In the No.1 article, No.1 drunkard, 6 1 layman in his later years. Together with Han Yu (Tang Dynasty), Liu Zongyuan, Wang Anshi (Song Dynasty), Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe and Ceng Gong, they are called "eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Four great writers throughout the ages: Han, Liu, Ou and Su (Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi in Northern Song Dynasty). When I was in Renzong, I was tired of knowing the imperial edict and the Hanlin bachelor. Yingzong, the official to the secretary of the Council, and political affairs; The Zongshen dynasty moved the Ministry of War ministers and took Prince Shao Shi as the official. A pawn is Wen Zhong. He advocated political and literary innovation. He is not only a supporter of Fan Zhongyan's Qingli New Deal, but also a leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also very happy to be rewarded as a younger generation. Su Shi and Su Zhe's two brothers, Su Xun, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi, all come from his family. The creative achievements are also brilliant and impressive, and poems, words and essays are all outstanding at present. Prose is eloquent, lyrical and euphemistic; Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu was buried in Xinzheng, Kaifeng (now Xinzheng, Henan) after his death. The existing Ouyangxiu Cemetery in Ouyangsi Village, Xindian Town, xinzheng city is a state-level cultural relic protection unit. In addition, there is an ancestral temple named Liuyitang in the southern suburb of Mianyang today. When I was in Chuzhou, I called myself an alcoholic. In his later years, he called himself a layman on June 1st, saying: I have a collection of 1,000 ancient books, 10,000 books, a piano, a chess game and always buy a pot of wine. I will be old on June 1st. Ou Gong's generation of Confucianism is charming and pretentious. The lyrics are graceful and graceful, and the world is proud of it. Is it a villain or an erotic song? This is a public word. Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi jointly compiled the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties separately. He also likes to collect epigraphy and compile it into Records of the Historian. There is Ouyang Wenzhong's official document collection. Song ci "Walking on the Sand". He also wrote the famous Zuiweng Pavilion. Ouyang Wenzhong's Gong Jin Yuefu: The Name of Ci Collection. Ouyang Xiuzuo in Northern Song Dynasty. Three volumes. Compilation of Miro in Southern Song Dynasty. Income "Ouyang Wenzhong's Official Documents Collection", as well as the singles engraved in the Song Dynasty. The original edition of Sixty Ci Poems of Song Dynasty written by Jin Mao in Ming Dynasty was changed to Sixty Ci Poems on June 1 day, with only one volume, and it was abridged according to the previous edition. In addition, the Song Dynasty's "The Joy of Drunken Man" has six volumes, and there are still many words that have not been collected in "Jin Ti Yue Fu". Since the third generation of Gong Ji, stone carvings have been carved into 1000 volumes. The masterpiece is Zuiweng Pavilion. Ouyang Xiu's works are numerous, rich in content and remarkable in achievements. In addition to literature, Confucian classics can also adhere to the theories of predecessors and have unique opinions on the study of Poetry, Book of Changes and Spring and Autumn Annals. As a pioneering work, epigraphy compiled thousands of epigraphy artifacts and inscriptions from the Zhou Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and wrote more than 400 articles in ten volumes, referred to as "Collection of Ancient Records", which is the earliest extant epigraphy work. You Wei has made great achievements in historiography. He not only participated in the revision of the 250 volumes of the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, but also wrote the History of the Five Dynasties, summarizing the historical experience of the Five Dynasties, in order to serve as a warning. Ou Ouyang xiu's sitting posture
