A stringed instrument, the guzheng structure consists of a panel, a goose column, strings, a front Yueshan, a string nail, a tuning box, a piano foot, a back Yueshan, a side plate, a sound outlet, a bottom plate and a string piercing hole. The shape of the zither is a rectangular wooden sound box, and the string frame "zither column" (that is, goose column) can move freely, and one string is arranged with five tones, which is common in Tang and Song Dynasties. Usually, the model of guzheng begins with S 163-2 1, S stands for the S-shaped moon mountain, which was invented by father Xu, 163 stands for the length of guzheng, and 2 1 stands for the number of strings of guzheng.
The earliest existing guzheng object
1979, a series of guzheng were found in the tomb of Dongzhouya, Xianyan, Guixi County, Jiangxi Province. Among them, the well-preserved one is 166 cm long, 17.5 cm wide and 15.5 cm wide with thirteen strings at each end. Another broken tail, remaining length 174 cm. The first string hole of the Zheng is used to put wooden stilts (strings), and one string is tied to the stilts, similar to the string tying method of Chaozhou Zheng. These two kites are similar in shape, thread number and tying method to later generations, and are the earliest known artifacts in China.
Guzheng basic maintenance
(1) Musical instruments should be avoided to be used or placed in an environment with too high temperature or humidity, nor exposed to the sun or rain, so as not to affect the opening and sound quality of the piano.
(2) In the process of transportation or handling, strictly protect the piano body from excessive vibration, vibration and collision, so as not to cause trauma or even structural damage.
(3) Wipe the strings with a dry cloth before and after the performance to keep them clean and avoid rusting.
(4) Musical instruments should be used frequently and kept in good acoustic condition. This will make the sound quality more and more perfect.
[Edit this paragraph] Ten famous guzheng songs
Fishing boats sing late, water lilies, mountains and rivers, Lin Chong running at night, Dong Dance Music, Autumn Moon in the Han Palace, swimming in the western Western jackdaw, fishing songs in the East China Sea, drums in Xiangshan Mountain, and fighting against typhoons.
Introduction to guqin
Guqin, also known as lyre, Qin Yu and lyre, is one of the oldest plucked instruments in China. Guqin was popular in Confucius' period. It has been circulating in the history of China for more than 3,000 years without interruption. At the beginning of this century, it was called "Guqin". An ancient musical instrument that still rings in the study and on the stage. In the long historical stage of ancient China society, "Qinqi Calligraphy and Painting" has always been regarded as the only way for literati to cultivate their self-cultivation. Guqin, because of its clear, harmonious, light and elegant musical character, embodies the lofty and detached attitude of Feng Ling, a scholar, ranking first in music, chess, calligraphy and painting. "Qin, love also; Offenders are prohibited. " Playing the flute and playing the piano, reciting poems and painting, climbing high and traveling far, and singing wine songs have become a vivid portrayal of literati life. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius loved playing the piano. Whether giving lectures in Xingtan or being trapped by Cai Chen, the sound of playing string songs is endless. The story of Boya in the Warring States period and the story of "finding a bosom friend in the mountains" in the sub-period became popular stories. Ji Kang in Wei and Jin Dynasties gave Guqin the highest evaluation of "among all musical instruments, Qin De is the best", and finally took playing Guangling San on the execution ground as the swan song of life. Liu Yuxi, a scholar in the Tang Dynasty, sketched a picture for us in his famous book "Humble Room Inscription": "You can play Su Qin and read the Golden Classics. The indifferent realm of "no confusing ears, no complicated work" Today, Guqin music is still the soul and essence of China's music, engraved on the gold-plated record of American Voyager spacecraft, echoing in the vast space day and night, looking for "bosom friends" in the universe.
The creators of Qin include Fuxi Playing the Piano, Shennong Playing the Piano, Shun Playing the Banjo and Singing the South Wind, etc. As a legend, you may not believe it, but you can see that Qin has a long history in China. "My Fair Lady, Friends of Rabbit and Rabbit" is recorded in The Book of Songs Guanluo, and "Rabbit and Rabbit beat drums to rule Tianzu" is also recorded in The Book of Songs Xiaoya.
On June 7th, 2003, 165438+ UNESCO published the second batch of "representative works of human oral and intangible heritage", among which Chinese guqin was listed.
[Edit this paragraph] Guqin structure
The length of a piano is generally about three feet six inches and a half (about 120- 125 cm), which symbolizes 365 days a year (just like 365 degrees on Sunday). Usually about six inches (about 20 centimeters) wide. Generally about two inches (about 6 cm) thick. The lower part of the piano body is flat and the upper part is arc, symbolizing heaven and earth respectively. The overall shape is made according to the shape of the phoenix, and its whole body corresponds to the phoenix (or human body), including head, neck, shoulders, waist, tail and feet.
Guqin originally had only five strings, including gold, wood, water, fire and earth. External five tones, palace, business, angle, sign and feather. Later, King Wen was imprisoned in prison and missed his son Bo Yikao. He added a string to Wen Xian. King Wu cut a string for Wu Xian. Collectively known as the Wu Wen lyre.
"Qin Dangxu" records: "Fuxi's Qin, a string, is seven feet and two inches long." Huan Tan's "New Theory" records: "The Qin of Shennong is made of pure silk and carved with tung wood. Legend has it that Shun Ding Qin has five strings, Wang Wen added one, and Wu Wang reduced one to seven. It is said that the 10 stringed instrument was unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi. I heard that there were 32-string pianos in ancient times.
