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Question description:
I hope I can answer it in parts, and if it is good, I can continue to add points
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Analysis:
Li Yu (937-978) was the third and last emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Yu's original name was Congjia, with the courtesy name Chongguang, and his nicknames include Zhongshan Hermit, Zhongfeng Hermit, Zhongfeng Bailian Jushi, Lianfeng Jushi, etc.
Biography
Li Yu "was a benevolent and filial man, good at writing, good at calligraphy and painting, and had a large forehead, side teeth, and heavy pupils."[1], Li Yuanzong of the Southern Tang Dynasty (the central leader of the Southern Tang Dynasty) Jing's sixth son. Since Li Jing's second to fifth sons all died early, when Li Yu's eldest brother Li Hongji became the crown prince, he was the de facto second son. Li Hongji was "a man of severe suspicion"[2]. Li Yu, who was the Duke of An Ding at that time, was afraid that Li Hongji would be suspicious of him and did not dare to participate in political affairs. He just read for fun every day.
In 959, Li Hongji died shortly after poisoning Li Jingsui. Li Jing planned to make Li Yu the crown prince, but Zhong Mo said, "I am a coward from Jiade, but I have too much faith in the Shi family. I am not a master of talent. I am good, courageous, and dignified, so I should make him his heir." Li Jing was angry and found an excuse to kill Zhong Mo. He was demoted to the rank of Si Ye and exiled to Raozhou. Li Yu was granted the title of King of Wu, Shangshu Ling, and knows political affairs, and ordered him to live in the East Palace.
In 961, the second year of Jianlong of the Song Dynasty, Li Jing moved the capital to Nanchang and established Li Yu as the prince to supervise the country, ordering him to stay in Jinling. After Li Jing died in June, Li Yu ascended the throne in Jinling.
Li Yu "has an arrogant and extravagant nature, a lustful voice, and a fondness for illusory pictures. He only cares about high-minded talk and does not care about political affairs." [3].
After the Song army destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty in 971, Li Yu changed his title to the Lord of Jiangnan in order to show that he would not fight against the Song Dynasty and proclaimed himself a vassal to the Song Dynasty.
In 973, when Song Taizu ordered Li Yu to go to Kaifeng, he refused to go because of illness. Song Taizu sent Cao Bin to lead the army to attack the Southern Tang Dynasty.
In December 974, Cao Bin captured Jinling.
After Li Yu was captured in 975, he was named a disobedient marquis in Kaifeng and worshiped General Zuo Qianniuwei.
After reigning for fifteen years, he was known as the Empress Li and the Empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
According to the "Mo Ji" written by Wang Zhi of the Song Dynasty, he was poisoned by Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty in 978 because of his words that "the motherland cannot bear to look back".
[edit] Artistic achievements
Li Yu has high achievements in art.
[edit] Calligraphy and painting
He was good at calligraphy and painting, and his calligraphy: Tao Gu's "Qing Yi Lu" once said: "The late master is good at calligraphy and writes trembling pen music. Its shape is as strong as cold pines and frosty bamboos, so it is called "gold-wrapped knife". Regarding his paintings, Guo Ruoxu of the Song Dynasty wrote in "Books and Stories": "Li Yu, the late master of Jiangnan, had a clear vision and was good at both calligraphy and painting. When you look at the forest rocks and birds he painted, they are far beyond the ordinary flow and higher than unexpected." . It is a pity that no calligraphy and painting have been handed down to future generations.
[edit] Ci
The style of Li Yu's Ci can be divided into two periods based on his capture in 975.
The style of his early poems was beautiful and soft, not out of the "flower room" style. According to the content, it can be roughly divided into two categories: one is about the magnificent palace life and romantic love affairs between men and women, such as "Bodhisattva Barbarian":
The bright flowers and the dark moon cover the mist, and it is good to go to Langbian now. . Wearing socks on the fragrant steps, carrying gold-leafed shoes. Seeing him on the south bank of the painting hall, he trembled for a while. It's hard for a slave to come out, but he can show mercy to his master.
There is also a type of heavy sadness expressed when one feels the fate of being unable to escape under the pressure of the Song Dynasty, such as "Meeting Happily":
Silently, I went up to the West Tower alone, The moon is like a hook, and the lonely phoenix trees in the deep courtyard lock the autumn. Constant cutting and confusion remain, which is the sorrow of separation, and there is a different feeling in the heart.
Due to the great changes in life, his later poems made the king of the subjugated country become the "King of the South" in the world of poetry through the ages with one swan song after another that wept with blood. It is precisely "the country is unlucky and the poet is lucky, and his words reflect the vicissitudes of life and begin to work."
These later poems, with their desolate and solemn artistic conception and profound artistic conception, have laid the foundation for Su Xin’s so-called "bold and unconstrained" school, and they have become the great masters in the history of CI. As his horizons widened and his emotions deepened, his poems changed from those of an actor to a scholar-bureaucrat." As for the clarity of its sentences and the harmony of its phonology, it is unprecedented.
For example, "The Poppy": When will the spring flowers and autumn moon come, how much do you know about the past? There was an east wind in the small building last night, and the motherland could not bear to look back at the bright moon. The carved railings and jade masonry should still be there, but the beauty has changed. Asking you how much sorrow you can have is like a river of spring water flowing eastward.
"Lang Tao Sha Ling": The rain is gurgling outside the curtain, and the spring is fading. Luo Jian couldn't stand the cold at midnight. In his dream, he didn't realize he was a guest, and he was greedy for pleasure for a while. Don't lean on the fence when you are alone. There is no limit to the country. It is easy to say goodbye but difficult to see others. The flowing water and falling flowers are gone in spring, and it is heaven and earth.
Zhou Ji said in "Jie Cun Zhai's Miscellaneous Works on Ci": "Mao Qiang and Xi Shi are the most beautiful women in the world. They look good with either strict make-up or light make-up. Their rough clothes and messy hair do not conceal their national beauty. Fei Fei Your Majesty, your makeup is strict; if you are dignified, your makeup is light; my Lord, your clothes are coarse and your hair is messy." Zhou Ji believed that Li Yu was inferior to Wen Tingyun and Wei Zhuang in terms of word modification. But Wang Guowei believed: "Wen Feiqing's words are beautiful in sentence; Wei Duanji's words are beautiful in bones; Li Chongguang's words are beautiful in spirit." [4] He also said: "When the poets came to Li Houzhu, their vision began to expand, and their emotions became deeper, so they changed from the poems of Ling Gong to the poems of scholar-bureaucrats. Zhou Jie put it under Wen and Wei, which can be said to confuse right and wrong." [5]
Li Yu's poems got rid of the frivolousness of "The Collection of Flowers". His poems are not artificial, with bright language, vivid images, distinctive characters, and sincere feelings. His works after the fall of the country are even more broad in subject matter and profound in meaning. , surpassing the poetry of the late Tang and Five Dynasties, and became the founder of the Wanyue school of poetry in the early Song Dynasty.
Li Yu’s original collection has been lost. There are forty-four existing poems. Several of the early works may have been composed by others, but only thirty-eight of them can be confirmed.