc. However, it is the pastoral poetry that established its position in the history of poetry in the Tang Dynasty and best marked its poetic artistic achievements. The main content of his poems is to reflect pastoral hermit life and describe natural landscapes. Such as "Weichuan Tianjia", "Mountain Dwelling in Autumn", "Zhongnan Mountain", "Birdsong Stream", "Lu Chai", "Zhuli Pavilion", "Xinyiwu", etc., or write about the tranquility and ease of pastoral life, or Write about the tranquility and beauty of natural scenery.
2. The artistic characteristics of Wang Wei's landscape pastoral poetry:
(1) Wang Wei's landscape pastoral poetry is a high degree of unity of poetic sentiment and painting. Su Shi once commented: "When you taste the poems of Mojie, there are paintings in the poems; when you look at the paintings of Mojie, there are poems in the paintings." ("Dongpo Zhilin") He is good at discovering and capturing the image characteristics and states of natural scenery, so as to The painter's painting skills are used to compose the picture and select colors, and the poet's unique emotional experience, aesthetic feeling and spiritual realm of nature are integrated into the scenery, creating an elegant and beautiful artistic realm.
(2) Wang Wei’s landscape and pastoral poems, some of which are in a deep, silent and ethereal artistic realm, directly penetrate the observation of Zen Buddhism, which is the Zen spirit and Zen interest in the poetic realm. artistic expression.
(3) Wang Wei’s landscape pastoral poems have both the natural artistic realm of Tao Yuanming’s poems and the meticulous and exquisite writing of Xie Lingyun’s poems.
The language is fresh and lively, clean and concise, and is the perfect combination of simplicity and elegance. And language has extremely strong artistic expression.
2. Meng Haoran
1. Meng Haoran is a representative writer of the landscape pastoral poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, who is as famous as Wang Wei. He is the first poet in the Tang Dynasty to write a large number of landscape pastoral poetry. Most of his poems are landscape poems, either about the landscapes he saw during his travels or about the natural scenery in his hometown. The expressions of aloofness are often mixed with frustration, and the feelings of travel nostalgia and homesickness are incorporated into the self-entertainment with scenery. Such as "Staying on the Jiande River", "Giving to Prime Minister Zhang near Dongting Lake", "Thinking of Returning on the River", etc. His pastoral poems mainly describe the elegant feelings and leisurely life of seclusion. Such as "Passing the Old Friend's Village", "Wandering Jing Si Guan Hui Wang Baiyun Is Behind", etc.
2. The artistic characteristics of Meng Haoran's landscape and pastoral poems:
(1) The style of Meng Haoran's landscape and pastoral poems is mostly gentle and dilute, fresh and natural, not ornamental, but extraordinary. Shen Deqian commented: "Meng Haoran's poems are superior to human beings, and they have no intention of seeking craftsmanship. Their purity transcends the commonplace, and they are unexpected." ("Bie Cai of Tang Poetry") Wen Yiduo said: "It is so bland that you can't even see the poem, and that's the real Meng Haoran." Poems." ("Miscellaneous Comments on Tang Poems") His pastoral poems are plain, natural, simple and honest, and full of life. For example, in "Crossing the Old Friend's Village", the simple life of the farmers and the natural scenery of the countryside are expressed in light words. It is very natural and friendly, deeply influenced by Tao Yuanming's poetic style. However, some of Meng Haoran's landscape poems are also written with majestic atmosphere and broad realm, such as "A Presentation to Prime Minister Zhang at Dongting Lake".
(2) Meng Haoran's poems are light in language but rich in flavor, just as Shen Deqian said: "Xiangyang poetry is learned from tranquility, so the language is light but the flavor is not thin in the end." ("Tang Poetry Collection") He His poems are good at using plain language, integrating personal subjective feelings and emotional connotations, creating an artistic realm that is clear and far-away from vulgarity, and contains a strong poetic charm.
[Reading List of Works]
Meng Haoran: "A Presentation to Prime Minister Zhang at Dongting Lake", "Passing the Old Friend's Village", and "Spring Dawn". Wang Wei: "Weichuan Tianjia", "Mountain Dwelling in Autumn Twilight", "Zhongnan Mountain", "Watching Hunting", "Envoy to the Fortress", "Bird Song Stream", "Deer and Firewood", "Zhuli Pavilion", "Send Off" Yuan Er envoy Anxi".
Section 2: The Frontier Poetry School
1. The emergence and characteristics of the Frontier Poetry School
1. The Tang Dynasty had a strong national power and a vast territory, and the various ethnic groups in the inland and border areas had close political, military, economic and cultural exchanges. Border affairs increased and wars became frequent. The literati in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were mostly keen on fame and eager to display their talents and ambitions. Joining the army in the frontier fortress and serving the country became a new way for literati to seek fame, and they also longed for the novel frontier life and frontier fortress scenery. The poems about war campaigns, conquests of husbands and wives in previous dynasties, and the creation of frontier fortress poems in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties all provided creative reference for the rise of frontier fortress poems in the Tang Dynasty.
