Look at the Bohai Sea in middle school Chinese textbooks: Cao Cao, a statesman, strategist and poet of the Three Kingdoms, was born in 155 and died in 220. The year when Cao Cao died was the last year of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao Cao should come from the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Wei was established after Cao Cao's death. Later, in 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and established Shu. In 229 AD, the rising sun established the State of Wu. At this point, Wei, Shu and Wu successively formed. In other words, nine years after Cao Cao's death, the Three Kingdoms were formally formed.
What contribution did Cao Cao make to China literature?
Cao Cao is one of the seven sons of Jian 'an literature and a representative figure of Jian 'an literature. Cao Cao has profound attainments in literature, calligraphy and music. His literary achievements are mainly manifested in his poems, and his prose is also very distinctive. Cao Cao wrote less than 20 poems, all of which were Yuefu poems. Content can be divided into three categories. One is about current events, one is about expressing ideals, and the other is about immortal poetry.
His works related to current affairs include A Journey to the Road, Good Li Xing, A Journey to the Cold, Walking Out of Xiamen, etc. China Tour and Good Li Xing were written in the early years of Jian 'an. The previous article reflects the failure of eunuchs and the crisis of Dong Zhuo's entry into Luoyang. Later, it was written that all counties in Kanto were fighting for Excellence, each with its own plans, fighting with each other, and the content was close. Poetry writes this historical process in concise language, so it is called the true record of the late Han Dynasty and the true history of poetry. What is particularly commendable is that in his poetic trip to the sea, he described the profound sufferings of the broad masses of the people in the war: lice were born in armor, thousands of people died in accidents, bones were exposed in the wild, there were no crows in thousands of miles, and life was in various ways.
A Journey to Bitter Cold was written in the eleventh year of Jian 'an, which coincided with the recruitment of high schools. This poem describes the coldness, desolation, preciseness and liveliness of Taihang Mountain in winter. At the same time, it also depicts the poet's complicated feelings. "Step out of Xiamen" was written in the twelfth year of Jian 'an, and Wu Huan recruited soldiers in three counties. This poem includes four explanations by Yan He. Yan is concerned about the poet's complex mentality when he went to war. Understand the sea and write down the feeling of crossing Jieshi; The second plan is October in winter. What is the third plan? Write down everything you saw on your way home. The fourth explanation is about the ideological activities after winning this important battle. Among them, Looking at the Bohai Sea describes the scenery of the sea. The autumn wind is bleak, Hongbo rushes, and the journey of the sun and the moon comes out; The Korean War is an amazing and magnificent picture, which reflects the poet's broad mind of embracing the universe and absorbing the sun and the moon. Gui Yanshou used a series of vivid metaphors to express the poet's views on his life and career: the old man is eager to travel, and the martyr is old. This is the true embodiment of the poet's active and enterprising spirit all his life.
The poems that mainly express ideals are Duguan Mountain, Dujiu and Xiaoqu. The poet's political ideal in the first two articles. His vision for a prosperous new era is to be virtuous, virtuous and kind, and to combine Confucianism and law with kindness and prestige. This is undoubtedly of progressive significance under the realistic background of social destruction in the late Han Dynasty. The theme of the short song is seeking talents, and the mountain is not too high, the water is not too deep, and the duke of Zhou vomits, and the world is still the first poem to express the feelings of seeking talents. There are poems about immortals, such as Exhale and Autumn Hu Xing. Cao Cao doesn't believe in the alchemist's immortal theory, so he shouldn't send these poems, and he can't equate them with the immortals of Qin Huang and Hanwu. As far as artistic style is concerned, Cao Cao's poems are unpretentious and not gorgeous. They won the victory with deep feelings and great charm.
In poetry, it is characterized by generosity and sadness. Generosity and sadness are the same tone in Jian 'an literature, but in Cao Cao's poems, generosity and sadness are the most typical and prominent. In terms of poetic genre, Cao Cao's Yuefu poems did not copy the rules of Han Yuefu, but developed. For example, CITS and Hao are both elegies of Han Yuefu, but he uses old themes to express new content. Cao Cao initiated the tradition of writing current affairs in Yuefu, which had far-reaching influence. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, Jian 'an writers and many poets proposed to write a large number of Yuefu poems, which can be said to be the inheritance and development of this tradition.
Cao Cao's prose is mainly practical and can be roughly divided into three categories: table, preface and book. Representative works include: adding the list of cities closed in Guo Jia, letting the county learn local chronicles, showing books as kings, and offering sacrifices to Taiwei Bridge. The common characteristics of these characters are simplicity, frankness and fluency, which makes Cao Cao's unique voice. For example, let the county speak for itself, tell the story of his struggle experience for most of his life, analyze the situation at that time, and analyze his own mentality. Among them, in order not to be lonely in this country, I don't know when several people call themselves emperors and several people call themselves kings. These words are very frank and bold. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the trend of parallel prose appeared, and it gradually rose at the end of the Han Dynasty. General prose writers began to emphasize duality and pay attention to the use of allusions. Cao Cao was unique at that time with his calm, pragmatic and pragmatic style. Lu Xun once praised Cao Cao as the father of article reform.
Cao Cao's literary achievements are also reflected in his constructive role in Jian 'an literature. Jian 'an literature can flourish and develop under the background of long-term war and social division, which cannot be separated from his concern and promotion. When discussing the reasons for the prosperity of Jian 'an literature, Liu Xie pointed out that, like Cao Cao in Wang Zhong, he loved poetry elegantly. )。 The annotations to Cao Cao's works mainly include Poems on Wei Wendi, Wei Wudi and Huang Jie, which was published by Peking University Publishing House in 1925, revised by People's Literature Publishing House in 1958, and later renamed as Poems on Wei Wendi, Wei Wudi.
Overview of Historical Network: Cao Cao followed the trend of the times all his life and set up a monument for himself with extraordinary martial arts. His personality is changeable, so many people, especially scholars, think that he is an unparalleled traitor, and some people say that he is an unparalleled genius. Cao Cao is a name that is always controversial.