Kangxi
Emperor Kangxi was once praised as "a generation of saints". Historians even call it "the first good son of heaven since Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, and the only son of heaven who understands oriental culture, respects and superstitions his body in 25 years of history". Of course, how to evaluate Kangxi unilaterally is beyond the scope of this book. However, from the perspective of land, especially in terms of the sequelae left by its "moving to the border" to the country and the nation, this evaluation should be marked with a big question mark.
Of course, Kangxi should safeguard the recovery of Taiwan Province Province and complete the unification of mountains and rivers. 1683, he sent Shi Lang to lead 300 warships and 20,000 elite navy to defend Penghu. After seven days of fighting, Zheng Jing's military forces in Penghu were forced to retreat. Soon, Zheng Jing's son Zheng Ke? U sent someone to make peace, and the Qing army entered Taiwan Province Province smoothly. At the same time, the Qing authorities accepted Shi Lang's initiative to set up a prefecture (Taiwan Prefecture) and three counties (Taiwan County, Fengshan County and Zhuluo County) in Taiwan Province Province, which were subordinate to Fujian Province. Under the consistent treatment of the Central Committee of the Qing Dynasty, Taiwan Province Province became close to the mainland. At the same time, Kangxi stopped the expansion of Russia, personally marched into Junggar, Xinjiang, defeated galdan, and made Turkut of Mongolia surrender to the Qing Dynasty, thus protecting the unity of the country.
But think back carefully, the loss of Taiwan Province Province and Penghu in those years was rooted in the abandonment of land by the Ming authorities. At present, all Ming emperors are indifferent to the huge business opportunities rolling in from the sea, but they also turn a blind eye to the serious threats approaching from the sea. Oriental colonists drove this away, this took this island, and this took that island, and they were not taken seriously. When the Dutch snatched such a big island in Taiwan Province Province from their noses, Zhu Yuanzhang's gray grandchildren were blindsided. However, the national fortune declined and they lost their temperament. They can only hang Chongzhen from a crooked neck tree in Jingshan Park. In principle, with the glory of Kangxi, in the process of recovering Taiwan Province Province, we should think deeply about the losses of Taiwan Province Province, deeply understand the previous dynasties, and think carefully about the secret of the long-term confrontation between the old rival Zheng Shengli at sea, so as to learn from it the way of governing the country. A well-deserved saint is one who dares to learn and absorb the advantages of his opponent.
Strange to say, Kangxi severely punished Zheng Shengli's loyalty to the former dynasty, leaving a pair of elegiac couplets he loved: "The four towns are too worried, and the two islands have teachers, and they dare to fight for half of the northwest; The king has no one inch of land and resists his ambition, only to know that there is loneliness and loyalty in the sea. " However, he did not have an open vision to bear the victorious policy of this old enemy focusing on land operations, and did the opposite. Zheng Shengli loves and hates the sea. Zheng Shengli regarded the sea as a way out, and he regarded the sea as a dead end. During the years of fighting with Zheng, he actually listened to Zheng's army commander. He not only killed Zheng Zhilong, but also strengthened Zheng Shengli's determination to fight against bandits. He also continued to inherit the defeat of the Ming dynasty's maritime ban and the uprooting of civilian ships, and then carried out the "border removal order" for more than 20 years. Like chickens and ducks, he drove out all the people who have lived by the sea for generations and set up a no-man's land in the mainland. Now calm down and analyze, at the beginning of the founding of the Qing Dynasty, there seems to be no decent reason to announce the "relocation restriction order" in the northwest mainland, whether from a military or political and economic perspective. The only comment is that the Manchu royal nobles of nomadic people are afraid of the sea because they are unfamiliar with it; Or I believe in my hunting skills in Daxing 'anling and Changbai Mountain too much. I think that as long as there is no no man's land in the mainland, for example, opening a net on a grassland, catching Zheng Shengli is like catching a rabbit with a purse seine. The skulls of Kangxi and Shunzhi's Naifu were locked in the mountains and forests. You never imagined that the sea is a barrier to imprison you, and you regard the sea as a thoroughfare, a thoroughfare for you to gallop freely.