Yang Xiu lost his father at the age of four and grew up with his uncle in Suizhou, Hubei. When he was young, his family was poor and had no money. His mother Zheng used reeds to write and draw on the sand and taught him to read. Ouyang Xiu loved reading since he was a child, and often went to the Li family in the south of the city to borrow books and copy. He is talented and studious, and often recites books before copying them. Teenagers, like adults, write poems and essays in complicated ways. Seeing the hope of family rejuvenation, his uncle once said to Ouyang Xiu's mother, "It's really strange that my sister-in-law doesn't care about her poor family and her children! Not only do you start with a gate, but you will be famous in the world one day. " At the age of ten, Ouyang Xiu learned six volumes from Li Jiade's Collected Works of Mr. Changli in the Tang Dynasty, which he loved very much and laid the seeds for the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty in the future. Injong Tiansheng eight years (AD 1030), Jinshi. The following year, he was appointed as an official of Xijing (now Luoyang) and became a close friend of Mei He, exchanging poems with each other. In the first year of Jingyou (A.D. 1034), he called the Bachelor's College, appointed Xuandelang, and filled the pavilion for collation. In three years, Fan Zhongyan criticized current politics in the last chapter and was demoted to Raozhou. Ouyang Xiu defended him and was demoted to the county magistrate of Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei). In the first year of Kangding (A.D. 1040), Ouyang Xiu was recalled to Beijing, and was appointed as the curator of the pavilion to collate and edit the Chongwen General Catalogue, which was later called the suggestion court. For three years (A.D. 1043), Li Qing served as the right judge and issued an imperial decree. Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Fu Bi and others carried out the "Qingli New Deal", and Ouyang Xiu participated in the innovation and put forward the idea of reforming official administration, military affairs and tribute law. In five years, Fan, Han and Fu were successively demoted, and Ouyang Xiu wrote a letter, claiming to be demoted as the magistrate of Chuzhou (now Chuzhou, Anhui). Later, it was changed to Yangzhou, Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui) and Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan). In the first year of He Zhi (1054), he returned to the DPRK in August and successively served as a bachelor of Hanlin and a historian. Together with Song Qi, he studied the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and the History of the Five Dynasties. In February of the second year of Jiayou (A.D. 1057), Ouyang Xiu presided over the Jinshi Examination as an academician, advocated plain writing style, and admitted Su Shi, Su Zhe and Ceng Gong, which had a great influence on the transformation of writing style in the Northern Song Dynasty. In June of the third year of Jiayou, Ouyang Xiu became a bachelor of Hanlin and a bachelor of Longtuge. Five years, thanks to the Committee. The following year, he was appointed to participate in political affairs. Later, he successively served as the minister of punishments and the minister of war. In the second year of Yingzong Zhiping (A.D. 1065), the above request for external posts is not allowed. In the following two or three years, he resigned many times because of being slandered by Jiang and others, but he was not allowed.
In the second year of Zong Shenxi Ning (AD 1069), Wang Anshi implemented the new law. Ouyang xiu criticized the young crops law and did not implement it. In the past three years, except for the post of Ambassador to the South Campus of Pacific Insurance Company, he insisted on not accepting it and changed Zhizhou to Cai Zhou (now runan county, Henan Province). This year, it was renamed "Liu Yi Boulder". In June of four years, he officially became the Prince of Shao Shi. Juyingzhou (now Fuyang City, Anhui Province). On July 23rd (AD 65438+September 22nd, 0072), Ouyang Xiu died in Yingzhou, Shiwen. Ouyang Xiu Cemetery is located in Ouyang Temple Village, Xixindian Town, xinzheng city. The park has a beautiful environment, with hills in the north and gullies and streams in the south. The cemetery is solemn, with many stone tablets and towering cypresses. After the rain, the sun shines brightly and the fog rises like misty rain. The scenery is spectacular, so it has the reputation of "misty rain in Europe" and is one of the eight ancient scenes in Xinzheng. Ouyang Xiu's early political thoughts reflected the interests of the small and medium-sized landlord class and had a clear understanding of the serious economic, political and military crisis at that time. He advocated eliminating accumulated disadvantages, being generous and frugal, and seeking innovation with Fan Zhongyan and others. In his later years, with the improvement of social status, he thought Ouyang Xiu would appreciate willow trees.
