1. The great sage and the old sage: Laozi
2. The most holy and literary sage: Confucius
3. The great sage: Duke Zhou
4. Wine Sage: Du Kang
5. Poet Sage: Du Fu
6. Medical Sage: Zhang Zhongjing, Wan Mi Zhai (conferred as "Medical Sage" by Emperor Kangxi) ?
7. Calligraphy sages: Wang Xizhi, Zhang Zhi, Huang Xiang, Zhong Yao, Suo Jing
8. Painting sages: Wu Daozi
9. Tea Saint: Lu Yu
10. Martial Saint: Guan Yu
11. Grass Saint: Zhang Xu, Huai Su
12. Sub-Sage: Mencius
13. Science sage: Zhang Heng
14. Shang sage: Fan Li
15. Seek sage: Guiguzi
16. Zong sage: Zengzi
p>17. Restoration of the sage: Yan Hui
18. Describing the sage: Zisi
19. Calculating the sage: Liu Hong
20. History Saint: Sima Qian
21. Music Saint: Li Guinian
22. Chess Saint: Yan Ziqing, Ma Suiming
23. Ci Saint: Su Shi
24. The Sage of Music: Guan Hanqing
25. The Sage of Medicine: Li Shizhen
26. The Sage of Soldiers: Sun Wu
27. The Sage of Wood: Lu Ban, Ma Jun
28. Wisdom Sage: Dongfang Shuo
29. Sword Sage: Pei Min
30. Sculpting Sage (Carving Sage): Yang Huizhi
31. Zi Sage: Cangjie
32. Zi Sage (the word here refers to the interpretation of characters): Xu Shen
33. Ghost Sage: Pu Songling
34. Literary (literary here refers to prose) saint: Ouyang Xiu
Extended information:
Saint information:
1. Confucius
Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), surnamed Kong, given name Qiu, styled Zhongni, was a native of Zou Yi (now Qufu, Shandong Province) of the state of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and his ancestral home was the Song Dynasty. Guoliyi (now Xiayi, Henan), an ancient Chinese thinker, educator, and founder of the Confucian school. ?
Confucius created the culture of private lectures and advocated benevolence, justice, etiquette, wisdom and trust. He once led some of his disciples to travel around the country for thirteen years. In his later years, he revised the Six Classics of Poems, Book, Rites, Music, Yi, and Spring and Autumn.
According to legend, Confucius once asked Laozi for advice and had three thousand disciples, including seventy-two sages. After Confucius's death, his disciples and his subsequent disciples recorded the words, deeds, quotes and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled them into the Confucian classic "The Analects of Confucius".
In ancient times, Confucius was revered as the "Sage of Heaven" and "The Wooden Duo of Heaven". He was one of the most erudite scholars in the society at that time. The most holy teacher, the most holy teacher of Dacheng Wenxuan Wang, the teacher for all generations.
His thoughts have a profound impact on China and the world, and he is listed as the first among the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World". As the influence of Confucius expanded, the "Confucius Ceremony" to worship Confucius once became a "big sacrifice" on the same level as the Chinese ancestor gods.
2. Du Fu (712-770), named Zimei, who called himself Shaoling Yelao, was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty. Together with Li Bai, he was called "Li Du". Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, he later moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province.
In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, known as "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are also collectively known as "Big Li Du", and Du Fu is often called "Old Du".
When Du Fu was a boy, he traveled to Wuyue and Qi and Zhao successively, during which time he went to Luoyang to fail in the examination. After the age of thirty-five, he first took the examination in Chang'an and failed; later he presented gifts to the emperor and nobles. Unable to succeed in officialdom, he witnessed with his own eyes the extravagance and social crisis of the upper class society in the Tang Dynasty.
In the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell. Du Fu traveled to many places. In the second year of Qianyuan (759), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he escaped the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the common people and national affairs.