Zheng Shengli
In the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), the Qing authorities were angry that Zheng Shengli was motionless at the seaside, unable to reach and escape, and moved out of the previous sea-forbidden policy, forbidding fishing boats and merchant ships to go out to sea for fishing and trade, and forbidding foreign ships to dock in Hong Kong, hoping to trap Zheng Jiajun at sea. Fujian and Guangdong mainland residents were the first to bear the brunt, and then fishermen and businessmen who made a living in the South China Sea Islands were affected, which fundamentally cut off the way for these China islanders to survive. After the "sea ban" was pushed away, there was no voluntary migration, but the mainland was surrounded by borders, "businessmen disappeared" and even the road of fish and salt was blocked. People living on the island have lost the fundamental premise of consumption and survival, so they can't help but keep moving home or escape from the sea to make a living. Some islands that our ancestors used to manage for many years suddenly became uninhabited desert islands, which seriously hindered the development of the South China Sea Islands by the country and the nation.
166 1 March, Zheng Shengli successfully landed in Taiwan Province province via Penghu, and they were invincible together. The Qing authorities were impatient, and soon it was hard to see, and announced a more complete and cruel "order to move the capital." First, the imperial court sent people to observe the situation in the northwest mainland, and drew the drawings of border relocation, and then urged the two Manchu princes to supervise the government's work according to the drawings. For the first time from Shandong to Guangdong, all mainland residents moved inland for 50 miles, and all mainland ships were destroyed, and the debris was not allowed to be preserved. Where streams and rivers accumulate, goods are not allowed to cross the border, and soldiers are also placed. Hope, offenders die without forgiveness. "1662, that is, during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Yuan Dynasty, the Dutch governor who occupied Taiwan Province Province signed a surrender letter, and Zheng Shengli unilaterally restored Taiwan Province Province," celebrating on the island ". When the news came, the Qing court was furious and announced the "relocation order" again, forcing the residents of Raoping, Chenghai, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Huilai to Lianjiang, Hepu and Qinzhou in Guangdong to move 50 miles inland. Except Macao, the port near the island was closed and the ship was wrecked and stopped living. The imperial edict also ordered that the forbidden area in Yuheng be completely dismantled, that farming be prohibited, that fishermen be prohibited from going out to sea to fish, and that those out of bounds cut off contacts. Then ordered Raoping Dacheng Qianhu Station to start from Liwei in the east and build stumps along Qinzhou Fangcheng in the west, and sent heavy troops to defend it. The time limit for moving the border is only three days, and it is necessary to "empty the land and empty the people." Residents who are unwilling to move, regardless of sex, age and age, will have their skulls cut off. The sudden death of the people of South Guangdong is riddled with holes and hardships. According to a rough budget, the death toll in eight counties in eastern Guangdong alone reached hundreds of thousands. Qu Dajun wrote sadly in "Guangdong New Talk": "Since the beginning of eastern Guangdong, there is nothing worse than this in life. "
In this way, Kangxi also suspected that "moving the capital" was not complete. 1664 in may, the court also called it "stealing fish and salt from relocated households, fearing that they would still go to sea", and made them move inward for another 30 miles. Residents in Shunde, Panyu, Nanhai, Haiyang and other places in Guangdong who were not within the relocation boundaries staged another round of homeless and separated demolition comedies. One move, two moves and three moves basically set the boundary of the mainland's no-man's land, with the farthest interval reaching 200 to 300 miles. At that time, violent demolition was also carried out. Officials of all sizes hold the "boundary-shifting order", first set the two ends of the "boundary-shifting" and straighten them with ropes as the ironclad boundary. Unfortunately, some residents' houses are built on the border, and the border crosses at both ends, so half of them are demolished, and the government does not care whether the remaining half can live in people. Some also dig deep trenches on the border to separate the outside from the inside. A little too deep, "out of bounds", capital punishment. The sea patrol envoys sent by the Qing court demarcated Xinhui, even taking the surging river as the demarcation standard, in fact, "taking the city as the boundary", which completely abandoned the fertile land near the city wall. In the past, the prosperous suburbs of Xinhui, Guangdong, such as Huancheng, Li Le, Jiangmen and other places, were also included in the scope of immigration at that time, and there was a tragic situation of "every household singing folk songs".
