First of all, between teachers and friends
Xu Wei, a native of Shanyin County, Fushan, Shaoxing, was a famous writer in Ming Dynasty. He is an outstanding figure in the history of Shaoxing and occupies a decisive position in the history of Shaoxing literature. But he tried again and again, but died young. He once killed his wife because of depression, which led to seven years in prison, and his life was full of tragedy. During his miserable life, many friends extended a helping hand to him, among which his compatriots Zhang Tianfu and Zhang Yuanji and his son had to be mentioned. Zhang's father and son had a great influence on Xu Wei's life, so that Xu Wei listed Zhang's father and son as "genes" in The Year of Spectrum Change.
Zhang Tianfu, whose real name is Fu Heng, is from Neishan. Xu Wei was eight years old. Although his reputation in later generations was far less than that of Xu Wei, at that time, his fame and status were far above that of Xu. In the twenty-second year of Jiajing, Zhang Tianfu was a juren, and in the twenty-sixth year he returned to Zhongshi. Although Zhang Keju was unsuccessful, he was a scholar at the age of 3/kloc-0 and a scholar at the age of 35. He is no longer a junior, but he had a good reputation as a student. Xu Wei wrote in the preface to making Zhang Gong sixty years old, "Learning makes the public less surprised. There are many fleas among all the students. When I am free, I hold my Buddhist scriptures, hoping to see me in the jujube piano art field. CCBA has accepted as many as 100 disciples, and they are all enough to be my disciples. However, the public does not regard me as a disciple. " Xu Wei is willing to give Zhang Tianfu an apprentice gift, but Zhang Tianfu doesn't want to regard Xu Wei as a condescending teacher and friend. The two of them should have more discussions and exchanges in the field of study, which should be the relationship between teachers and friends. The reason why Zhang Tianfu treats Xu Wei like this may be because he values Xu Wei's talent. Because Xu Wei showed great talent at an early age:
At the age of six, he began to teach from 0755 to 79000, reciting more than 1000 words every day. At the age of nine, when you become an article, you can write a chapter and a sentence. Gentlemen and gentlemen, known as the jewel of precious trees, have the ratio of Ada and Yang Xiu, which is common sense, so I dare not mention it.
He was born at the age of nine and has learned to write manna.
Nine-year-old Neng wrote a poem for children, including twelve poems-three for snow and sixteen for college. Although the above written records are all Xu Wei's self-reports, I'm afraid they may be slightly overestimated, but Xu Wei's talent when he was young can also be seen. When he was young, Xu Wei rose to fame among all the students. In the nineteenth year of Jiajing, Zhang, the magistrate of Shaoxing, was attracted by his name and discussed with him his ambition to repair the government. Wei Xu contributed to Jetsuper. Compiling local chronicles is not an easy task, but also necessary.
Two. Entongre- creation
Xu Wei's family has always been poor. At the age of fourteen, Miao's foster mother died, and she lived on her eldest brother. At the age of 20, he was admitted to a scholar and made a living by teaching dreams. At the age of twenty-one, Pan was adopted by his wife. Only five years later, Pan Shi died of illness. During this period, his two brothers Lulu and Xu Huai died one after another, and their financial resources were cut off. At the age of 28, he moved out of the Pan family and rented his own house. At the age of twenty-nine, I welcomed my biological mother to raise her and bought a woman from Hangzhou-Hu Shi to wait on her. However, Hu Shi's products are inferior and Xu Wei sells them, so she and Hu Shi have been involved in lawsuits for many years, which leads to "it is difficult to suppress." Years of failure in the imperial examination made life more difficult. At the age of thirty-one, he lived in Pan Shi School of Agate Temple in Hangzhou, accompanied him to study, and "ate for two months", which shows Xu Wei's predicament. It is impossible for Zhang and his son not to know Xu Wei's predicament. They often help Xu Wei in various ways. Sometimes they invite Xu Wei to dinner to improve their material life. There are often poems by Xu Wei.
