Writing at the beginning: Everything is difficult at the beginning, so is writing a composition, but the beginning of the article is very important. Commonly used methods are: (1) background method: explain the time, place, scene and other background of the event. (2) Character method: explain the main characters or related characters to be described in the article. (3) Topic syntax: Put forward a viewpoint or argument as a topic to be clarified or discussed in the article. (4) questioning method: Asking questions leads to the content of the article and attracts readers' attention. (5) Amazing sense of language: Starting with sentences with amazing sense of language, arouse readers' interest. (6) Story method: spread the article in the form of storytelling, and spread the article on this basis. Mostly used in narrative and argumentative essays. (7) Data method: citing verified figures to cause topics. (8) Grammatical quotation: quote famous sayings or commonly used idioms and proverbs as the beginning of the article. (9) Definition method: it is common to define the topic first, and then explain it in detail through examples, logical reasoning and other methods. (10) Exaggeration: Attract readers on the premise that it is absolutely impossible (1 1) Description: It sets off the theme of the article from another aspect and leads to the following. (12) Set suspense: arouse readers' interest and sublimate the style of the article.
2. Writing of the text
(1) Deduction: From general to individual. Put the sentence with universality and generality at the beginning of the paragraph, and the other sentences in the paragraph are the concretization of the topic sentence and the concrete explanation of the topic sentence. (2) induction: from special to general. According to specific and individual cases, the general rules are summarized.
Step 3 write it at the end
(1) brief evaluation or conclusion: the last few sentences of the article summarize the full text, further affirming the central idea of the article or the author's point of view. (2) Anaphora sentence: Go back to the central idea or topic sentence of the article to achieve the effect of re-affirmation or emphasis. (3) Ending with a rhetorical question: Although the form is a question, the meaning is affirmative, with obvious emphasis, which can arouse readers' thinking. (4) Put forward a prospect or hope: put forward a prospect or hope for the future and call on readers to act on it. (5) Quote famous sayings, proverbs and common idioms at the end.
Edit this paragraph to improve your skills.
Writing ability is an important part of human language expression ability, so it is very important to cultivate students' writing ability in the process of Chinese teaching.
The writing of intermediate level students mainly has the following problems:
1, limited vocabulary, unable to express in detail: "My mother is a good mother, she is not only good to me, but also good to everyone. She is really a good mother. " Simple and repetitive words obviously limit the expressive power of language. 2. Limited expressive ability makes it difficult to organize an article with complete structure and coherent tone. Because students are not familiar with Chinese thinking habits and expression habits, when they transition from writing a single sentence to organizing an article and expressing it coherently in Chinese, they often feel inadequate, and the articles they write are often fragmented or unsatisfactory. I don't know what I wrote in the article. This is a very special phenomenon, which mostly happens to children in China. It seems that the text is orderly, but its author can't understand it. Why? Because the composition is written with the help of parents, choosing words and making sentences reflects parents' thinking. This kind of composition exercise doesn't work at all. 4. I dare not write a composition. Some students do well in reading, dictation and even sentence-making, but they almost give up their Chinese study for several years because they are afraid of writing. In front of such a teaching object, it seems that only explaining how to examine questions and how to organize materials is a drop in the bucket. Because they still have a series of obstacles to overcome before they start writing. If you don't help them overcome these obstacles, then writing can only be an armchair strategist. In teaching practice, I found that changing the writing procedure from "thinking-writing" to "thinking-speaking-writing" is one of the effective ways to help students overcome these obstacles. This change means that at this time, the focus of teaching for this specific group should not just stay on "writing", but should first do the first two steps: "thinking" and "speaking", that is, preparation and guidance before writing. Because these activities are student-centered, we can also call them "pre-practice before writing".