The upper part of the "piano head" is called forehead. The lower end of the forehead is inlaid with hardwood supporting strings, which is called "Moon Mountain", also known as "Lin Yue", and is the highest part of the piano. There are two sound grooves at the bottom of the piano, the larger one in the middle is called "Dragon Pool" and the smaller one at the tail is called "Phoenix Marsh". This is called going up the mountain and down the river, and there are dragons and phoenixes, which symbolize the world. There is a hardwood strip named "Lu Cheng" on the forehead of Yueshan Mountain. There are seven "string eyes" on the table, which are used to tie strings. There are seven "Qin Zi" under it for tuning. On the side end of the piano head, there are also "phoenix eyes" and "guards". From the waist down, it is called "the end of the piano". The end of the piano is inlaid with a kind of hardwood "Dragon Gum" with shallow grooves, which is used for threading. The decorations on both sides of the dragon glue are called "crown angle", also known as "focal tail".
The exposed parts of the seven strings pass through Yueshan and Gui Long, and become a pair of "goose feet" at the bottom of the piano, symbolizing the seven stars.
There are two hidden grooves in the belly and head of the piano, one is the tip of the tongue, the other is the sound pool, and the other is the sound receiving end, also called rhyme marsh. Corresponding to Longchi and Fengman, there is often a "Yin Na" in every place. Yinna in Longchi has a "Tianzhu" on the head side and a "pillar" on the tail side. When making a sound, "the sound wants to pass by, but it lingers, but it has a aftertaste." Because the piano has no "pin" (column) and "code", it is very convenient to play flexibly, and it has the characteristics of extremely long effective strings, large vibration amplitude of strings and endless reverberation, so it has its unique hand-walking sound.
As far as structure is concerned, the structure of each part of the piano is very reasonable. It is not too big, not only easy to carry, but also beautiful and generous. The shape of the piano is pleasing enough. It can also be seen from the naming of piano parts that the piano system is influenced by Confucianism.
The front of the piano is wide and the back is narrow, which symbolizes the difference between honor and inferiority. The five strings of palace, business, horn, sign and feather symbolize the five social classes of monarch, minister, people, affairs and things. The sixth and seventh strings added later are called Wen Hewu, which symbolizes the harmony between the monarch and the minister. The twelve emblems symbolize December respectively, and the largest emblem in the middle represents June, symbolizing leap month. Guqin has three timbres: scattered tone, overtone and bent tone, which symbolize the harmony between heaven, earth and people respectively. The symbolic significance of the naming of these guqin shapes actually reflects the Confucian thought of rites and music and the importance that China people attach to harmony. Because the function of etiquette is to protect the individual, make the personality work and have fun with it, and its function is to be in harmony with the group. The combination of rites and music can make individuals and groups adjust each other and form a peaceful and reasonable life between people. Therefore, the implementation of these two seemingly opposite techniques of rites and music is to achieve the purpose of complementing each other and harmony. It can be seen from the social order and grade name borrowed from the form name of guqin that its production form contains profound educational meaning.
Tuning of guqin
There are 35 guqin modes, tuned in five tones, with a range of four octaves and a second degree.
Among stringed instruments, guqin is a unique instrument. Its surface is a fingerboard, without columns or goods. When playing, the piano is placed horizontally on the table, the right hand plays the strings, and the left hand presses the strings to pick up the sound. It depends entirely on the symbols of the Qin emblem (not limited to 13 emblem, many sounds are between emblems), and the intonation is extremely strict.
The pitch of an empty string is not fixed, depending on the music played. The tuning of guqin is complicated, with as many as 35 modes. The lowest empty string sound of a string is the large character set C sound, and the fixed strings are arranged into five sounds from the first string to the seventh string, namely C, D, F, G, A, C and D. Guqin has a wide range, from C-D3 to * * *, four octaves, and a sophomore.
Guqin's expressive force is particularly rich. By using different playing techniques, many artistic features can be displayed. Its scattered sound (empty string sound) is loud and vigorous, as grand as a bronze bell. The overtones are as transparent and colorful as pearls, and vary with different ranges. The high-pitched area is light and crisp, like a bell in the wind; The alto is bright and sonorous, just like hitting a jade Qing. Pronunciation by sound is solid, also called "real sound", and the timbre of each sound zone is different. The bass area is rich and powerful, the midrange is macro and solid, and the treble area is crisp and slender. According to the various sliding sounds in the voice, it is as soft as a song and has profound and meticulous expressive force.
Guqin mingqu
Top Ten Guqin Music
1. Qiushui
2. Piran
flowing water
4. Wild geese fall in Pingsha
5. Xiaoxiang Water Cloud
6.high mountains
7. Meihuasan Lane
8. Guangling Powder
9. The drunken fisherman sings late.
10. Yuqiao Q&A
Other famous guqin music
alcoholic
Puan curse
Hujiashibai
Autumn moon in Han Palace
Nagato complained.
spring
white snow
Evergreen
Lisao
Dragon vanilla
Autumn wind in Wu Ye
Mozi's sad silk
Confucius read the Book of Changes.
Qiu Ge
Pheasants fly
Lonely house meets God.
Ask any girl
Guan Shanyue
Farewell song
Night parking in Qiu Jiang
Pat clothes (when washing clothes)
Indifferent and secluded, not alive.