After several relocations, it touched 28 counties in Guangdong and went deep into the contiguous areas of Tianlu and the developed areas of agriculture, industry and commerce. One million people moved, and the degree of abandonment was * * * 5,365,438+0,000 mu. There are countless floating population who leave their homes voluntarily, support the old and take care of the young, wander and beg, and starve to death. Huang Jushi, a writer in Shuinan, Jiangmen, wrote a trip to the countryside and mourning for Jiangmen, describing the tragic situation of moving to the border ahead of time. There is such a sentence full of blood and tears: "The new dynasty guards the sea and does not guard the border, fearing that the thunder will be delayed? I was shocked to see a flag standing in front of the village. The king's order forced me to move urgently. Vilen absolutely sobbed when she went out with her wife and children. Whoever has no house omen has no home, once his hometown becomes a mound. This body does not protect itself, and I hope to reunite with my hometown. " Fujian and Taiwan Province Province are indirectly deadlocked across the sea, so the implementation of "boundary transfer" naturally bears the brunt. Fujian officials later took flag planting as the boundary, followed by wooden fences and bamboo fences. Since then, the standard of demarcation has become higher and higher, and the requirements have become more and more demanding. Or dig a deep ditch, or build a cutoff wall with soil, and then simply recruit migrant workers to build it on a large scale, and rebuild the cutoff wall made of soil into a legally binding boundary wall. At the same time, villages and piers are set at regular intervals along the boundary wall, with one pier in five miles and one village in ten miles. It takes more than three thousand taels of silver to build a village, and the cost of building a pier is about half that of building a village. The court refused to pay, forcing the whole town to pay. "Kao sweeps the whip?" I wonder how many people died. "After the completion of the stockade and wharf, the wharf will be guarded by five soldiers, and the stockade will be guarded by six soldiers to prevent people from crossing the border to the seaside. Anyone who breaks the rules will be "killed without forgiveness" The province is close to Dongshan County, Guangdong Province. When it moved to the border, it was difficult for it to leave the hometown of ordinary people. When they were too tired to move, the official army killed nearly 30 thousand residents. This book records the whole story of the Zheng family in Taiwan Province. On the sixth day of March in the third year of Kangxi (1664), the Qing army brigade entered Dongshan, "driving mainland residents into the frontier, building walls as the boundary, and longitudinal sergeant vigorously plundered and killed mountains and accumulated water. "Taiwan Province Province Foreign Records" describes: "On Dongshan Island, the masses were idle for a while, and the sound of wailing carried the road. Wandering in villages and towns is very tragic. They abandoned their husbands and children, lost their fathers and wives, and the old and the young were all over the ravines, and the bones were in the wilderness. "At present, only ten survivors go to their hometown in Dongshan.
1998 broadcast a TV drama praising "Emperor Kangxi", introduced Yao Qisheng's cunning and cunning, and expressed "moving to the extreme" with tenderness and great love. It is not only said that "moving the border" and banning the sea are for the long-term stability of the country, but also that the court sympathizes with the hardships of the people who moved around and is indifferent to them. First, as early as in the frontier, we have prepared twice as much land for the migrants, and we will not collect grain for three years, so whoever plants the land in the current three years will belong to him; Second, if you don't bring enough things during the migration, you can carry them with the help of tigers' chariots and horses. All the elderly over 60 years old are carried by soldiers, who are brave on their shoulders. On the screen, the old lady smiled and sat in the official sedan chair, and men, women and children were busy moving. In fact, the Qing authorities did not have any way to properly resettle the refugees, but there were many ways to prevent the refugees from going to their hometown. When residents are driven out of the place where they have lived for generations, they will immediately destroy their houses and tear down the walls. Those who have no time to join will be crushed to death in the collapsed Yuhengli. As for the "nail house" who stayed at their residence and refused to move, the government sent people to set fire to Yuheng, and "there was no rubble left", and people died with recovery. Then, the fields that farmers worked so hard to plant were destroyed, and the trees that had been managed for generations were cut down. "Thousands of forest fruit trees, most of which embrace pine and cypress, are exhausted", "This is a desolate scene". Those who succumb to the official relocation, on the way, "the people died more than half, and they passed by." With the support of liquidation and going to the frontier, I faced the disappointment that life was worse than death. The premise that Yao Qisheng was allowed to settle down was full of deceptive words. "Records of the Lord of the Qing Dynasty" cannot but admit: "People who migrated lost their jobs."