The pre-practice procedure before writing and its functions are as follows:
The focus of pre-practice before writing is to guide and help students to correctly say what they want to write in Chinese according to the requirements of a composition. The program of preview before writing and its function are as follows: 1. The preparation stage is actually the stage of "thinking". Before writing, arrange the topic and thinking outline of the composition in the form of homework, such as the composition "My favorite person/thing", and ask students to think in advance: Who/What? What are his/her characteristics? Why do you like her/it? Wait a minute. Due to the limited vocabulary of most students in middle and lower grades, it is difficult to express it directly in written form. Proper preparation can make students understand and be familiar with what they want to involve, especially some related words and expressions, thus ensuring the full discussion in class. At this stage, many students think with the help of their mother tongue first, and then translate it into Chinese. The influence of their mother tongue will leave traces more or less, thus affecting the expression effect of Chinese. Therefore, the following link is more necessary and important. 2. Oral composition and class discussion, that is, the stage of "speaking". It is to let students dictate their ideas in class, and then discuss them in class, and the teacher will comment on them. Every composition discussion should focus on topics and themes in terms of vocabulary, sentences and structure, determine several key points, solve problems step by step, and accumulate and improve bit by bit. The function of this activity link is as follows: (1) Improve students' overall expression ability through oral expression. Ye Shengtao once said: "oral words are words, and written words are words." Moon Jae in, not biased, because of its combination. " Any language is divided into "language" and "text". The expression of "language" is listening and speaking, and the essence is the use of language thinking. The expression of "Wen" is reading and writing, and its essence is the written expression of language thinking. The law of learning a language is "language" first, then "text". Oral English is the foundation, and students' written expression ability can only be developed on the basis of actual oral English training. (2) Successful "speaking" and "commenting" can help students build a small vocabulary in each writing exercise. For example, when writing "my favorite person/thing", students can be inspired to orally introduce their favorite person or thing on the basis of thinking: what is it like? What do you like about him/it? Write these words on the blackboard and explain them, such as words about the appearance of people/things, words about the character of people/things, words about the quality and behavior of people/things, etc. Then let the students read and remember. In this process, students have accumulated and established a small vocabulary, which not only clears the vocabulary barrier for the next step of writing, but also broadens their thinking, enhances the expression effect and improves their expression ability. (3) Chinese is difficult to learn, not only because Chinese characters are difficult to remember and write, but more importantly, the huge differences in expression and thinking habits between Chinese and Latin have caused students' confusion in using it. What we often encounter is that students can read and write, but they can't speak and write correct Chinese sentences. Such as: "I am Wei Ming, 16 years old"; "David and I will go to the bookstore first"; "We pulled over" and "I ran home". What's more, because I didn't understand China culture, I wrote the sentence "My friend is as kind and friendly as a dog". "Say" begins with oral expression, and through demonstration, explanation and correction, it trains its correct expression, word order and appropriate language, guides students to enter the real Chinese realm, and writes articles that conform to Chinese habits. (4) The training steps of speaking first and writing later are helpful to correct the primary mistakes in expression in time and achieve the effect of * * * improvement. Speaking in class in the form of discussion can give more students the opportunity to learn from others' strengths and be inspired by them. At the same time, due to the "amorphous" nature of oral expression, its revision is much easier than written writing. It allows students to make mistakes, correct each other, correct themselves and correct at any time. The problems exposed by teachers and students can be commented in time, and everyone can learn from them to avoid similar problems from appearing again in the composition. (5) Effective pre-practice before writing can help students overcome psychological barriers and improve their writing enthusiasm. As mentioned above, many students become afraid and hate writing because of poor writing, which leads to a vicious circle. In this link, through "speaking", every student is technically and psychologically prepared before writing. At this time of writing, students' self-confidence will be enhanced accordingly, and their enthusiasm will naturally be improved accordingly. When students can express their basic meaning orally in a more appropriate way, it will be a very good article to tell them how to write what they say, try to write down what they say, and then process and modify it. Practice has proved that this targeted training is very effective in improving students' Chinese writing level and expression level. The basis of improving writing level: quality training 1, improving writing interest and cultivating emotional writing psychology tells us that interest is the driving force to acquire knowledge, form skills and develop intelligence. Therefore, any form of teaching must strictly follow the principle of fun. Only when students have a strong interest in writing can the rapid training of writing be effective. Psychology also tells us that interest is related to current needs. Therefore, although there are various ways to improve students' interest in writing, one of the most important ones is to quickly educate students about the purpose of writing. If students soon realize the necessity of writing, they will have a strong interest in writing. In addition, writing questions should keep up with the situation, keep pace with the times, conform to students' real life and be as novel as possible, which can stimulate students' interest in writing and give them something to write. 2. The accumulation of writing materials should run through the whole rapid composition training, but it should be emphasized in the basic training stage. A clever woman can't cook without rice. Without writing materials, it is difficult for a good writer to finish writing an article. Therefore, students must be required to memorize by topic; Some typical materials, such as patriotism, party leadership, respect for knowledge, reform and opening up, building a clean government, learning from Lei Feng, etc. Every aspect should be remembered. The accumulation of materials, the teacher can only do guidance, let students find their own, not the whole class unified, the whole class unified, writing arguments will be the same. The accumulated materials should pay attention to three points: one is typical, the other is accurate, and the third is memory. Use your brain to remember, not just your notebook. The richer the material, the faster the writing speed. 3. Enrich the writing language If students are poor in language, they can't find suitable sentences to express themselves when writing. They often scribble, so they can't improve their writing speed. If you don't have a rich vocabulary, you can't write a word in the middle of writing or there are no suitable words to express your meaning, then your writing will get stuck, and of course you won't be able to write quickly. Therefore, the training of writing language and the accumulation of vocabulary are very important. One of the ways to enrich writing language is to recite and strengthen extracurricular reading. The more books you read and learn by heart, the smoother your composition will be, the more literary your language will be, and you won't always talk. Then it is to guide students to learn the lively language of the masses and overcome their accents. In addition, students should be guided to accumulate vocabulary, and writing can be handy and fast if vocabulary is rich. 4. Training writing ability Writing ability directly affects writing speed. Therefore, in order to implement fast composition teaching, we must strengthen the training of writing ability. Writing is not a calligraphy competition, and you don't need iron painting and silver hooks, but you can't dance with dragons and phoenixes. We require students to develop good writing habits and write clearly, regularly and neatly. The specific way is mainly to face the motorcycle copybook. Each student should have two copybooks, a block letter and a running script. Practice block letters first, then learn running script, and face motorcycles day after day. Perseverance will definitely get good results. In short, through quality training, students should want to write, love to write, have something to write and write fluently.
