What are the identification methods of ancient calligraphy and painting? How to make fake ancient calligraphy and painting?

The common forgery method of ancient calligraphy and painting is 1. Roger that. Imitation is the easiest way to get its shape. There are three ways to copy books: tick first and then fill in; Write from scratch; Copy, modify. First, the ancient method first covered the original with transparent paper coated with yellow wax (called hard yellow), and filled in the online marketing of BOC's debt-paying assets with thick and thin dry ink to make the history of glasses. Your trust comes from my heart, so it is also called double hook filling. The second is to cover the manuscript with paper and copy it with thick and light ink. Third, draw the outline of ink first, and then write it on the outline with a pen (which is different from the ink filling of invisible brushwork), and only fill it slightly when it meets the dry pen front. The above method can be called Xiang Tuo, because it must be reflected in light when copying (there was no transparent line in ancient times). The above three methods are mostly used to imitate Jin posts in Tang and Song Dynasties, and to imitate Jin and Tang paintings since Song Dynasty. The painting methods of the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty became more and more complicated, such as the appearance of landscape paintings that were both absorbed and dyed, which could not be imitated at all. Therefore, the three methods were gradually abolished and mostly replaced by temporary writing. But when writing, we also take transparent paper first, tick off some parts with thick ink according to the outline of the image (mostly painting), take it off, then cover the paper silk with thick ink hook on the manuscript, and then look at the original work for writing. This practice can be said to be half-copying and half-copying (basically temporary copying). 2. temporary. Pure opposition will inevitably deviate from the original appearance. Its method is to look at the original while putting it on file. This method is used to deal with some cursive scripts and more freehand pictures. Because drafts are easily restricted because of reflections, cursive and freehand brushwork will appear rigid when restricted, which can be avoided on the surface. However, everything often has advantages and disadvantages. Although it is more flexible than copying, it is easy to go out of shape and even reveal its true colors. For example, Wang Xianzhi's Three Wishes for Mid-Autumn Festival was written by Mi Fei in the Northern Song Dynasty. Mie's escape was illegal, so this copy (close to imitation) also exposed its true colors. Try to compare the original stone carving of Wang Xianzhi in "Jin Bao Zhai Fa Tie" with Mi Fei's own book, and the truth will be revealed. If you want to make it look like it, you must look at it and do it at the same time, so that the lines in calligraphy will not echo each other (not the same as those copied) and it is easy to have structural problems. In painting, the brush strokes of mountains and rivers, etc. There will also be some disconnection or turbidity and confusion. Step 3 imitate. Generally speaking, there is no blueprint for imitation. Forgers imitate someone's brushwork structure with their own imagination and write freely. Most of them have to do this because they didn't copy ancient books. Of course, it is easy to expose the true face of counterfeiters, or it does not conform to the style of the times. However, because it is natural and lively, it is also easy to deceive people. Also, although there is an original, the forger can imitate it without taking care of it. 4. fabrication. No matter who works, they are forged out of thin air at will, and what they see is more like the general calligraphy of Song, Wen Tianxiang and Ming. For example, in Thai, stone flowers and stones are painted; in Ming Dynasty, Yang Weizhen's chicken and Fang Xiaoru's pine. For example, three people, such as Taishihua (Master Flower), have never heard that they can draw. This obviously impossible thing, an appraiser with a little artistic common sense, is always false, so it is also the easiest to identify. The main reason for making fake paintings like this is that it is easy to deceive people, so it was originally a famous calligrapher, but there are many injuries in the world, so few people do it. Find someone to do calligraphy and painting, write your name and stamp. This is called ghostwriting. Of course, calligraphy ghostwriting is ghostwriting, but the imprint is for personal use; Some paintings are handwritten, others can be written by another person, and only the imprint is for personal use. Although ghostwriting is inspired by oneself, it is different from forgery without permission, but in essence, it always uses another person's title and seal, which is still a kind of forgery, but the starting point is a little different.