Zhang and his son also increased their income in some special ways. In the winter of the first year of Wanli, he left home because his father was ill. At that time, Yang Weixin, the magistrate of Huiji County, proposed to update the county annals. Because Zhang is the top scholar and has a prominent reputation, please take the lead, and Zhang strongly recommends Xu Wei for assistance. He recommended to Yang Weixin: "Today's bachelor of arts is better than Xu Shengwei who has no history." Although quite famous, in that era when scientific names were emphasized, it was probably difficult for a student and a murder suspect to enter the eyes of the county magistrate. It was Zhang's strong recommendation that made Xu Wei get the opportunity to compile county annals with the top scholar. At that time, Xu Wei was imprisoned for six years for killing his wife. He has just been released, and the plight of life can be imagined. Therefore, Zhang's recommendation to Xu Wei is no less than a timely help. This job of editing county annals has given him a relatively stable income for the time being, which can avoid lack of money. These two outstanding historians and scholars are very efficient, and they finished the county annals in less than half a year. Wanli's Zhang Yunnan Ma Jin Nang is a well-received county chronicle, which stands out among many Ming Dynasty chronicles. Based on the four books of land, governance, household and ceremony, the records are divided into evolution, mountains and rivers, customs, officials and teachers. Among them, there are 3 geographical books, which record the evolution, boundaries, shapes, mountains and rivers, customs and products; The book 1 records the establishment of officials and cities; Four volumes of books, recording household registration, tax payment, water conservancy and disasters; The Book of Rites consists of eight volumes, which records officials, officials, elections, figures, shrines, historical sites and temples. There are also 4 general comments and 19 sub-comments. These four general theories are local general theory, administrative general theory, family general theory and ritual general theory. There are 19 sub-theories, namely, evolution theory, boundary theory, shape victory theory, mountains and rivers theory, custom theory, property theory, official system theory, city building theory, household registration theory, tax payment theory, water conservancy theory, disaster difference theory, official teacher theory, official trace theory, character theory, election theory, shrine worship theory, historical trace theory and temple view theory. The four general chapters and 19 sub-chapters play an important role in outlining the whole book. The theory of placing books is rare in old records and even new records, which can be said to be an innovation of this kind of records. At the same time, the book focuses on the four books of land, governance, household and etiquette, and also has the function of highlighting key points and distinguishing people clearly. Therefore, future generations' evaluation of this ambition is: "The four books tools are just a little preparation for the way of the city, so that people living in this city can observe the geographical suitability, promote governance, and guide according to their people's interests." In fact, most of this county annals were completed by Xu Wei, and the style was basically drawn up by him, which can be proved by the county annals received in 2008. Xu Weiji, the emperor of Wanli, not only provided Xu Wei with temporary food and clothing, but also gave him the opportunity to give full play to his historical talents. Later scholars spoke highly of Wanli's "Records of Huiji County": "Records of Huiji County and Records of Huiji County are strict enough to be loyal to history." This is Xu Wei's outstanding contribution to local chronicles, which is immortal enough, and it is Zhang who contributed to this.
In 200 AD, there were many poems written for Zhang. Because Zhang was a top scholar and had a high literary reputation, many people were attracted by his poems. However, Zhang was tied up in official business and it was difficult to meet one by one, so he asked Xu Wei to write for him so that he could get some money to improve his life. Of course, some entertainment works between close relatives and friends may not necessarily have the cost of polishing pens, but articles such as Huiji County Records and Zhejiang Celebrities Records should have the capital to polish pens.
