Beiping Beijing is one of the "four ancient capitals" in China, with six world heritages and the largest number of cultural heritage projects in the world. It is a famous historical and cultural city with a history of more than 3,000 years and a capital history of more than 860 years, with numerous historical sites and cultural landscapes.
Jianye is now the capital of Sun Quan in Nanjing, where the capitals of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties were successively established, so Nanjing is known as the "ancient capital of the Six Dynasties". Today, Nanjing Library retains the ruins of Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties. Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties was the largest city in the world at that time, with a population of one million. It is the first city in the world with a population of over one million. Its developed economy and prosperous culture preserved the ancient Jiangnan culture in China. The culture of the Southern Dynasties represented by Jiankang, together with Nanjing and Rome in the Six Dynasties, is called "the two centers of world classical civilization" and has a far-reaching influence in human history.
During the Five Dynasties after the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were constant conflicts between China's heroes. Jinling House, the capital of Southern Tang Dynasty, is located in the south of the Yangtze River. Since Yang Wu, there has been no major war in China for more than 70 years. The markets on both sides of Qinhuai River are booming and merchants gather. The prosperity of economy is accompanied by the development of culture, and poetry, calligraphy and painting are popular for a generation. Emperors Li Jing and Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty were both famous poets. "The drizzle dreams back to the chicken, and the small building blows through the jade cold" (Li Jing), "How much can I care about you? Like a river flowing eastward "(Li Yu) is a famous sentence sung through the ages. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Jinling still maintained the city scale of the Southern Tang Dynasty and was famous as the economic center of the southeast region. Wang Anshi, a famous politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, served as the magistrate of Jiangning for three times, and settled here until his death. Yue Fei, a famous Southern Song Dynasty star, defeated Jin Bing in Niushou Mountain in the southern suburbs. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was an East-West Weaving and Dyeing Bureau in the city, which organized mass production of silk products and had more than 6,000 professional craftsmen. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor, and Nanjing became the national government.
Cultural center, Nanjing was the largest city in the world in Ming Dynasty. It took 2 1 year to build a 35.3-kilometer-long wall, which is the largest wall in the world. At the foot of Jilong Mountain, there are nearly 10,000 imperial academy students, as well as overseas students from Japan, North Korea and other countries studying here.
Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as Thousand Buddha Cave, is regarded as the most valuable cultural discovery in the 20th century. It is located in Dunhuang at the western end of Hexi Corridor and is famous for its exquisite murals and statues. It was founded in the Sixteen Kingdoms period before Qin Dynasty, and has formed a huge scale after the Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties. There are 735 caves, 45,000 square meters of murals and 24 15 clay sculptures. It is the largest and richest Buddhist art shrine in the world. There are more than 50,000 ancient cultural relics found in the Tibetan Sutra Cave in modern times, from which a discipline specializing in the study of Tibetan Sutra Cave classics and Dunhuang art-Dunhuang studies. 196 1 was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 1987, listed as a world cultural heritage.
Yungang Grottoes are located at the southern foot of Wuzhou Mountain in the western suburbs of Datong City, Shanxi Province. Grottoes are dug along the mountain, stretching from east to west 1km. There are 45 main caves with more than 565,438+0,000 statues, making it one of the largest ancient caves in China. Together with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Luoyang Longmen Grottoes and Tianshui Maijishan Grottoes, it is also called the four major grottoes art treasures in China. 196 1 was announced by the State Council as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China, and 2001214 was listed in the World Heritage List by UNESCO, and was rated as the first batch of national 5A-level tourist attractions by the National Tourism Administration on May 8, 2007.
Longmen Grottoes is one of the treasures of stone carving art in China, and it is a national AAAAA-level scenic spot, located on Longmen Mountain and Xiangshan Mountain on both sides of Yihe River in the southern suburbs of Luoyang. It was dug in the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and then it was built on a large scale in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty for more than 400 years, with a length of 1 km from north to south. Today, there are 2345 caves, more than 654.38 million statues and more than 2800 inscriptions. Among them, Longmen Twenty is the essence of Weibei calligraphy, and Chu Suiliang's A Que Buddhist Shrine Monument is a model of regular script art in the early Tang Dynasty. Longmen Grottoes lasted for a long time, spanning many dynasties. They reflect the development and changes of China ancient politics, economy, religion, culture and many other fields from different aspects with a large number of physical images and written materials, and have made great contributions to the innovation and development of China Grottoes. In 2000, it was listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO.