1. tenon and mortise. Also refers to tenon. Detailed explanation of search terms: mortise and tenon words about mortise and tenon
Mao [dictionary]
The fourth place in the M m m o earthly branch is the rabbit. Used to record time: time (5 am to 7 am). Exactly (six o'clock in the morning). Point. Painting. The concave part of the tenon: the eye. Tenon duration: Bi (China urged the levy of money and grain in Qing Dynasty and pursued it by stages). Number of strokes: 5; Radical: 30; Stroke sequence number: 35352 ‐ m o name (hieroglyphics. It's like opening two doors Original meaning: the door is open) the fourth place on earth. Such as: Zi, Ugly, Yin and Tiangan, used to record the year. Such as: Jun (born. & gt& gt Explain search terms in detail: words with Mao characters.
Ding er [idiom]
D: Tong "nail", which means tenon here; Mortise: a hole in an object that connects tenons. Ding Mao's position is perfect. The description is true and reliable. & gt& gt Explain the word search in detail: D 2
Tenon joint [idiom]
Tenon: tenon, the tenon and mortise part protruding from the concave-convex joint on bamboo, wood and stone objects or components is very suitable without gaps. Describe superb craftsmanship. & gt& gt Detailed explanation of search terms: tenon
2. There are poems about the three major buildings in the south of the Yangtze River. A long time ago, a yellow crane carried a saint to heaven, and now only the Yellow Crane Tower is left.
The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years.
Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass.
But I looked at my hometown, and the twilight was getting thicker, and the mist of sadness was filled on the river waves. Cui Hao.
Break the Yellow Crane Tower with one punch and kick Nautilus Island with one foot.
There is a scene in front of me in which Cui Hao wrote a poem. -Li Bai
The Yellow Crane Tower was built on the snake hill in Wuchang, on the head of the "snake head" Huang Heji. Facing the river, worshipping the building and the pavilion, the cornices are looking forward and magnificent. It, together with Wang Tengting in Nanchang and Yueyang Yueyang Tower, is called the three famous buildings in ancient Jiangnan. The Yellow Crane Tower was built in 223, the second year of the Three Kingdoms. Later generations were repeatedly destroyed and repaired, and it burned again in the tenth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. The Yellow Crane Tower, rebuilt in 1980s, is five stories high, with five comfortable cornices and a yellow glazed tile roof, resplendent and solemn.
According to the Book of Southern Qi, "Fairy Ann crossed here by yellow crane." "Taiping Universe" contains: "In the past, Fei Yi went to the fairy, and every time he took a yellow crane to rest here." In the traditional culture of China, cranes symbolize longevity and good luck. These wonderful legends have attracted scholars and wanderers of all ages to drink and compose poems upstairs. According to records, Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, passed Wuchang and boarded the Yellow Crane Tower. Just as I was about to start writing, I looked up and saw Cui Hao's poem "Yellow Crane Tower": "In ancient times, yellow cranes carried saints to heaven, but now there is no yellow crane tower. The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years. Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass. But I looked home, the twilight was getting thicker, and the river waves were filled with sad mist. " I found it difficult to surpass myself, so I hung up my pen and left. "White clouds and yellow cranes" became famous from then on. In fact, Li Bai has visited the Yellow Crane Tower many times, and several of his poems endowed with the scenery of the Yellow Crane Tower are also eternal songs. For example, the Yellow Crane Tower in "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou": "The old friend said goodbye to the West Yellow Crane Tower, and the fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. The lonely sail is far from the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. " And "Listening to the flute on the Yellow Crane Tower with Shilang Zhong Qin": "One moved to Changsha and looked west to see Chang 'an. The Jade Emperor blows the Yellow Crane Tower, and plum blossoms fall into the river in May. "Wait a minute. These famous poems and stories add luster to the Yellow Crane Tower.
2. Yueyang Tower
Yueyang Tower is one of the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River in ancient China, with Baling Mountain in the east, the Yangtze River in the north and Dongting Lake in the west. Known as "Dongting is the world's water and Yueyang is the world's building". Climbing up the stairs, you can have a panoramic view of Dongting Lake in 800 miles. This scenery reminds people of Du Fu's famous sentence "Climbing Yueyang Tower": "I have heard about Dongting Lake for a long time, and now I have finally climbed to this tower. Wu Chu Southeast v. I can see the endless floating of heaven and earth. " "Eating distant mountains, swallowing the Yangtze River, and endless soup; It is dizzy, cloudy and full of bad weather. " Fan Zhongyan, a great statesman and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, gave a vivid description of the scenery of Yueyang Tower in his article "The Story of Yueyang Tower". In particular, his broad mind of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" has fascinated future generations. In the center of the building, there is still a full-text woodcarving screen of Yueyang Tower inscribed by Zhang Zhao, a famous calligrapher in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, for visitors to read carefully and think deeply. Yueyang Tower has been rebuilt more than 30 times since the Tang Dynasty. The existing building was rebuilt in the sixth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1867). It is a rare building structure with a height of nearly 20 meters, cornices and arches and a yellow glazed tile roof. It is supported by an umbrella frame, and the whole building is connected by tenons and mortises, without a nail. It is a rare building structure with excellent technology. The building is surrounded by bright corridors and columns, which are magnificent. It was rebuilt in the 1970s. It can be said that the building of Yueyang Tower is a typical embodiment of the national style and architectural skills of China ancient architecture.