Zhang and his son still live in Xu Wei. Because of the unfavorable imperial examinations in successive years, Xu Wei was unhappy, and the queen Zhang was not virtuous, and the two were at odds. Xu Wei then suspected Zhang's infidelity. In the winter of the forty-fifth year of Jiajing, Xu Wei made an extraordinary move, killed Zhang with a samarium and began his seven-year prison career. After Xu Wei went to prison, many of his relatives and friends helped him. However, the help of Zhang Tianfu, Zhang and his son, Zhu Dadai and others was the main reason why he survived death and was released on parole until he was officially released. When Xu Wei went to prison, Zhang Tianfu had been dismissed by his family, but he still tried to use his previous social connections to rescue Xu Wei. Shortly after Xu Wei's parole, it coincided with Zhang Tianfu's 60th birthday, so he wrote to Xu He, on the one hand to celebrate his birthday, and on the other hand to express his gratitude to Zhang and his son. In this article, he bluntly said, "Who can do it without being taken away?" Is to know the birth of many people. I am the parent. "After the death of Zhang Tianfu, Xu Wei wrote another poem" Pang Gongming ",including" Oh! I am a civil servant and I am willing to work with others. " "I want to work together, but I want to work together." "I am willing to do my best to get Xu Wei out of prison before Zhang Tian's resurrection. "Before he died, he didn't see Xu Wei officially coming out of the mountain. You can say that he died of ambition. It is because Zhang and his son have made great contributions to Xu Wei's release from prison that Xu Wei's feelings are so deep. At the beginning of Xu Wei's imprisonment, Zhang Yuanji was only a juren, and his father's unjust case delayed his official career and failed to save Xu Wei greatly. But five years later, when Qin Long won the first prize, his right to speak was greatly enhanced, which gave Xu Wei new hope of being released from prison. In the first month of five years, Zhang went to Beijing to take the exam, and Xu Wei wrote the poem "Dr. Zhang Yu Chao":
Make a scene and ask Wan to send his son. As soon as the light is hung, rest at night. A cup of green pepper, wine gall, people. With the spiny-walled rat, my heart is shaking. Don't shake hands, just listen. Call Lou. You bet your money, and then you throw out a million dollars.
In prison, but he is worried about the future and wants Zhang's high school. Sure enough, Zhang lived up to Xu Wei's expectations and was a top student in high school. Xu Wei was ecstatic when he heard the news in prison. He immediately wrote two poems entitled "Shou Xue Makes Zhang Gong Sixty Years Old" to congratulate Zhang Tianfu, and then wrote two poems to send Zhang Tianfu:
There are few flowers climbing under the shade, and the tallest branch is unparalleled. In the Southern Song Dynasty, only three people were appointed by Dongfeng to send books to serve the country and shock their ancestors, and one son was appointed as a minister to comfort the elderly. I want to see who sent Shi Qilin in my lucid dream.
From the Southern Song Dynasty to the present, Dongfeng paid only three people. Hundreds of years in the Southern Song Dynasty, only three Shaoxing people won the first prize in high school. Xu Wei did not express his wishes clearly in this poem, but he obviously pinned his hopes on Zhang Fu. In the second poem of the same name, vaguely expressed the hope of being rescued:
Qujiang can get a few tall branches, and the proud groom will collect them again. For three years, you were empty in northern Hebei and broke your hoof in Jiangxi. The water is shallow and the scales are hanging, and the mountains and rivers roar with thunder and mud. There should be guests where you play crown, but you know you are not dancing rainbow.
The phrase "hanging the scales in shallow water" points out his own situation, hoping that the Zhang family can pay attention to their own predicament and save themselves. Soon, Zhang returned to his hometown to visit relatives, and then went to Beijing to write books for academicians of the Hanlin Academy. Xu Wei wrote two poems by Lv Qi for Zhang Bei. In this poem, his desire for Zhang's help is strong and clear:
It's time to ride a horse and listen to the warbler. In the old days, officials knew each other, but in the new era, family judges were in the sleeve. Eupatorium adenophorum brings a gift of spring scenery, and Yuanxing leaves flowers for other talents. He said that Ganheng County was at the end, and he wanted to borrow Lei Feng from heaven.
Xu Wei compared himself to a dry scale with a tail hanging, and he needed a loan badly.