The First Opium War (1840- 1842)
Of course, as some scholars have said, during the reign of Kangxi, he was also keen on understanding western culture, and he was very fond of two missionaries from Europe, Tang Ruowang and ferdinand verbiest. He was particularly interested in their mastery of the western calendar, and once let the princes and ministers enjoy the contest of calculating an eclipse by China astromathematicians, Hui Hui astromathematicians and western astromathematicians happily, and finally Ferdinand ferdinand verbiest and Tang Ruowang won by only 5 minutes. It goes without saying, however, that his view level is still at the level of the Wanli emperor of the previous dynasty, and he regards it as "strange skill and cunning", which is nothing more than satisfying his curiosity or as a knickknack for the survival of the court. What is the center of western culture? It is a powerful maritime country. Kangxi, who was born in a nomadic tribe, and his team in Korea were the same as the nomadic people who surrendered to the Central Plains by force. At this time, the most fascinating and concerned thing is to integrate into the farming culture of the Central Plains for more than 2,000 years as soon as possible. The surrenders in the north and south are also keen to use Confucius and Mencius to innovate these primitive and backward hunters and alienate the surrenders with old culture to balance the original unbalanced mentality. Therefore, in the face of western countries coming from the sea in succession, merchant ships and warships on the other side of the ocean are knocking on the door of China, and everyone in the ruling and opposition parties turns a deaf ear. Even in the opposite direction, China's land assets accumulated for thousands of years were destroyed by a relocation order, which turned a land country into a rewarded hinterland "landlocked country" and made room for the massive invasion of the eastern powers in the future.
The author has discussed with some experts and scholars that playing with fire is the most terrible thing to ban migration, which has imprisoned the vision of the whole country and the ideological vitality of the nation. How can such a big China hide in a snail's shell for hundreds of years, turn a blind eye to the drastic changes in the world brought about by the vast sail sea in Europe, and talk about "the day is stable and the road is stable". The cleverest common sense class has also got into the pile of old papers, and one after another has set off exegesis, annotations and rectification fever on national heritage. Not only far from the land, but also far from the ideal. If we say that in the past, Zhu Yuanzhang declared "no sea ban" with a narrow view of hometown, making China a laggard in the world; Then, Kangxi carried out the "border-shifting order" with a narrow nomadic view, and planted the bitter fruit that made China suffer from the sea power expansion of the eastern powers. British people who are bent on making China an empire and tea garden where the sun never sets will soon meet our grandfather Qianlong with their modern cultural effects and land thinking mode.
Cao Cao has a very famous poem: "The Duke of Zhou vomited food, and the whole country returned to the heart." It expresses Cao Cao's attention and love for talents. But throughout Cao Cao's life, of course, many powerful talents will be extracted from him, but he also lost many sages who had the opportunity to succeed. As long as Cao Cao is willing to grasp the truth diligently, these people may still be used by Cao Cao. If Cao Cao can really lose these people, it will be easier for him to identify with the hope of the whole country. Unfortunately, the first one didn't lose the truth.
The 7 th gaoshun
Gao Shun was a corps commander under the account of Lu Bu in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Seibel and Lu Bu fought on all sides, directly under more than 700 people, claiming to be thousands. Armor and soldiers are simple and unified, strictly abide by military discipline and strict equipment, and fight bravely. Seibel led a team to invade the enemy camp every time, and quickly captured the enemy camp, and fled regardless of the wind, so the team led by Seibel had a good reputation of "trapped camp".
He advised Lu Bu many times, and Lu Bu knew his loyalty and could not use it. After Cao Cao broke Lu Bu, Seibel refused to surrender to Cao Cao and remained silent. Cao Cao stopped him at first. Seibel is a very brave warrior, and it is difficult to get your daughter easily. If Cao Cao had been patient and persuaded Gao Shun to surrender, he would have been a valiant soldier in Cao Cao's present national war. Unfortunately, Cao Cao committed suicide.
Sixth Chen Gong
Chen Gong, also known as Gong Tai, was the chief counselor under Lu Bu's account at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Simple and straightforward, ingenious, I made friends with overseas celebrities when I was young. 192, Liu Dai, the secretariat of Yanzhou, died while conquering Qingzhou Yellow Scarf. Chen Gong and others thought that Cao Cao would take over Yanzhou Pastoral, and Cao Cao regarded him as a confidant. But later, Chen Gong made an enemy with Cao Cao because he killed some celebrities at the end of the Han Dynasty, such as Bian Rang. After Lu Bu's victory, he was captured by Cao Cao together with Lu Bu and others and fought to the death.
Cao Cao tried to persuade him to be an official again, but Chen Gong was unmoved and died in court. After that, the Chen Gong family got continuous support from Cao Cao. Chen Gong is still very resourceful. In those days, Lu Bu and he almost ended Cao Cao's lair. It's just that he followed the wrong slave, and Lu Bu didn't listen to him many times and missed the opportunity again and again. At first, I was defeated and killed. Of course, if Chen Gong is willing to surrender now, he will find a good position in Cao Cao's advisers' group and make suggestions for Cao Cao's consistent cause.
Fifth ma Chao
Ma Chao, whose name is Meng Qi, was born in Maoling, Fufeng, the ancestor of Han generals, the son of Marten, and became famous as a teenager. Cao Cao called Ma Chao into Beijing as an official many times, but he refused. When Cao Cao was prime minister, he wanted to attract Ma Chao to be an official, but Ma Chao didn't go to work. After conquering the national source, Cao Cao asked Ma Chao to be the secretariat of Xuzhou in the name of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, but Ma Chao still didn't go to work. Cao Cao changed Ma Chao to an admonition officer.
Later, Ma Teng entered the DPRK as an official at Zhang Ji's suggestion and was appointed as Wei Yan. Ma Chao's two younger brothers Matthew and Ma Tie were also appointed as captains of chariots and horses, but Ma Chao stayed in Liangzhou and was appointed as some generals and commander-in-chief of Marten's team. I don't know why this Ma Chao doesn't want to follow Cao Cao. If Ma Chao was willing to be Cao Cao's official in the past, then Ma Chao was one of the leading soldiers. It can be said that Cao Cao really helped the tiger.
Fourth Zhao Yun
Zhao Yun followed Liu Bei for almost 30 years, participated in the Battle of Bowangpo, the Battle of Changbanpo and the Battle of Maintaining Stability in the South of the Yangtze River, and independently commanded the Battle of Entering Sichuan, the Battle of Hanshui and the Battle of Ji Gu, all of which achieved very good results. Liu Bei led hundreds of thousands of people to retreat from Jiangling. Cao Cao knew that Jiangling was afraid of being occupied by Liu Bei, so he led 5,000 jackals to ride for 300 miles a day and night until Dangyang defeated Liu Bei. In the midst of the chaos, Liu Bei left home and retreated with Zhang Fei, Zhuge Liang and Zhao Yun. On the way, Zhao Yun returned to Changbanpo alone, rode away with the jackal, and finally rescued the mother and son. In the real past, Cao Cao wanted to capture Zhao Yun alive, so he didn't order a bow and arrow, or ten Zhao Yun would have died. Think about it, if Cao Cao captured Zhao Yun alive and surrendered him, it would be an extra boost for Cao Cao to destroy the world. It's just that this is a fantasy after all.
The third Guan Yu
In the past, Cao Cao personally took the lion to beat Liu Bei, and Liu Bei fled to Yuan Shao. Guan Yu was defeated and captured alive, and he had to surrender. Cao Cao received courtesy and was hired as a partial general. Cao Cao knew in advance whether Guan Yu had lingering feelings, and asked Zhang Liao to inquire with respect. Guan Yu sighed at Zhang Liao: "I know Tsao Gong's deep love for me, but I was sworn to death by the great kindness of General Liu Bei, and I can't break my word.
I won't stay until the end. I will say goodbye after making achievements for Tsao Gong. "Zhang Liao motioned to Cao Cao, who knew Guan Yu would take French leave, but added a gift to keep him, but Guan Yu sealed Cao Cao's gift, leaving a book to say goodbye and return to Liu Bei. Cao Cao wanted to hunt him down nearby, but Cao Cao thought he was frightened by his master. If Cao Cao insists on not letting Guan Yu go and then kills Liu Bei earlier, Guan Yu can only be Cao Cao's.