He created famous works such as "Ascend the High", "Spring Look", "Northern Expedition", "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
Although Du Fu is a realist poet, he also has a wild and uninhibited side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroic spirit from his famous work "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking".
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has the grand ambition of "bringing the kings to Yao and Shun, and then making the customs pure." Although Du Fu was not well-known during his lifetime, he later became famous and had a profound impact on both Chinese and Japanese literature. About 1,500 poems by Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected in "Du Gongbu Collection".
In the winter of the fifth year of the Dali calendar (770), Du Fu died of illness at the age of fifty-nine. Du Fu had a profound influence on Chinese classical poetry. He was called the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations, and his poems were called the "History of Poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
3. Zhang Zhongjing
Zhang Zhongjing (about 150-154 AD - about 215-219 AD), named Zhongjing, was born in Nieyang County, Nanyang (now Henan Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty A native of Zhangzhai Village, Rangdong Town, Dengzhou City, Province. A famous medical scientist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, he was revered as a medical sage by later generations.
Zhang Zhongjing collected medical prescriptions extensively and wrote the masterpiece "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" which has been handed down from generation to generation. The principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment established by it is the basic clinical principle of traditional Chinese medicine and the soul of traditional Chinese medicine.
In terms of prescriptions, Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases has also made great contributions, creating many dosage forms and recording a large number of effective prescriptions. The treatment principles of syndrome differentiation based on the six meridians established by him have been highly praised by medical scientists of all ages.
This is the first medical monograph in China that establishes the principles of syndrome differentiation and treatment from theory to practice. It is one of the most influential works in the history of Chinese medicine. It is an essential classic work for later scholars to study traditional Chinese medicine. It is widely praised by medical practitioners. attention from doctors and clinicians.
4. Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi (303-361, one version says 321-379), with a courtesy name of Yishao, was a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was known as the "Sage of Calligraphy". Langya was born in Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong), and later moved to Shanyin, Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), and lived in seclusion in Jinting, Shan County in his later years.
He successively served as secretary Ying, general Ningyuan, governor of Jiangzhou, and later as internal history of Kuaiji, leading the right general. His calligraphy is good at Li, Cao, Kai, Xing and other styles. He studies the styles carefully, imitates them with his heart and hands, draws on the strengths of others, prepares various styles, and cultivates them in one furnace. He breaks away from the writing style of Han and Wei Dynasties and becomes his own style with far-reaching influence.
The style is peaceful and natural, the writing style is euphemistic and subtle, and it is beautiful and graceful. Li Zhimin commented: "Wang Xizhi's calligraphy not only expresses the simplicity and profoundness based on the philosophy of Lao and Zhuang, but also expresses the harmony based on the Confucian doctrine of the mean."
The representative work "Lanting Preface" is known as " The best running script in the world." In the history of calligraphy, he and his son Wang Xianzhi are collectively known as the "Two Kings".
5. Wu Daozi
Wu Daozi (about 680-759), also known as Daoxuan, was a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty and was honored as the Painting Saint in the history of painting. Han nationality, from Yangzhai (now Yuzhou, Henan). He was born around AD 680 (the first year of Yonglong) and died around AD 758 (the first year of Qianyuan).
He was solitary and poor, and gained a reputation for painting when he was young. He once served as county lieutenant in Xiaqiu, Yanzhou (now Ziyang, Shandong), but resigned soon after. Later he lived in Luoyang and engaged in mural creation. During the Kaiyuan period, he was called to the court for his good paintings and served successively as enshrined minister, doctor of internal medicine, and friend of Prince Ning.
I once studied calligraphy with Zhang Xu and He Zhizhang, and learned how to use pens by watching Aunt Gongsun dance with her sword. He is good at Buddhism, Taoism, gods and ghosts, figures, landscapes, birds and beasts, vegetation, pavilions, etc. He is especially good at Buddhism, Taoism, figures, and mural creation.
Baidu Encyclopedia——Sage