Gradually conservative, resist and criticize some new laws of Wang Anshi; But more realistically, Sima Guang and others have different attitudes. Ouyang Xiu plays an important role in the history of China literature. He inherited the spirit of Han Yu's ancient prose movement. As the leader of the poetry innovation movement in Song Dynasty, his literary theory and creative achievements had a great influence on that time and later generations. In the early Song Dynasty, in the temporarily peaceful social environment, the poetic style advocated by the aristocratic literati group flooded the literary world, which was flashy and meaningless, but it was all the rage. In order to correct the shortcomings of Quincy's style, Ouyang Xiu strongly advocated ancient Chinese prose. He loved reading Han Yu's collected works since he was a child. After he became an official, he personally revised Korean and published it all over the world. He studied Han Yu's literary view and advocated Ming Dow's practical application. He emphasized the decisive role of Tao in writing and believed that Tao was the content, essence, form and tool of writing. Pay special attention to the cultivation of Taoism, and put forward that "Tao wins, literature is not difficult to come" (answer Wu Chong's Book of Scholars), "The purity of Taoism is based on the truth of China people, the enrichment of China people, and the brilliance of writers" (answer the Book of Ancestors' Selection), and "Scholars should learn from the classics", so that teachers can enrich themselves with "Tao". But he also corrected some of Han Yu's prejudices. In his interpretation of Tao, he regards "things" in reality as the concrete content of Tao. He believes that the reason why learning Tao can't be done is because "it's not a heart to abandon Pepsi" (Answer to Scholar Wu Chong). He opposes "high words but fresh words" (the same book as Zhang Xiucai). Regarding the relationship between "Tao" and "Wen", it is advocated that "Tao" and "Wen" should be paid equal attention. It is believed that "literature" must be subordinate to "Tao", but it is not "a sage must have words", and many examples are given to illustrate that "a person cannot be said from a poem or a book Historical Records". Words and deeds can be seen in the world. "The so-called" keep your word "means that the content should be true, the language should be literary, and the content and form should be unified. This is Ouyang Xiu's basic argument about creation. He adopted the spirit of Han Yu's Preface to Literature, strongly advocated simple, neat, smooth and natural writing, and opposed flashy carving and eccentricity. He not only set out from reality, but also set an example with his outstanding creative achievements. His idea was warmly endorsed by others, such as Mei and others. Later, in the official exam (invigilator), candidates were encouraged to write simple and fluent ancient Chinese. Anything that is empty, flashy or wins by strangeness is excluded. At the same time, he promoted and trained Wang Anshi, Ceng Gong, Su Shi, Su Zhe and other new writers. In this way, the poetry innovation movement he advocated won a decisive victory. Ou Ouyang xiu stone statue
Yang Xiu is an outstanding applied writer. He wrote many books in his life, The Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu (China Bookstore, 1986). Owen cited in this paper has 265 1 article and 26 19 practical articles, which shows that his writing is mainly practical articles. He also wrote 74 volumes of History of the New Five Dynasties and 75 volumes of Book of the New Tang Dynasty. He not only made great achievements in applied writing, but also made great contributions to applied writing theory. Create the concept of practical writing. At present, critics all believe that the word practical writing was first seen in Zhang Kan's Postscript Chen Houshan and Re-appointed School Official Qi Xie in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Four wives and six wives in parallel, especially the application of literary ears." ("Zhuo" Volume 5) Zhang only refers to the language form of "CET-4 and CET-6" in practical writing, but strictly speaking, it cannot be said that the concept of practical writing is clear. Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty wrote in the book "The Vice Minister of Ci and Letters from the Two Houses" that in November of the fifth year of Jiayou, he was ordered to grant the deputy envoy of the minister, "learning for the purpose of literature". Practical writing here refers to the style of official documents. In the same year's History of the Five Dynasties, he described himself as an era in which nothing was useful. After becoming famous, he "can't bear to forget his simple habits, and sometimes he makes mistakes and uses inappropriate words." "Word" is an article. Practical writing here refers to practical writing. It can be seen that Ouyang Xiu defined the concept of practical writing from two aspects: stylistic form and practical nature, and he has regarded practical writing as an independent article genre. The general framework of applied writing theory is constructed. As mentioned above, he thinks that the essence of practical writing is practical. He praised Su Xun's applied article "Practical and Useful Words" ("Cloth Praises Su Xun"), and Huang's proofreading book commented that "Chinese was sick at that time, not an empty word" ("On Articles and Books with Huang"). Ouyang Xiu is very clear about the practicality of practical writing. He believes that practical writing has three characteristics. One is truth. Ouyang Xiu believes that writing history should be based on "biography and documentary" (Jin Xin Xiu Tang book table). The so-called "documentary" is to praise and criticize good and evil like the Spring and Autumn Annals, "Tell the truth to make future generations believe" (Wei), "Be realistic, don't blame right and wrong, distinguish between good and evil" (Spring and Autumn Annals) and "The book can be true" (Tang Yulu's tombstone). He also believes that imperial edicts "must conform to the discussion of things and please people's feelings" ("On the Imperial edicts of prudence"), which is expressed in today's language, is to conform to reality. Ouyang Xiu advocates the authenticity of practical writing, one for application and the other for inheritance. The third is simplicity. "The words in the imperial edict are pure, deep and simple" (official history), praising the simplicity of the inscription of Kong Zhou (Kong Jun, a captain of Mount Tai in the later Han Dynasty), the imperial edict should "restore the beauty of simplicity, which cannot be carved" (on Li Shu's treacherous miscellaneous son), and the inscription should be "concise" (Xue Jun, Class One in the Inner Hall); Yin Shilu Epitaph >; ), "The document is very simple" ("The Seventh Style of Qi Hong House"), simplicity is one of the criteria for Ouyang Xiu's article criticism. The third is dignity. He praised the elegance of Chang Lu's official documents about nine princes and princesses, saying that "each has its own style" (Epitaph of Gong Liu, Bachelor of Jixian College), and "style" refers to the content, which Ouyang Xiu called "general". "It is especially appropriate for public to write letters of patent" (Epitaph of Xie Gongjiang), and praised the letters of patent written by Xie, especially in the Western Han Dynasty. "Style" refers to style. "Textual research on the oath in the canon is pure and profound, and Ding Ning makes a compromise, so there is no style" (Chongwen Official History Class), and "style" refers to style. Ouyang Xiu advocates that practical writing should be general, important and important, and his theory is quite profound. Ouyang Xiu made great contributions to official documents. He wrote 1002 official documents, and the theory of official documents is also very systematic. The content of the official document "must conform to the agenda and please the people"; It is the first example of Su Shi's reform of parallel prose that it is easy to read in form and adopts the language form of "forty-six" (the preface to Inner Zang). He blames his official documents for "no invention", "disorganization", "inaction" and "conformism", which should be complete, innovative and orderly; The form should be standardized and innovative. According to the writing direction of official documents, he divided them into three categories: "All official business, from top to bottom, is called Fu, and makes inquiries;": From bottom to top, like a shape; When you come, you will be transferred. "(Book with Mr. Chen) He thinks that Fu and Ba are in the next language, and the form is in the upper language, while Diao and Pai are coordinate words; It is also clear that official documents cannot be "applicable to non-public matters". Although Ouyang Xiu didn't define the concepts of "upper writing, parallel prose and lower writing", he laid the foundation for Liu Xizai's classification according to his writing direction. (Excerpted from Applied Writing No.2 1997) Ouyang Xiu was a literary leader in the Northern Song Dynasty and the founder of prose in the Song Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu's achievements in literary creation are highest in prose. When commenting on his essays, Su Shi said: "On Taoism, it is like Han Yu; In books, it is like Lu Zhi; On chronicles, like Sima Qian; In poetry and prose, it is very similar to Li Bai. " However, although Ouyang Xiu always admired the profound knowledge of Korean and Wang Yang was arrogant, he did not follow suit. Ouyang Xiu wrote more than 500 essays in his life, each with its own characteristics, including political essays, historical essays, notes, lyric essays and notes. Most of his essays are rich in content, vigorous in momentum, simple in explanation, concise and fluent, narrative and reasoning, beautifully expressed, lyrical