2. The representative writers of the Frontier Poetry School in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were Gao Shi and Cen Shen, as well as many other writers such as Wang Changling, Li Qi, Wang Zhihuan, Cui Hao, and Wang Han. The contents of frontier fortress poems mainly include: reflecting the hardships of war life at the frontier fortress and the various experiences of military life, as well as the sorrow of leaving for conscripts and missing their wives; expressing the heroic ambitions of serving the country and dissatisfaction with reality; describing the scenery and exotic customs of the frontier fortress. The artistic characteristics of frontier fortress poetry: the style of the poetry is bold, generous and sad, and the realm is broad, majestic and magnificent. Most of the excellent works of frontier fortress poetry include Yuefu song lines and five or seven character quatrains. Frontier poems develop themes and create artistic conception
2. High adaptability
1. Among Gao Shi's poems, Frontier Poetry has the highest creative achievement. His poems mainly express his thoughts on the experience of military life in the frontier fortress and his pursuit of the ideal of meritorious service in the frontier fortress. His representative work "Yan Ge Xing".
2. Gao Shi specializes in seven-character songs and five-character ancient poems. His style is majestic and tragic, simple and vigorous. Yin Fan commented: "Shi's poems are full of conjecture and spirit, so his writing is appreciated by both the government and the public." (Collection of Heyue Yingling) . His songs and ancient poems were influenced by the Yuefu and literati poems of the Han and Wei dynasties, as well as modern poetry. They are tactful and smooth, and pay attention to rhythm and antithesis.
3. Cen Shen
1. Cen Shen's frontier fortress poems are not only numerous in number, but also rich in content.
2. Cen Shen's poetry style is lively, unrestrained, majestic, elegant and steep. Yin Fan said that his "words are strange and the body is strong, and his meaning is also strange" ("Heyue Yingling Collection"). When Wang Shizhen compared the poetry styles of Gao and Cen, he said: "Gao is tragic and thick, while Cen is elegant and steep." ("Records of Poems of Masters and Friends") Cen Shen's poems have unique artistic imagination, brilliant colors, and expressive and exaggerated techniques. , making it full of romantic color. Cen Shen has excellent compositions in all styles, and is especially good at writing seven-character songs.
[Reading List of Works]
Meng Haoran: "Present to Prime Minister Zhang at Dongting Lake", *"Passing the Old Friend's Village", *"Spring Dawn"; Wang Wei: "Weichuan Tianjia" , * "Mountain Dwelling in Autumn Twilight", "Zhongnan Mountain", "Watching Hunting", * "Envoy to the Fortress", * "Bird Song Stream", "Deer Chai", "Zhuli Pavilion", * "Send Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi" 》.
Gao Shi: "Yan Ge Xing", "Fengqiu County"; Cen Shen: * "Bai Xue Ge Sends Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital", "Walking to Sichuan to Send Doctor Feng Off to the Western Expedition", "Feng Enters the Capital" "Envoy"; Wang Zhihuan: * "Climbing the Crane Tower", * "Liangzhou Ci"; Li Qi: "Ancient Military Journey"; Wang Changling: "Consistent Military Journey" (Part 1, Part 2), * "Going out of the fortress", "Guizhou" blame".
Chapter 4 Li Bai
Section 1 Li Bai’s life and thoughts
1. Understand Li Bai’s life and thoughts.
Section 2: The ideological content of Li Bai’s poems
Master the ideological content of Li Bai’s poems:
1. Express personal ideals and ambitions, the desire to make achievements, and ideals and feelings of frustration and resentment that wishes cannot be realized. Such as "Liang Fu Yin", "Ancient Style" (song 10), etc.
2. Care about the politics of reality, worry about the current situation and criticize the darkness of reality, as well as love for the people and concern for the people's livelihood.
3. Praise nature enthusiastically and express your own feelings. Li Bai loved to travel and get close to nature throughout his life, so he wrote a lot of travel poems about scenery. For example, "Farewell to Meng Haoran in Guangling", "Wanglu Mountain Waterfall", "Wangtianmen Mountain", "Early Departure from Baidi City", etc. all reflect the poet's aesthetic taste and emotional sustenance of nature.
Section 3 The Artistic Achievements of Li Bai’s Poems
Focus on the artistic achievements of Li Bai’s poems:
1. The style of Li Bai’s poems is majestic, elegant, truthful and natural . Mainly, but also presented in multiple dimensions. His romantic spirit of being noble and coquettish was creatively used with his personal artistic genius