How to improve the level of composition
1, fine observation. Careful observation is the golden key to improve the writing level. Only by careful observation can we find broken jade from the mineral deposits of life phenomena and grab the shining treasure from the mixed sediment. Without mastering the golden key of "observation", the "iron gate" of composition will never get past. 2. Read more books. Extensive reading is the premise of improving the level of composition. To write a good article, you must read more books. "Reading is like a million volumes, and writing is like a god." "I am familiar with 300 Tang poems, and I can sing even if I can't write poems." We emphasize that we should not only read more, but also read selectively, and even more, we should read in and understand the structural skills and language characteristics of the articles we read. 3. Practice writing frequently. Regular writing practice is the key to improve writing level. Want to enter the door of composition, make continuous progress, and more importantly, practice more. As the saying goes, "it is better to write one than to read ten articles." This tells the truth that writing practice produces true knowledge. Keeping a diary is an effective way to practice writing. Keep a diary every day to lay a solid foundation for future writing. Use your imagination. 5. Read more books. 6. Learn from other people's good articles (not plagiarism) and learn from other people's opinions. 7. Listen to other people's opinions.
How to practice the basic skills of composition
If students want to write a good composition, they should practice the basic skills of composition from an early age. How to practice the basic skills of composition? Our predecessors summed up several effective experiences, that is, observing more, reading more, practicing more, thinking more and revising more. Observe more: that is to say, pay attention to observing life and be a person with a conscience in life. Mr. Lu Xun replied to a letter from Beidou magazine discussing how to write an article. The first one is "Pay attention to all kinds of things, read more books, and don't write it all at once." Pay attention to the people, animals, plants and scenery around you. Read more: The ancients said, "Reading is like writing a book." As a teenager, you can read and recite some good articles for a long time, and you can also learn some writing methods. Mr. Lu Xun said: "All the great writers who have been evaluated are explaining' how to write' in their works." Mr. Lu Xun also advocated "extensive reading". In addition to reading literary books, he should also read some books on history, geography and scientific and technological knowledge appropriately to increase his knowledge and broaden his horizons. When reading, we should also form serious habits, do not skim, do not require a good understanding, and should strive to read one book at a time. Practice writing more: As the saying goes, "A good memory is not as good as a bad writing." Now many students start to keep observation diaries and take reading notes, which is very good and should be persisted. The late writer Lao She warned us: "To lay a good foundation, the first step is to learn to remember, and remember one thing every day." "The best trick is to write every day and take a pen every day, even if it is to write dozens of words." Because "after the habit is formed, even if you can't remember it, you can grasp the main points, so that over time, there will be more things in your stomach." If you don't practice or write, your hands will be born; Practice and write more, practice makes perfect. Think more: Mr. Lao She said, "Read an article and think carefully after reading it." A person who can write an article can write several words in one word, and he will find a suitable word to use. When reading an article, if you just look at it without thinking carefully, you won't appreciate its benefits. "If you want to read articles, you should also think about writing articles. If you pick up a pen, you will write it. As a result, you either write a thousand words beside the point, Wan Li, or you can't write a few words. How can I write such an article well? Think more to be wise, think more to write profound articles, and associate more to write vivid articles. Revise more: revision is an important part of writing. If writing an article is compared to producing a product, then revision is an indispensable "process" in the production process. Some people say that it makes sense to change the article. Where an article needs to be revised and where it doesn't need to be revised, it is necessary to proceed from reality, add, delete and revise the already written article from many aspects such as conception, material selection, chapter structure, language and punctuation, so as to make the article more perfect, thorough and accurate to reflect the objective reality. Beginners of writing should form the habit of serious revision. The "five plus" mentioned above is not the "secret" and "trick" of writing, but the common sense that must be known to practice the basic skills of composition. So, what is the basic skill of composition? The basic skill is the description of composition. From the description, you have succeeded!