The so-called sentence in this poem, "I know the sky will be clear in the future, and I will listen to thunder in Jiaotan in the middle of the night", which means the most clearly that I hope Zhang Can will come to the rescue and let myself get out of prison as soon as possible. Zhang certainly lived up to Xu Wei's expectations and ran around to rescue Xu Wei. Soon, Xu Wei got the treatment to untie the cangue, so he made the moves of "offering Zhang Taifu Wen" and "sending Zhang to the senior high school entrance examination". Mr. Sheng Lang thinks that Xu Wei's solution to the shackles may be related to Zhang being the top scholar. There is a saying in Partridge Sky called "Be generous and stay with me for four years". It took four years from the first year of Qin Long to Qin Long, and the time was the same. Is reasonable. It is also reasonable for Zhang to plead for Xu Wei as the champion. This has already happened.
In the past six years, through the efforts of Zhang and others, the case of Xu Wei's wife killing was reviewed, and the review mainly focused on finding the reasons for Xu Wei's wife killing. In literary works
Of course, many relatives and friends have contributed to the rescue of Xu Wei. For example, assistant minister of rites, Zhu Dazhao, one of the ten sons of Vietnam, and Xu Ling of Shanyin County in the same year as Zhang also made great efforts. For example, on July 7th, 2002, Assistant Minister Li Xu mentioned in Shu Qi: "On the seventh day of the imperial court, Qin Si had to go out. Then I told you to wait for me. I came back to life. Every time I meet a vassal, I raise my hand and say,' I have lost the Ministry of Rites and the Ministry of Industry'. Or add an inch of candle, and you will find yourself in Chen Yun:' Don't forget Lao Zhang and zhangxin.' "It can be seen that many relatives and friends have extended a helping hand to Xu Wei, but Zhang and his son played a major role in it. Although the details of the rescue process are difficult to determine due to the lack of books, judging from the gratitude expressed by Xu Wei's poems to Zhang and his son and the fact that Zhang and his son are listed as Ji En in "Broken Machinery Fu", Zhang and his son undoubtedly played an important role in rescuing Xu Wei from prison. Therefore, it is no exaggeration that Zhang and his son jointly created Xu Wei's life. They are "noble people" in Xu Wei's life.
Third, drift away.
In the autumn of the eighth year of Wanli, Xu Wei came to Beijing at the invitation of Zhang Yuanji. This time, Zhang invited Xu Wei to Beijing for a good reason. Perhaps he thinks that Xu Wei's life is quite difficult, and hopes that he can make a living by his excellent calligraphy articles in Beijing. When Wei Xu was recruited to work in Beijing for two years, he lived next door to Zhang Yuan's family. He often writes articles for Zhang Yuanjia and other officials, such as Fu on Broken Machine, Xinzhai in Shangshu and Biography of Xu Wenchang. Xu Wei makes a living by selling goods and painting. It is these two years in Beijing that enabled Zhang and Xu to meet each other day and night. This frequent close contact makes both sides see each other's shortcomings. The so-called distance produces beauty, friends are everywhere, and occasionally get together to enhance feelings. Too frequent communication or staying in the same room for a long time will provide opportunities for both sides to observe their own shortcomings, which is often the cause of discord and even hatred. So keeping a certain distance between friends can make friendship last longer. Zhang and Xu are feuds, as it should be. Zhang and Xu have completely different personalities. Zhang is an orthodox etiquette, serious and strict. Zhang Dai once recorded the situation when his great-grandfather Zhang presided over the housework:
Great-grandfather is at home, waiting for his second son, his second daughter-in-law, his second half-brother and his second sister-in-law. Knock on the iron plate three times at dawn, and the family will gather in the class to worship. The eldest daughter and mother can't wash, but they will tie their heads for protection at night. When the family is in trouble, seeing the iron plate is "the heart of this iron." On my great-grandmother's birthday, my mother's clothes were decorated with pearls and jade embroidery. My great-grandmother was very angry when she saw me. She made more cloth before burning, so she was introduced. When we live in peace, we will ask our second son to sit quietly at night and sleep at night.