in description, fascinating, plain and strange, and new in literature. Many of his political works, such as Ben Lun, Original Disadvantages, Advice to Gauss, Theory of Partisans, History of the New Five Dynasties, etc. Adhering to his own ideas of "Ming Dow" and "Practicing the World", he closely linked with the political struggle at that time, criticized the malpractices of the times, had sharp thoughts and vivid language, and showed a mind to correct the current situation and save the world. He also wrote a lot of lyric and narrative prose, mostly mixed with scenes and swaying. His works, such as Mysterious Preface to Poetry, Ode to Poetry, and Preface to Selected Works of Su, mourn the old friends and recall the past, which is touching. His works "Fengle Pavilion" and "Zuiweng Pavilion" are slow, euphemistic and tortuous, with beautiful words and fresh style. In a word, whether it is satirizing the world and stabbing politics, mourning the past, or even visiting the scene in person, it fully embodies his calm, generous and frank artistic personality. Ouyang Xiu was also a pioneer in the creation of notes in Song Dynasty. His notes include "Returning to the Field", "On Pen" and "Checking Pen". Articles are eclectic, lively and interesting, and often describe details and people. Among them, the Record of Returning to the Field describes the legacy of the imperial court, the official system and society. The file extension of encoded image stored in jpeg file exchange format.
Anecdotal anecdotes about Dr. Feng Heshi and introducing his own writing experience are very valuable. Ouyang Xiu also made great achievements in poetry creation. His poems are mainly influenced by Han Yu in art, and his works such as Lingxi Stone, Lithography and Purple Stone Screen Song imitate Han Yu's unique poetic style. Other poems are gloomy and dripping with emotion, integrating narration, discussion and lyricism, and their styles are close to Du Fu's, such as rereading Selected Poems of Solitary and Sending Du Qigong to Official. Other works are magnificent and bold, but close to Li Bai, such as "Lushan Mountain in Liu Zhongyun returns to Nankang in the same year". However, most of his works mainly study the characteristics of Han Yu's "writing with poetry", that is, argumentative and prose culture. Although he avoided the dangers of Han Yu with his natural and fluent poetic language, some poems are still too logical and lack vivid images. Some ancient poems are not poetic, but some modern poems are more interesting and meaningful. In content, some of his poems reflect the sufferings of the people and expose the darkness of society, which has certain social significance. For example, in answering Yang Zijing's long sentence of praying for rain, he described the social reality of "the military and horses have not moved, single spark can start a prairie fire" and "the civil office is often empty"; In Eating Bad People, it reveals the unreasonable phenomenon that officials "drink official wine every day, but the people" have no porridge in winter and spring ". However, his purpose in writing these poems is very clear: "Because you give me songs, I take poems as admonitions", in order to persuade the ruling class to cultivate politics and maintain feudal order. He also talks about current affairs in his poems, attacking corrupt politics, such as "Answering the son of a national scholar to comfort the south of the Yangtze River". Others, such as Qu Yu Wang and Qu Yu Re He, show the poet's sympathy for the fate of women and condemn the ignorant rulers for wronged the country. More is to write lyrical works, or fresh and beautiful, or plain and tasteful, to express the poet's life feelings. For example, in Sleeping at Night in Huangxi, the Three Gorges is dark and full of trees, and the moon is full of Sichuan, and an ape mourns; In Cao Cao's song, the West Lake comes in spring to send thanks, the snow outside the door disappears, and the riverside flowers bloom in February; In "Thrushcross Birds", hundreds of sounds follow, and the flowers are red and purple; I just know that it is better to be locked in a golden cage than to crow in the forest. Generally speaking, his poetic style is still diverse. Ouyang Xiu is not only good at writing poems, but also has new ideas from time to time. His last work, Poetic Talk (which evolved from a proper name to a literary style, later called Poetic Talk on June 1), is the first poetic talk in the history of China literature. Guo Shaoyu, a descendant, said: "The name of Poetic Talk originated from Ouyang Xiu, that is, the style of Poetic Talk, or it can be said that it originated from Ouyang Yi" (Textual Research on Poetic Talk). Ouyang Xiu's poetry criticism has changed the previous practice of focusing on Lu's comments, important examples, practices or techniques. Instead, I don't stick to one pattern, strive for perfection, and comment on poetry in a casual and friendly way.