The second Lu Bu
When Lu Bu defeated Cao Cao, he said to Cao Cao, "My opponent's men were cruel enough, but they defected to me together for the time being." Cao Cao said: You cheated on your wife and had an affair with several of your wives. How can it be mean? "Lyu3 bu4 was silent. Once Lu Bu asked to untie him, Cao Cao said with a smile, "We should tie up the mountain army tightly. Lu Bu added, "Cao Gong lost me, and I led the cavalry and Cao Gong led the infantry, which can unify the whole country. "
Cao Cao was very moved, but Liu Bei said, "Gong Ming, have you seen how Lu Bu supported Ding Jianyang and Dong Zhongshu?" Before he died, Lu Bu said, "Liu Bei, the eldest son, is the most incredible!" Finally, Lu Bu was killed and then beheaded. You see, if it weren't for Liu Bei's magic sword, Cao Cao might not have killed Lu Bu and would have used him again. If Lu Bu can join hands with Cao Cao, this country will be much easier to fight.
First Zhuge Liang
Zhuge Liang, also known as Kong Ming, was the prime minister of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. He is an outstanding politician, strategist, diplomat, essayist, calligrapher, inventor and writer. In his later years, he went to Jingzhou with his uncle Zhuge Xuan. Behind Zhuge Xuan, Zhuge Liang was cultivated in Longzhong. After Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage, he was invited to come out and help Liu Bei establish Shu Han. Cao Cao is a man who loves talents. He only regrets that he is not as good as Liu Bei's fate and lacks a referee. If Cao Cao used to manage the thatched cottage and asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain, all he had to do was be sincere. Are you afraid that Zhuge Liang will not submit? If Zhuge Liang really followed Cao Cao, Cao Cao would not have been defeated in Chibi, and the whole country would be really relieved, wouldn't you say so?
Cao Cao is not a saint, and he may leave a legacy of the sea. Of course, talents and other tools should also pay attention to water and soil. With the cow force of others, Cao Cao may not be able to display his ambition to become a cow force in the eyes of others. Because there are too many real talents in Cao Cao's hands, Cao Cao himself is a political and military talent, so he can't work for him and wants to make great achievements. I think Zhuge Liang didn't help Cao Cao automatically at first, and he also had some ideas in this regard. Friends who like history books, bid farewell to caring and cherishing my articles. Let's study history books together, feel history books, take history as a mirror and learn from history.
1990 It is still rare for people to go abroad in September. It was mainly divided into public schools at that time. Public schools are already very handsome in China, and some of them go abroad at public expense. Public schools are even better. In that country, material things are not embarrassing, but the economic development between China and foreign countries (mainly compared with Europe, America and Japan) is very different. When each of us earns hundreds of dollars a year, others earn tens of thousands of dollars a year. Therefore, those who can afford to go abroad are also "people who get rich first".
The boss of a unit where I once worked went abroad at public expense, but their family was not a "rich boy". The boss's father is just an ordinary toll collector. I don't know what his father thinks, so I had to work hard to send my son in advance. The boss started to study in a university abroad, but later he failed to "graduate" (it is said that the thesis was too difficult). He worked as a chef in a Chinese restaurant, and it is not a problem to be a chef all the time. At this moment, some people from Taiwan Province Province and China came to visit and used fluent Mandarin as their tour guides. After that, he unexpectedly earned his first bucket of gold, registered a travel agency in a Chinese restaurant, and then set up a branch in China to follow China's economy. The company is now one of the large and medium enterprises in this industry. In today's words, people who always stand in the air often let them fly. In today's tourism industry, almost all large travel agencies are founded by students who went abroad in September.
Now there are still hundreds of thousands of people going abroad every year (with less public expenses), and some of them are still "Chinese tour guides" abroad, following the path taken by their elders in September, but there is also a new situation, that is, "purchasing". I don't know when a group of "middle class" appeared in China, and their search for foreign high-quality products gave birth to "purchasing". At present, as long as110 people hold passports in Chinese mainland, this number is expected to increase further.
