There are four criteria for making and selecting pens, namely, "sharp, neat, round and healthy", "sharp is smooth and sharp after the pen tip is closed, and sharp is sharp without losing its edge; Neat and flush with the front, neat and easy to change; "A circle is a circle, and a circle does not diverge when writing;" Health is moderately elastic, while health is durable. China's brush is different from the western oil painting brush. China's brush is conical, and the brush for oil painting is flat, similar to China's combination brush. The nature of the pen depends on the manufacturing technology and the type of brush used. Brushes used for painting can be roughly divided into three categories: hard brushes, soft brushes and double brushes in between. The bristles are mainly wolf hair (tail tip hair of weasels) and are made of mink, rat, horse, deer and rabbit hair. Hard brush is vigorous and powerful, suitable for drawing lines. Common ones are Zhu Lan, Xiao Seiko, Xiao Hongmao and Ye Jin.
Pen, clothing pattern pen, book brush, etc. Japanese pens include Yamamoto, Face Brush, Sketch Brush, etc. Soft brushes are mainly made of wool, but there are also bird feathers. Soft and watery, suitable for large-scale rendering. Common soft brushes include "Big Crane Neck", "Bai Gui Pen", "Dyed Pen", "Goose Pen" and "Pure Wool Pen". Japanese pens are "colored pens" and "picking pens". Double-strand brush is made of wool and wolf hair (or rabbit hair), and its nature is between rigid and soft, such as "Seven Purple Three Sheep", "White Cloud Pen" and "Pure Purple Pointed Hair", and Japanese pens include "Miao Ze", "Magnolia" and "Changliu".
A good brush has some common characteristics: roundness, neatness, pointiness and health, so it can be used smoothly. Brush should be cleaned in time after use to avoid ink drying and damage to the brush.
Question 2: The types of brushes commonly used in Chinese painting are mainly classified according to their size, types, sources and shapes.
According to the written materials, it can be divided into: tire brush, wolf brush, rabbit shoulder purple brush, deer brush, chicken brush, duck brush, hair brush, pig brush, mouse brush, tiger brush, ox ear brush and so on.
Brushes can be simply divided into small letters, middle letters and capitals according to their sizes.
According to the types of bristles, they can be divided into soft hair, hard hair and double-stranded brush.
According to the purpose, it can be divided into brush and paint brush.
According to the shape, it can be divided into round type, pointed type and luxurious type.
(1) The wool brush is made of the beard or tail of a green sheep or antelope. Textual research began before the Northern and Southern Dynasties. By the Qin Dynasty, Meng Tian's improved new pen had become a pen-making material. Calligraphy is the most important thing, sheep are soft and have no front, and books are "weak and boneless", so calligraphers in past dynasties rarely use them. Sheep hair became popular only after the Southern Song Dynasty. But it was widely used after the early Qing Dynasty. Because the Qing Dynasty paid attention to roundness and delicacy and was not allowed to show off talents, only soft wool could meet the requirements and was widely used at that time. The softness of wool is also poor. If it is properly combined with paper and ink, it can also show a plump and gentle style, and it is cheap and easy to get. Wool is so long that it can be written in large letters more than half a foot.
Wool pen is soft in texture and absorbs a large amount of ink, which is suitable for writing with round and solid stippling. More durable than a wolf's brush. Most of these pens are lake pens, which are relatively cheap. Generally, there are big pens, Jingti (or pen lifting), Lianfeng, Feng Ping, Ding Feng, Gaifeng, flagpole, Jade Bamboo Shoots, Yulanrui and Jingzha.
(2) The wolfsbane pen literally means made of wolfsbane. The previous generation did make pens with wolf hair; But today's wolf hair is the hair of the weasel "wolf", not the hair of the wolf. What Langhao saw was recorded very late, and some people used "parallel pen", that is, Langhao's use can be pushed back to before Wang Xizhi's Jin Dynasty, but it is not certain. Weasels can only use the tip of their tails as pens. They are tough by nature, second only to rabbits but too woolly, and they are also healthy pens. Disadvantages are similar to those of Zihao, not too big.