Oh, it has become a new form of poetry. When he commented on poetry, he returned to nature, although he did not abolish carving. In Preface to Mei Poetry, he put forward the argument that poetry is "poor before writing", developed the poetry theories of Du Fu and Bai Juyi, pointed out the direction for the development of Song poetry, and had a great influence on poetry creation at that time and later generations. Ouyang Xiu also occupied an important position in the early Song Dynasty. He created many words, most of which are similar to "flower house". The main contents are still homesickness, feelings of parting, drinking drunk songs, cherishing spring and enjoying flowers. He is good at writing landscapes with fresh and light brushstrokes. Thirteen poems "Picking Mulberry Seeds" depict the natural beauty of Yingzhou West Lake. They are quiet, clear and full of emotion, just like elegant landscape paintings. In other words, "apricot blossoms and green hills are scarce, and pedestrians on the hillside rest under the mountain" ("Yulouchun"), "People in the upper reaches of the dike draw boats one by one, patting the spring water on the dike and falling into the sky. Qingyang Building swings "(Huanxisha)," Pingshan railing leans against the clear sky, where there are both mountains and mountains "(Chaozhong Cuo) and so on. , are also good sentences to write about scenery. Because the author is meticulous about things, it seems to be written casually, but in fact it is infinitely vivid. Without perfect works, he can't reach this artistic realm. However, his lyrical words are graceful and touching, with deep feelings and intimate words. For example, the last two sentences of "Walking in the Sand" are "I am far away from sorrow, and the distance is like spring water" and "Spring mountains are everywhere, and pedestrians are more outside". Through the spring water and mountains, I write people from the perspective of thinking about women, which is profound and subtle and gives people a deep feeling. He still has something to say. Although he is old and complaining, he speaks his mind directly, showing his generosity and optimism. There are also some colorful words, although they are written about dating between men and women, but they are also simple and vivid; Of course, there are also some shallow and vulgar works. In addition, Ouyang Xiu also broke the strict metrical form of Fu style and wrote some essays. His famous Ode to Autumn Sound uses various metaphors to describe the invisible autumn sound very vividly, making people seem to be audible. This poem changed the "regular style" of the Tang Dynasty into "prose style", which is of pioneering significance to the development of Fu, comparable to Su Shi's "Red Wall Fu" and has been told for thousands of years. Ouyang Xiu's Letter to Song Renzong: "Is it the national interest for a military official to obtain military information by taking charge of state secrets? If you want to stop the green pivot, you can serve the country, not only to save it, but also to save the country. " Di Qing died of depression a few years after being demoted. Ouyang Xiu deepened the national policy of "valuing literature over martial arts", laying the groundwork for China's repeated invasion by foreign enemies. Ouyang Xiu's works are numerous, rich in content and remarkable in achievements. In addition to literature, Confucian classics (Spring and Autumn) can stick to predecessors' theories and have unique opinions; As a pioneering work, epigraphy compiled thousands of epigraphy artifacts and inscriptions from the Zhou Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and wrote more than 400 articles in ten volumes, referred to as "Collection of Ancient Records", which is the earliest extant epigraphy work. You Wei has made great achievements in historiography. He not only participated in the revision of the 250 volumes of the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, but also wrote the History of the Five Dynasties (the New History of the Five Dynasties), summarizing the historical experience of the Five Dynasties, in order to play a warning role. Ouyang Xiu's calligraphy is also world-famous, and his calligraphy is deeply influenced by Yan Zhenqing. Zhu Yue said, "Ouyang Gong works for others, and if he is a layman, he will be strong." Ouyang Xiu plays an important role in the history of China literature. He vigorously advocated the poetry innovation movement, reformed the formalism style of writing and poetry from the late Tang Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty, and achieved remarkable results. Because of his great achievements in political status