Submission materials: 1 passport, 2 photos, 3 application forms, 4 copies of ID card, 5 copies of resignation confirmation, and 6 copies of bank flow (detailed flow demand in the last year, with a cumulative entry of at least 200,000). You can apply for a multiple-entry visa for three years and five years in Japan. If you are interested, please log on to the overseas port access network (jingwaidijie.com) to register, and a staff member will contact you after registration.
In April of the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), Prince Li Chenggan was abolished for treason. With the support of Zuo Wuhou and Sun Chang Wuji, Li Zhi, the king of Jin at the age of 15, was made a prince by Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin. In the 23rd year of Zhenguan (649), Emperor Taizong died in Cuiwei Palace, leaving Sun Chang Wuji and Chu Suiliang to assist the imperial court. Prince Li Zhi was ecstatic, holding his uncle Sun Chang mowgli's neck and crying. In June, Prince Li Zhi succeeded Tang Gaozong. Wuji worships Qiu and Tong Zhongshu, and is in charge of state affairs. In advance, I assisted Wuji as Uncle Yuan and gave priority to every suggestion. However, this honeymoon period did not last long. Sun Chang Wuji, as a trusted official who supported meritorious service, was also the son of heaven and an uncle. At first, he died at the hands of my nephew.
Sun Chang Wuji was a man of the hour on the political stage in the early Tang Dynasty. From Tang Yuan's founding of Datang, to the Blood Palace in Li Shimin, and then to the smooth handover in Li Zhi, each level bears the infinite wisdom, calculation and sweat of Sun Chang. Sun Chang Wuji is loyal to Datang, and has always been unswerving and eccentric. The first three emperors of Li Tang were also indifferent to him from generation to generation, and they were very fond of him. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, once said to his ministers, "I want to own the whole country, but I have no right!" Among the 24 sinners in Lingyange are General Zuo Wuhou and Zhao Guogong. After Li Zhi, the king of Jin Dynasty, ascended the throne, he took charge of the state affairs by supporting his uncle Wuji, sealing Qiu and Tong Zhongshu. As the ninth son of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, Li Zhi had no talent and skill except the disadvantage of the first son, and few ministers supported him in the DPRK. He became emperor because his uncle Sun Chang was infinite. So at the beginning of Li Zhi's accession to the throne, his nephews and uncles had a harmonious relationship with ministers.
However, Sun Chang Wuji soon got involved in a court struggle, and it was because of his position in this struggle that he finally ended in tragedy. In the fifth year of Yonghui (654), Li Zhi wanted to abolish the king and made (Wu Zetian) the queen. In order to gain the support of Sun Chang Mowgli, a veteran etiquette, Li Zhi and Wu Shi gave a banquet to Mowgli's home, gave him two cars and ten cars, and hired Mowgli's three illegitimate children as doctors in the DPRK to express Mowgli's support for waste by saying that the queen had no children. Mowgli looked around and the emperor was disappointed. Later, Wu's mother and Li Shangshu went to Wuji's house for advice many times, but they were all rejected. Wuji kept saying, "The queen has not lost her virtue, but she is innocent and afraid of strengthening the country!"
In the sixth year of Yonghui, with the strong support of Li Zhi, Wuji and Chu Suiliang, who had already had bad blood, he promulgated the abolition of the queen and changed it to Wu. Then, Sun Chang Wuji and Chu Suiliang were successively demoted, and 60-year-old Chu Suiliang was demoted to Aizhou (now Vietnamese Qinghua) and died a few years later. Regarding my uncle Sun Chang Wuji, who once supported me to ascend to the throne, Li Zhi and Wu Shi first immigrated him to Guizhou (now Guizhou Province), and later wrote to cut his official fief and confiscate his property. Sun Chang Wuji's son was dismissed from office, removed from his name and exiled to Lingnan. Even at this moment, Wu Shi and Li Zhi still didn't let him go. Soon, Li Zhi ordered a retrial of Sun Chang Wuji's rebellion case, and sent messengers to oppress Sun Chang Wuji and hanged himself (at the age of 65). Uncle Yuan, who supported great achievements, ended up in a displaced situation. In the first year of Shangyuan (674), Tang Gaozong restored the title of Wuji in Sun Chang, and ordered his grandson Yuan to inherit the title of Duke Zhao and be buried with Zhaoling.