Rat tails produced in Northeast China are the most popular, and they are called Beilanghao and Guandong Liao Wei. Wolf hair is stronger than wool pen and suitable for writing and drawing, but it is not as durable as wool pen and more expensive. Common varieties are Zhu Lan, freehand brushwork, landscape, flowers, Ye Jin, costume patterns, red beans, small seiko, deer and wolf hair calligraphy and painting (made of wolf hair and deer hair), leopard and wolf hair (made of wolf hair and leopard hair), special long-peak wolf hair, super long-peak wolf hair and so on.
(3) The purple brush is made of the hair on the back of the rabbit's neck, so it is named after its dark purple color. The strength of rabbits in the north and south of China is different, and some rabbits are made in the north and south. The tenacity of rabbits is called health brush, which is better than that of the north. It is long and sharp, suitable for writing straight Fang Zhengzhi characters, and is valued by calligraphers. Bai Juyi's Purple Pen Yuefu says, "A purple pen is like a cone and sharp as a knife." Describe the characteristics of Zihao pen very completely. However, because only the hair on the back of the rabbit's neck is available, it is expensive and heroic, so you can't write big characters on the plaque.
Purple brush is tall, sharp and sharp, and its elasticity is stronger than that of wolf hair. Rabbit hair produced in Anhui is the best.
(4) The moustache pen uses mouse sideburns, and the strokes are pure, smooth and sharp, and the writing font is both rigid and soft.
(5) The chicken hair brush is made of chicken chest hair, which is quite soft and difficult for beginners to master, so it is not suitable for use.
(6) The bristle pen is processed and steamed with bristles and used for writing large plaques.
(7) Double the number of brushes with two or more types, and name them according to their mixing ratio, such as three Ziqi sheep and five Ziwuyang sheep. Meng Tian's improved pen, with "deer hair as the column and wool as the quilt", belongs to a double-stranded brush. Double double brush takes one more health value and one more softness value to match, with health value as the main factor, which is called "column"; Softness is external and vice-versa, which is called "having". The length of the column is short, and the quilt is short, which is called a pen with one column and one quilt. The quilt also has many layers, such as rabbit hair as a column, short wool quilt, and three layers of * * * are the same length as the column, so the root is extra thick, the pen tip is thin, and more ink is stored, which is convenient for writing. The characteristics are different according to the mixing ratio, either rigid or soft, or moderate in hardness, and cheap and labor-saving, all of which are advantages.
Common two-strand brush pens include two-strand brush wolves and two-strand brush purple sheep, such as five purple sheep and seven purple sheep. This pen has the advantages of both sheep and wolves, moderate rigidity and moderate price, and is commonly used by painters and painters. There are two types: harmonic type and quilt type.
In addition, according to the length of strokes, the brush has different performances such as long strokes, middle strokes and short strokes. It is easy to draw beautiful lines before long, and it is easy to make lines dignified and heavy before short, so is the center >>
Question 3: What kind of brush to prepare for China landscape painting depends on the length of the pen tip. Generally divided into long front, center and short front pen, the performance is different. It is easy to draw beautiful lines before long, dignified and heavy before short, and both before medium and short. Painting landscapes should be centered. According to the size of the brush strokes, the brush is divided into three types: small, medium and large, and all models should be prepared. Generally, a little wolf hair should be prepared for small landscapes, a big wolf hair for big landscapes, a wool brush for small white clouds and big white clouds, and a bigger wool pen "bucket pen" is enough. How sharp the new pen is, it is only suitable for drawing thin lines, and the effect of rubbing, wiping and knocking the old pen is better. Some painters like to paint with a bald pen, and the points and lines drawn have a vigorous and simple beauty. Lobular edge pen (used to outline lines), white clouds in small white clouds. I used a wolf brush. It's hard. These are the brushes commonly used in landscape painting. There are many kinds of brushes, some of which are selected according to personal interests, and of course there are a few.
Question 4: What brush is used for landscape painting? What paper do you practice using? Use Xuan paper to draw landscapes, flowers and birds, and use cooked Xuan to draw meticulous paintings.
Flowers and birds buy bristles 1, No.3; Big bamboo orchid, big white clouds, Ye Jin or clothing patterns.
Question 5: What kind of brush is the best for Chinese painting? What is the approximate price? How many kinds of brushes do you need-either freehand brushwork or meticulous brushwork-or-
1, sign up for a local Chinese painting class-go to a local shop selling brush, ink, paper and inkstone-ask or ask the local artists association-find a class first-do an introductory study.
2. Go to the online bookstore in JD.COM or Amazon-look for books-books on techniques-that is, tell you how to draw-drawing methods, materials and tools-and have a basic notice-or look through books in the local bookstore-but now the physical bookstore-life is sad-books are few-big cities are better. Brush recommendation-Shuangyang brand mountain lotus lake pen-can be found in local shops selling brush, ink, paper and inkstone-or go to the website of this manufacturer-the price-a few yuan, a dozen yuan-is available-and some are more expensive-some are gifts-not commonly used-although it is also very useful.
4. Say a few more words-it depends on theory, periodicals, exhibitions and websites-pay attention to the current painting trend-
Question 6: What are the precautions for learning landscape painting and writing brush?
First, the characteristics of Chinese painting
Chinese painting has its own obvious characteristics. Chinese painting does not pay attention to perspective, does not emphasize the change of light and color of objects in nature, does not stick to the appearance of objects, but emphasizes the expression of the author's subjective interest. Chinese painting emphasizes "expressive form" and pursues a feeling that "beauty lies between similarity and dissimilarity".
Chinese painting has its own unique characteristics, which are manifested in its artistic techniques, artistic disciplines, composition, pen and ink, color application and so on. Chinese painting can be divided into three forms according to artistic techniques: meticulous brushwork, freehand brushwork and concurrent brushwork. Meticulous brushwork is a neat and meticulous painting with a pen, with clear and meticulous details and extremely delicate brushstrokes, so it is called "meticulous brushwork". And freehand brushwork? Compared with meticulous brushwork, vigorous and concise brushwork is used to describe the shape and spirit of objects and express the author's feelings. You should have high generalization ability, implicit artistic conception with twice the result with half the effort, accurate writing, skillful writing and handy writing. The form of part-time writing is the comprehensive application of meticulous brushwork and freehand brushwork.
From the branch of art, Chinese painting can be divided into three branches: figures, landscapes and flowers and birds, which are mainly divided according to the different objects depicted. Animals, pommel horses, insects, fruits and vegetables in Chinese painting can be classified into these three categories respectively.
Chinese painting also has its own characteristics in composition, pen, ink and color. Generally speaking, the composition of Chinese painting does not follow the Huang Jinlv of western painting, and it is either a long scroll or a vertical axis, and the ratio of length to width is "unbalanced". But it can well express the special artistic conception and the painter's subjective interest. Chinese painting is not necessarily fixed on a foothold, nor is it limited by a fixed horizon. It can move its foothold to paint according to the painter's feelings and needs, and absorb all visible and invisible scenes into its own picture. This perspective is called scatter perspective or multipoint perspective. As we all know, the famous paintings in the Northern Song Dynasty and Zhang Zeduan's The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival all adopt scattered perspective. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival reflects the rich, complex and colorful scenes inside and outside Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. It takes Bianhe as the center, from distant Chinese painting to lively "Hongqiao"; The audience can see the city and the countryside; You can see both pedestrians on the bridge and ships under it. You can see not only the balcony trees nearby, but also the streets and river ports in the distance. Moreover, no matter where you stand, the proportion of scenery is similar. If you draw according to the method of focusing on machines in western painting, many places can't be drawn at all. This is a unique perspective method created by ancient Chinese painters according to the needs of content and artistic expression.
Pen and ink is an important part of Chinese painting modeling. Use a pen to emphasize thickness, slowness, depression, rotation, Fiona Fang and other changes to express the texture of an object. Generally speaking, when starting and stopping the pen, you should use force, your wrist should be stiff, the air in the middle should not be broken, and you should not pick the pen lightly. When using the pen, the force is light, floating, heavy, slippery, slow, thin, and the board is being used. It's all a matter of using a pen to bend like a bow and straight like a ruler. Eighteen strokes of crochet summarized by the ancients can be said to be a summary of the experience of using pens in Chinese painting. As for the use of ink, it emphasizes the interaction of rubbing, rubbing, light and dyeing, and the rational allocation of dry, wet, thick and light to shape the body and set off the atmosphere. Generally speaking, the beauty of ink in Chinese painting lies in the matching of shades. There is no spirit in all shades, there must be shades, the shades should be wonderful but not stagnant, and the shades should be graceful but not gloomy. Using ink is the same as using color. In ancient times, there was the experience of dividing ink into colors, and there was also the painting style of cherishing ink as gold. When using ink, there should be a strong combination of life and harmony, so that there is light in the thick and strong in the light; There are strong and second strong, and there are light and light, which are all flexible ways to use pens in Chinese painting. Because China's calligraphy and painting have many similarities in tools and brush strokes, they have forged an indissoluble bond. The ancients have long said that "calligraphy and painting are of the same origin". However, there are also differences between the two. Calligraphy is changeable, especially cursive script, which is better than painting, and the ink used in painting is rich and colorful, surpassing calligraphy. The word pen and ink is considered as the general term of Chinese painting techniques. It is not only a means to shape the image, but also has independent aesthetic value.
Chinese painting also has its own emphasis on coloring. The pigments used are mostly natural minerals or powder in animal shells, which are wind-resistant and sun-resistant, and will last for a long time. The coloring method is mostly flat painting, which pursues the effect of the inherent color of the object and rarely changes the light and shadow.
The characteristics of Chinese painting mentioned above mainly refer to Chinese painting. But these characteristics, with the progress of the times. The content and form of art are also updated and constantly changing. Especially the May 4th Movement.
Question 7: What tools do beginners need to learn Chinese painting? I'll tell you what size brush to buy.
One for clothing thread and one for fancy flowers: used to hook thin threads, etc.
One big wolf brush, tree trunk, peony stem, withdrawal, flower hook and so on.
② White clouds are used for painting flowers, leaves and dyes. Because it is a double-stranded brush, it absorbs more water than wolf hair and has better elasticity. It is more useful in Chinese painting, depending on your own economic situation)
Orchids and bamboos are used to draw orchids and bamboos.
Beginners paint big leaves and buy a medium-sized bucket. Beginners should use double brush, which is flexible and easy to master.
Ordinary Dege ink meter, various colors, Marley brand Chinese painting pigments, used more: titanium dioxide, cyanine, gamboge, eosin, rouge, ochre, tricolor, tricolor, others can also buy one, but white, blue, yellow and red are as much as possible.
Paper buys red star cards online.
Online shopping saves money.
Use water (in a big bowl or a small basin) and paperweight (just find two heavy objects to hold the paper down)
You can buy it if you have the conditions.
With continuous progress, I will understand everything in the future.
Question 8: What are the best tools for Chinese painting and China's calligraphy? (Figure) Brush-the brush of Yangshan Lianhu Pen Factory, ink-the bottled liquid ink of Yidege, calligraphy practice paper-tassel paper and Chinese painting paper-see whether it is meticulous or freehand brushwork. Common sense of painting and calligraphy tools and materials is a process of accumulation, which requires both reading and learning and practice-to find out the tools and materials that suit you-because personal habits and feelings are different, the use of tools and materials will be slightly different.
Question 9: What kind of brush should I use to draw Chinese painting? Hook the line with wolf hair and color it with wool. Wolf hair is hard and suitable for hooks. On the contrary, wool is soft and suitable for coloring!