How to practice writing cursive in Chinese calligraphy? Thank you.

Zhao Mengfu, a great calligrapher in the Yuan Dynasty, once said: "Calligraphy is based on the use of a pen, and it also requires labor. Gaijie characters have been passed down from time to time, and it is not easy to use a pen through the ages. " The use of pen here refers to the brush, which shows how important it is to use pen. The pen for writing brush includes three parts: starting, writing and receiving. Starting a pen is also called putting pen to paper, and its basic method is to draw horizontally and vertically, that is, to write horizontally, you should write vertically, while to write vertically, you should write horizontally. In this way, the brush hair can be spread out and the center can write. When you start writing, there are points of hiding the front and revealing the front. The hidden front refers to taking advantage of the pen against the front, and the pen front is hidden in the stroke, which is also called "positive front" and "reverse front" The strokes written with Tibetan front often appear rich and full. Expose the front, which means that when starting a pen, the pen tip is inclined to take the potential or the pen tip is put into the paper to write directly (if there is a sharp cross), and the pen tip is exposed without hiding. It's also called flank when you start writing obliquely. The strokes written by Lu Feng look handsome and straight. The subject of strokes is the stroke front and the stroke line. In the specific pen-handling, it is necessary to make the center pen-handling. Center refers to the pen tip that keeps running in the middle of the strokes during the stroke. "Lifting and pressing" refers to the pen-carrying action of the pen front lifting and pressing. Press when you put pen to paper, and lift when you receive it; Press the thick part of the stroke and lift the thin part. In writing, the turning point of hook and press needs to be completed by lifting and pressing; The stroke is not smooth and needs to be adjusted by lifting. It should be pointed out that it is forbidden to be biased in writing. The so-called deviation means that the pen front and the pen belly run on the two edges of the stroke, that is, the center fails to write. As a result, the strokes written tend to be thick and light, wet and dry at one side, and cut like a knife at one side and sawtooth at the other. It is easy for children to form a slant when they practice calligraphy at the beginning, which must attract the attention of parents. Closing the pen refers to the action of writing the stroke completely and then lifting the pen to make the pen tip leave the paper. There are also two kinds of pen collection: Tibetan pen collection and dew pen collection (also called pen collection). When the Tibetan front closes the pen, the pen front leaves the paper with a back stroke or a pen pause. Then lift the pen. Exposing the front and closing the pen means that the front of the pen directly leaves the writing paper. Such as skimming, pressing and hanging the needle vertically, it is often to expose the front and collect the pen.

To master the brush stroke, you must first pay attention to the basic stippling shape and stroke stroke stroke method. In ancient times, there was a saying that the word "Yong" was divided into eight strokes to study its shape and writing, which had certain reference significance. Today, we can classify the strokes of regular script into eight main strokes: dot, horizontal, vertical, left-handed, pressed, hooked, lifted and folded (we have already talked about these eight strokes in the previous pen's strokes). Below, I will specifically explain the basic writing methods of these eight basic strokes in brush calligraphy.

1. Point

As mentioned earlier, there are oblique points, vertical points and left points, among which oblique points are the most common. The stroke process of the side point is that the reverse front writes to the upper left, then changes the front tip to run to the lower right, and then returns to the front to collect the stroke. Point is the most basic stroke of Chinese characters, and any other stroke can be regarded as an extension of point. Therefore, when parents instruct their children to practice calligraphy, they must write the points roundly and accurately, looking forward to life. Some people sum up the characteristics of the brush point as: "the pen is light, the paper is heavy, the momentum is far away, and the front is fast (or the pen is urgent)", which is reasonable.

2. Horizontal

According to the shape of horizontal in brush calligraphy, it can be divided into short front and long horizontal, sharp horizontal and round horizontal. The basic method of writing horizontally is: when writing, the pen tip first makes a retrograde posture from right to left, that is, "wanting right first and leaving first" (the process can be virtual and real, and the virtual will become a dew front, real or hidden front). Then make a slight stroke in the vertical direction, that is, "if you want to be horizontal, you should be vertical first", and then run to the right center after spreading the stroke. When you reach the middle section, you should lift it slightly, so that the middle section is slightly thinner and then, just like writing, you should stroke back and collect the pen, that is, "what you have to do will be collected".

3. The vertical stroke method is the same as the horizontal stroke method, but the direction is different, that is, it means "to be vertical first". When the center is running, it is necessary to pay attention to being strong and straight, and not to write too straight and smooth. The ancients used "house dew marks" to describe the vertical state of strength and health. If the needle is hanging vertically, the pen will be withdrawn from the front, and if it is hanging vertically, it will be withdrawn from the front.

4. skimming

skimming and pressing are like the wings of words, which should be written naturally, stretched and elegant. Its basic writing method is to start the pen against the front (or make a short stroke), then run to the center at the lower left and then close the pen at the front. Pay attention to the "power to the front" when writing skimming, especially when writing in middle and big letters, and be sure to send the power to the skimming point, and avoid the kind of careless writing that is quickly skimmed after writing.

