First, mohists.
Mohism was born in the Warring States Period. The founder is Mo Zhai (Mozi). Mohism is a disciplined academic group, and its leader is called "Giant". When its members go to various countries to serve as officials, they must implement Mohism and their salaries must also be dedicated to the group.
Mohist school is divided into early and late stages: the early stage mainly involves social politics, ethics and epistemology, and pays attention to secular wars; In the later period, Mohism made an important contribution to logic and began to move closer to the field of scientific research.
Mohist thoughts mainly include: equal love between people (universal love), opposing wars of aggression (non-attack), advocating economy, opposing extravagance and waste (frugality), attaching importance to inheriting the cultural wealth of predecessors (knowing ghosts), mastering the laws of nature (ambition) and so on.
Second, Mencius of Confucianism.
Mencius (about 372 BC-289 BC) was born in Zou (now southeast of Zou County, Shandong Province) in the middle of the Warring States Period, not far from Qufu, the hometown of Confucius.
Mencius was born about one hundred years before the death of Confucius (479 BC). Little is known about his life experience. There are stories about his mother's "three moves" and "going to Qi" in Biography of Women, which shows that he benefited a lot from his mother's education. Mencius was taught by Confucius' grandson Zi Si.
Third, Xunzi.
Xunzi, Mingqing, a native of Huaxia (Han nationality), was a native of Zhao at the end of the Warring States Period. A famous thinker, writer and politician, he is called "Xun Qing". He served as a drinking ceremony for Xia Ji Gong Xue in Qi State for three times, and was later ordered by Chu Lanling (located in Lanling County, Shandong Province).
The inheritance of Xun's family is that Xun was born and died, while Ao's father was born and died. This person is a bank general of the State of Jin, so the descendants are not the family of China Bank. Lin's father gave birth to Xun, Geng gave birth, Yan gave birth to Xun and Wu gave birth. After the failure of the struggle between Yin Xun and Zhao Yang, the clan members of the Bank of China turned back to patrolling in order to avoid disaster, which is the origin of Zhao's patrolling.
Fourth, Taoism.
Taoism takes "Tao" as the core, thinks that the avenue is inaction, advocates the nature of Tao, and puts forward political, economic, governing the country and military strategies such as Taoism, guarding men and women, and combining rigidity with softness. It has simple dialectical thought, is an extremely important philosophical school in "a hundred schools of thought contend", exists in various cultural fields in China, and has a great influence on the culture of China and even the world.
A large number of Chinese and foreign scholars began to notice and absorb the positive thoughts of Taoism, so scholars said: "Taoist thought can be regarded as the great product of the Chinese nation."
Extended data historical impact:
China's ancient logic in the later period is a scientific system comparable to Aristotle in ancient Greece and Inming in ancient India (see History of Indian Logic), which occupies an important position in the history of China logic and the history of world logic. However, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, this precious heritage has been neglected for a long time. During the Jin Dynasty, although Lu Sheng had notes on Mo Bian, only his "narration" existed.
Only after modern times, Sun Yirang, Liang Qichao, Zhang, Zhang, Tan and other talents began to make a comparative study of Mohist logic, western logic and India, which made Mohist logic thought get renewed attention and made new development.
Baidu Encyclopedia-mohists
Baidu encyclopedia-Mencius
Baidu encyclopedia-Xunzi
Baidu encyclopedia-Taoism