Zhang's rigid, rigorous and humble personality has been fully demonstrated in these details. Such orthodox proprietors will naturally be dissatisfied with Xu Wei's unrestrained behavior. As his guest, if Xu Wei is not accepted by the mainstream society or even spurned by orthodox scholars, it will definitely affect his reputation. Therefore, it is reasonable for Zhang Yuanji to persuade and restrain Xu Wei, but it also led to the breakdown of their relationship. There are many records about this matter in the late Ming Dynasty. For example, Tao Wangling's "Abnormal Spectrum" said: "It takes a lot of time to solve the prison problem, Zhang Xuan, Wei Xinde, and the pavilion is next to his house, which is very good. But I was born, and people with me are very polite. After a long time, he was unhappy and said,' You kill him, and you die. Your neck is like an ear leaf, but now you will break your flesh. "Then he got sick and gave up. Go back and stop if you are sick. "Shen Deqian, volume" Preface to Zhu Yi People in Shouzhang Luanzhou ",volume 23" Nomination Form of the Ministry of Punishment ",and Xu Wei's" sexual misconduct without fetters, pavilion living in the same city, Zhang Yang and Ta family, slightly out of line, that is, great abuse, and riding home ". The three provincial halls also vaguely revealed the discord between the two. In September of the eighth year of Wanli, shortly after Xu Wei arrived in Beijing, he wrote a poem "Biography of Xu Wenchang", in which the phrase "an old friend had a slight quarrel" already showed the clue of discord between the two. In the nine-year winter snow, Zhang presented Xu Wei with "Little Lamb Half Arm Dripping Wine", and Xu Wei wrote a book "Wan Li Wild Compilation" for this purpose, in which "Little Lamb Half Arm is not brown and vulgar, but cold and retreats", which means that it will return to the south. In fact, Xu Wei has long wanted to leave. In his book Xu Wenchang, he said, "The guests have no good intentions. Those who enter Yan today are like mining. Gold and silver everywhere, burning incense. Short-lived people are in the air, and some are there. History is too high, brush your ears. " The book Xu also said: "When I was at home, I thought I was going to hunt boats and horses when I arrived in Beijing. When I got there, it seemed to be in a dry place, and I couldn't see any hooves and scales all day long. " The feud with the people of etiquette and law, coupled with the hard life of selling articles and paintings in Beijing, made Xu Wei resolutely return to the south regardless of the bird's words. Xu Wei's mental stimulation from this experience is even more serious. "As soon as he came back, he recovered from his illness"). After returning to the south, although the relationship with Zhang Yuanzhang gradually alienated, the relationship between the two sides did not completely break down. Sometimes, he still associates with the Zhang family and writes for Zhang. In the eleventh year of Wanli, four years after Lu Guangxun's death, his son asked Zhang Yuanxun to make a gesture, and Xu Wei wrote to answer Zhang Taishi and be firm with Tao. There is a saying that "a letter from the imperial court came back from Chu", which can testify, because the eldest son of the emperor was born at that time and Zhang Yuanxun was ordered to announce the six princes in Chu; On Birdie's mother's birthday, Xu Wei had another birthday with Liu Sheng, with an essay: "So did Zhang Hanlin's mother, sometimes it has something to do with Chu Fan." There is also a sentence in the poem, "The heir is from South Vietnam". In the twelfth year of Wanli, he was appointed as the magistrate of Shaoxing, replacing Zhang Weichuan. In February of 13th year of Wanli, Zhao Jin celebrated his seventieth birthday and wrote Lv Shangshu Xing Hang on behalf of Zhang Yuanji. These evidences prove that they are only estranged from Zhang, but have not broken off their relationship. In the 16th year of Wanli, Bird Tuo died, and Xu Wei strangely went to offer condolences. Zhang Rulin's "Form" vividly describes this point:
Duke Wen died first, and the rest of his brothers were buried later. The undertaker said,' The man in white came in to touch the coffin and said he only knew me, but didn't say my name. When the other brothers followed him, Wen Chang also cried, and the other brothers also cried and bowed down to the earth. The first man put down his hand and touched him, but he didn't say a word. After ten years in business, if you cut this one, alas, it is not secular!
Xu Wei expressed his condolences in white, caressed the coffin and left without saying a word. For Zhang, this stimulated his rescuer.