3. Tengwangge
Knee King Pavilion is located outside Xizhang Jiangmen, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province (now around Jiang Yan Road). It was built by Li Yuanji, the younger brother of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin, when he was commander in chief of Hongzhou. It is one of the three famous buildings in ancient Jiangnan. 1926 was burned by Beiyang soldier Deng Ruzhuo and has now been rebuilt. In the second year of Tang Dynasty (675), he strictly supervised Hongzhou animal husbandry, rebuilt Shi Wangge, and feasted celebrities here on the Double Ninth Festival. Wang Bo, one of the "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty", improvised the Preface to the Knee King Pavilion, which tells the magnificent scenery of the Knee King Pavilion: "The mountains are clear and the clouds are heavy. Flying pavilions and flowing water, there is no land under them ... Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn water is the same as the sky. " This timeless masterpiece makes the name of Knee Royal Pavilion immortal. It can be said that writing begins with architecture, and architecture is spread through writing.
3. What are the sentences describing diaojiao building? 1. The wooden buildings in the ancient town are basically diaojiao buildings.
2. The houses by the river are diaojiao buildings, and the local folk customs are simple and friendly. There are many religious buildings such as Fuxing Tower and Kannonji in the ancient town.
3. Han Sheng and the old woman went back to the diaojiao building on the hillside, and they smelled a strong bouquet from a distance.
4. Diaojiaolou, which used to be a symbol of folk houses in western Hubei, can be seen everywhere.
It turns out that the ship has landed, and there are singing and dancing on the diaojiao building by the lake, including women with heavy makeup and beautiful women without makeup.
6. Diaojiaolou is built with all-wood and ancient mortise and tenon technology. The doors, windows, screens, piers, ridges and other components in the building are all from the houses in the Three Gorges area, and they are original Tujia architecture.
7. The mountains around Miao Village are green, and rows of diaojiao buildings are sleeping in the embrace of the mountains.
8. Standing on the diaojiao building overlooking, the Apeng River is full of smoke and waves, and the distant mountains are endless.
9. The gentle hillside is inlaid with pink buckwheat fields and the roadside is paved with green highland barley fields. The fence made of logs leads along the winding dirt road to the distant virgin forest. Tibet's diaojiao buildings are scattered on the roadside. Cattle and sheep are hidden from time to time in the light blue smoke of boiling milk tea ... The whole atmosphere presents a medieval local flavor.
10. The river in Chaotianmen Wharf, which has been turbid for thousands of years, is still turbid, and the diaojiao building, which has been wet and black for thousands of years, is still wet.
1 1. The outermost roots of each row of columns are cut from top to bottom, forming a suspended-foot building column, hence the name "suspended-foot building".
12. Diaojiaolou, also known as Diaojiaolou, is a traditional residence of Miao people (Chongqing, Guizhou and other places). ), Zhuang, Buyi, Dong, Shui, Tujia and other ethnic groups, and there are many diaojiao buildings in southeastern Chongqing, northwestern Guangxi, western Hunan, western Hubei and southeastern Guizhou.
13. Diaojiaolou is built by the mountains and rivers, and looks like a tiger, with "Zuo Qinglong, Right White Tiger, Former Suzaku and Later Xuanwu" as the best residence. Later, I paid attention to orientation, either sitting west facing east or sitting east facing west.
14. Diaojiaolou is a dry-fence building, but it is different from the general dry-fence. Stilts are suspended, so the stilt building is called semi-stilt building.
15. In the past, diaojiao building was usually covered with thatch or fir bark, but it was also covered with slate. At present, most diaojiao buildings in western Hubei are covered with mud tiles. The construction of diaojiao building is an important event in Tujia people's life.
4. The mortise and tenon structure of ancient buildings Most of the mortise and tenon structures found on the Internet are furniture mortise and tenon connections. In ancient China, wood, brick and tile were the main buildings, and wood structure was the main structural mode. This structural mode consists of columns, beams, purlins and other main components, and the joints between the components form an elastic frame through tenon-mortise fit.
There are three different structural modes of ancient wooden frame in China: hanging beam, span bucket and shaft. The hanging beam type is called "hanging beam type" because the beam is placed on the column and hung on the beam.
This structure is often used in palaces, temples, monasteries and other large buildings. The bucket-piercing type is called bucket-piercing type because rows of columns are connected through purlins to form bent frames, and then connected through purlins.
Mostly used in houses and smaller buildings. The well stem type is made of cross-stacked wood, hence its name, because the space it encloses looks like a well.
This structure is relatively primitive and simple, and it is rarely used except in a few forest areas. Wood structure has many advantages. First, the load-bearing and envelope structure are clearly defined, the weight of the roof is borne by the wooden frame, the outer wall plays the role of shielding the sun, heat insulation and cold protection, and the inner wall plays the role of dividing the indoor space.
Because the wall is not load-bearing, this structure gives the building great flexibility. Secondly, it is conducive to earthquake prevention and resistance. Wood frame structure is very similar to today's frame structure. Due to the characteristics of wood and the certain expansion space of the bucket arch and mortise and tenon used in the frame structure, the damage of the earthquake to this frame can be reduced to some extent.
"The wall falls but the house does not collapse" vividly expresses the characteristics of this structure. Compared with western ancient buildings, China's ancient buildings prefer wood in the choice of materials. This situation has been going on for several years, and wood structure is the main structure.
This structure consists of columns, beams and purlins. The joints between parts are combined with tenons and mortises to form an elastic frame.
This combination of tenon and mortise has been found in Hemudu primitive social building site in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, indicating that it was formed more than 7,000 years ago. There are three main forms of ancient wooden structures in China.
One is the well dry type, that is, the four-sided overlapping structure of logs or squares, such as the shape of a well. This is the most primitive and simple structure, which is rarely seen except in mountainous woodlands. Second, the "through bucket" adopts beams and columns, which is convenient for construction and the most earthquake-resistant, but it is difficult to build a large-scale attic platform, so this form is mostly used in southern houses and smaller halls and castles.
The third type is "hanging beam type" (also known as overlapping beam type), that is, hanging beam on column, hanging beam on beam (short column) and hanging beam on column. This structure is characterized by increasing the width and depth of the building to meet the requirements of expanding indoor space, and has become the main structural form adopted by large palaces, temples, palaces, mansions and other luxurious and magnificent buildings.
Some buildings also adopt the form of hanging beam and crossing bucket, which is more flexible and diverse. There is a folk proverb in China that "the wall falls down but the house does not fall down", which fully expresses the characteristics of the above-mentioned beam-column structure system.
Because this structure is mainly supported by columns and beams, the wall only plays the role of spacing and does not bear the weight of the upper roof, so the position of the wall can be installed according to the size of the required indoor space and can be replaced at any time as needed. Because the wall is not load-bearing, the doors and windows on the wall can also be opened as needed, which can be large or small, high or low, or even open into empty windows, open halls or pavilions.
Because the beam-column structure built by wood structure is an elastic frame, it also has a prominent advantage, that is, strong seismic performance. It can make huge vibration energy disappear at the nodes with strong elasticity.
This is extremely beneficial to earthquake-prone China. Therefore, there are many wooden buildings in areas with severe earthquakes, which have been well preserved for thousands of years.
For example, the wooden pagoda of Liao Dynasty in Yingxian County, Shanxi Province is more than 67 meters high, which is the highest wooden pagoda in the world. The Guanyin Pavilion of Dule Temple in Liao Dynasty in Jixian County, Tianjin is 23 meters high. These two wooden structures have been around for nearly a thousand years, or 1000 years. The latter experienced an earthquake of magnitude 8 or above nearby, and was hit by the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, but it is still safe and sound, which fully shows the superiority of the seismic performance of this structural system.
This is one of the characteristics of ancient architecture in China. The ancient buildings in China attract people's attention with their graceful and soft outlines and various forms, which is admirable.
But this appearance is not arbitrary, but to meet the needs of internal structural performance and practical use. For example, a large roof with beautiful roof and upturned cornices has been formed to meet the needs of rainwater removal and shading, and to adapt to the conditions of internal structure.
More than 2000 years ago, the poet described the shape of the big roof with the poem "Flying". In the column treatment of the main part of the building, the upper ends of the arranged columns are generally made in the form of inward inclination of the stigma, so that the "lateral foot" on the outer side of the column foot presents the form of small top and large bottom, and the height of the column gradually increases from the middle to the outside, thus showing the curve form of high outside the stigma and low inside.
These practices not only solve the stable function of architecture, but also increase the beautiful curve of architectural modeling, and combine practicality and aesthetics properly, which can be said to be a good example of the unity of applicability and aesthetics. The planes, facades and roofs of ancient buildings in China are rich and colorful, including square, rectangle, triangle, hexagon, octagon, dodecagon, circle, semicircle, sun, moon, peach, fan, plum blossom, circle and diamond.
Roof forms include flat roof, sloping roof, dome, spire and so on. At the top of the slope, there are different types, such as fairy hall, inclined mountain, walking mountain, hard mountain, pointed mountain and crossing mountain.
Others combine several different roof forms into a complex and changeable new style.