and prose creation, his position in the Song Dynasty was similar to that of Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, and he was "respected by all the scholars in the world" (Su Shi's Tales of Vulgarians). He recommended and guided Wang Anshi, Ceng Gong, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe and other essayists, which had a great influence on their prose creation. Among them, Su Shi's inheritance and development of the literary style he created is the most brilliant. After the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, many scholars praised his simple prose style. His writing style has always influenced the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the eighth year of the Song Dynasty (A.D. 1048), the Yellow River was located in Shanghuhou (now northeast of Puyang, Henan Province), and the river diverted northward, passing through Daming House, Jizhou, Shenzhou, Yingzhou, Yongjingjun and other places, until the Ganning Army merged into the royal river and entered the sea. At that time, due to lack of manpower, it was not closed immediately. In the third year of Emperor Yangdi's reign (A.D. 105 1), it flowed northward to Guogukou, Guantao. After being blocked for four years, the flow is still not smooth, which has caused the debate between the north flow and the restoration of the old road of the east flow. In the second year of He Zhi (AD 1055), Ouyang Xiu strongly opposed the return to Hedong, and even stated the reasons why he could not return to Hedong. In the first part, he analyzed "There is a great drought in the world, especially in JD.COM, followed by Hebei" and "After Zhou En's war in Hebei, followed by a fierce year, the people went into exile, nine times out of ten". He thinks that when the country is short of people, the second dredging is not only manpower and material resources, but also a long river of more than 1,000 miles with 300,000 people. Based on his own observation and experience, he first analyzes the law of siltation and overflow of the Yellow River and expounds the reasons why it is not suitable for the Yellow River to return to the river. He said, "The reason why there is no silt in the river. Mud often flows down first, and the downstream mud is high, and the water gradually stops, which is the lower part of the upstream. This trend is also normal. " Then he analyzed the specific situation of JD.COM and Henglong River, and pointed out: "In the Jubilee, the river flowed out of JD.COM, and the water traveled in the so-called old road today. The stagnant water is blocked, but it must be blocked on the roof, and it is found that it is blocked and returns to the old road; A few days later, it was decided by Nantiegou Temple in Huazhou, which is now called Longmen people. In the following years, it was banned and restored. The decision of the king of Chu has been made, but the difference is very small, and it is diverted from the old road. But the water in the old road will eventually clog up, so I decided to stay in Henglong. If so, the river will be blocked and the old road will not be restored. Recovery ultimately depends on the upper level, and the old road is blocked and water cannot flow. When Henglong was decided, the water flowed down, so for more than ten years, the river was not affected. In Li Qing in 1934, the water of Henglong silted up from Haikou, and it was more than 140 miles in Haikou. After that, the swimming, gold and red rivers were silted up again. Dirty is the stem, but it depends on the upper business. However, the old roads of JD.COM and Henglong River are flowing down, silting up the abandoned highlands. JD。 The old path of COM is repeated, and the truth cannot be repeated. It goes without saying that it is easy to know. " At the same time, Ouyang Xiu also believes that the Liuta River, which was discussed by canal division Li Zhongchang, is only fifty paces wide. "It is ridiculous to want to accommodate the water of a big river at fifty paces", and it is asserted that Liuta River "has the name of reducing water in a big river, without reducing disease. Today, there are many troubles in the lower reaches of the river. If they all go back to the river, Binhai, Germany, Bohe and other northern States will be overwhelmed, and the upstream will be in danger of being set by others. This is harmful and useless, and all wise people don't do it. " Ouyang Xiu's performance was not adopted, and the court ordered him to step up his efforts to block the mouth and open the Six Tahes River. In April of the first year of Jiayou (A.D. 1056), Shang Hu burned his bridges and decided to win again, failing to return to the river.