5. Si

There are two types of Si: flat Si and oblique Si, especially flat Si, which is the main pen in one word, so it is necessary to write vividly and vigorously. Si's calligraphy method comes from official script, which is usually called "twists and turns" If you write oblique strokes, first write against the front, and then go back to the front to the right, which is one fold. After writing the neck, it will form two folds obliquely to the lower right. When it is transported to the bottom of the foot, then fold the pen and drag it out of the front, which is three folds. It is worth noting here that when the foot is closing the pen (exposing the front to close the pen), it must go out in the horizontal direction, not only to avoid being upturned, but also to prevent it from being dragged down, so as not to appear frivolous or sloppy.

6. Hook

Hooks are generally connected with other strokes, such as horizontal hook, vertical hook, cross hook and floating goose hook. Its form is obvious in regular script, but it is replaced by circle or thread in cursive script. For example, the method of carrying the vertical hook of regular script is: first write a vertical pen to the bottom, then return to the front to collect the pen, and after the pen is changed, then hook it to the upper left.

7. Lift

The shape of the lift is like the opposite direction of the short stroke. The writing method is also to take advantage of the situation against the front, draw straight and put pen to paper, and then spread it to the left and pick it out calmly and forcefully. The stroke is gradually accelerated from slow to fast, and the stroke is gradually gathered, and the front should be light, and the stroke force should be sent to the tip of the painting.

8. Folding

Folding is a kind of brush painting that is difficult to write well. As we mentioned earlier in the calligraphy of pen, the form of folding can be regarded as the splicing of two strokes. For example, the horizontal folding is connected horizontally and vertically, and the folding pen has a square corner, that is, when the horizontal end is spliced with the pen of vertical painting, the corner is like a piece of wood folded over. It is not easy to master the correct writing method when practicing Chinese calligraphy at the beginning, so parents should tell their children when teaching their children to practice Chinese calligraphy, so as to prevent the corner from being written as a knot in one's heart, or missing a piece like taking off the shoulder, or turning around directly without mentioning or changing the pen, and so on. The folded paintings written must be round, full and powerful.

above, we have introduced eight basic strokes of regular script to you. Generally speaking, mastering these eight basic strokes will give you a basic brush for regular script. However, it should be noted that in the actual writing process, the forms of strokes are ever-changing and different. Different steles and calligraphers have different strokes. Even if the same tablet and the same calligrapher are in different words, the writing method of the same stroke is not completely consistent. This requires parents to help their children learn to analyze the brushwork form of inscriptions, understand and master the characteristics of their brushwork, so as to draw inferences from others, use them flexibly, and truly master the writing rules of basic strokes.

Painting says: Wang Xianzhi can be a book, and Lu Tanwei can be a stroke, which is a reflection of brush strokes, continuous and connected, and the pulse is constantly ringing. A book mentioned here, in addition to the internal factors of continuous pulse, is an important feature of its external form. It should be noted that the tension is the trace of the pen gesture, not the form of stippling. Generally speaking, stippling has three stages, namely, starting a pen, performing a pen, and collecting a pen, which must be solved by carrying a pen, while the tension is only a kind of implication. If the pen is handled properly, the thread will not be mixed with the stippling pen. At the link between the thread and the stippling, the writing of the stippling after the thread should be affirmed. If the tension wire performs well, it can strengthen the momentum of the work, otherwise it will be slow and confusing.

Eight-method regular script with permanent characters-In the rules of regular script, the eight strokes of permanent characters have always been summarized, and the eight strokes of point, horizontal, vertical, tick, tick, long-left, short-left and pressed are named as side, strangulation, crossbow, stroke, strategy, sweep, peck and stroke respectively. The specific requirements are: press it again and put it down gently after the paper falls sideways, and the shape should be full. Le, go against the wind and drop the paper, as if to rein in the reins and pass slowly, not horizontally. Crossbow, straight down, but not too straight, like a crossbow, it is appropriate to make efforts when you see the song in the middle. Zhu, in front of the pen, like a lying horse suddenly leaping, trying to gather at the end of Hao. Policy, press the pen again against the trend, and then start writing. Sweep, from thick to thin, slowly inclined out, avoid floating instability. Peck, let the pen tip turn to the left immediately after the paper falls sideways, which is fast and powerful. Now, put pen to paper lightly, fold the front and spread it slowly from light to heavy. After a short pause, fold it again, and quickly put pen to paper, so that the force can be sent to the end. The Eight-character Method of Yong does have a certain degree of summing-up significance in regular script writing, which reveals the requirements of escaping from reality and reality in writing. These eight strokes can't cover all the regular script strokes, such as the strokes of the hook and the vertical folding. Nevertheless, it is still one of the shortcuts for beginners to learn calligraphy. There are three old theories about the origin of the theory of "eight methods of eternal words". A, "Mo Chi" said Zhang Xu. Second, the wisdom of Yong in Jing Hua of the Bookstore. Cai Yong and Wang Xizhi in the Eight Laws of Xuean. Due to the wide spread and high generality, some people regard the word "Eight Methods" as a synonym for calligraphy.