Zhuge Liang:
Plowing in Nanyang
In the second year of Jian'an (197), Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother were farming in Longzhong. Zhuge Liang always missed Liang Fuyin, and often compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. People at that time looked down upon him. Only his friends Xu Shu, Cui Zhouping, Meng Jian, and Shi Tao believed in his talents. Known as "Wolong". He had friendships with Sima Hui, Pang Degong, Huang Chengyan and other famous celebrities in Jingzhou at that time. Huang Chengyan once said to Zhuge Liang: "I heard that you are choosing a wife; I have an ugly girl with yellow hair and black hair, but her talents match her. You match.)" Zhuge Liang agreed to the marriage and married her immediately. People at that time made fun of this as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the countryside: "Don't be like Kong Ming when choosing a wife, or you will get an ugly girl like A Cheng."
Longzhong's pair
At that time , Liu Bei attached himself to Liu Biao and stationed troops in new areas. Later, when I visited Sima Hui, I heard him say: "Confucian scholars and laymen, how can they know the current affairs when they look at the thatched cottage? Those who know the current affairs are the heroes. There are crouching dragons and phoenix chicks here." [Those Confucian scholars are all people with limited knowledge. How can they understand the current world? At this time, only Wolong (Zhuge Liang) and Feng Chu (Pang Tong) are the heroes." Later, he was recommended by Xu Shu and wanted to introduce him to him, but Xu Shu said: "This person. You can meet him, but don't give in. The general should go to see him in vain (you can go to see this person, but you can't let him come here. The general should deign to visit him)."
Liu Bei went there in person. I visited Zhuge Liang three times before meeting him. Liu Bei asked others to stay away and asked Zhuge Liang: "The Han Dynasty has fallen, traitors have stolen lives, and the Lord is covered in dust. I don't measure my virtue and measure my strength, and I want to believe in (extend) righteousness to the world, but my wisdom and skills are shallow, so I The use is rampant, as of today. However, the ambition is still there, and the emperor said that the plan will be implemented? (Now the Han Dynasty is in decline, traitors are using the emperor's orders to do things, and the emperor is forced to move the capital many times and suffers from trouble. I have no way to measure my own virtue and ability. I want to revive the world with great righteousness, but my wisdom and strategies are short and insufficient, so I often fail. However, my ambition has not been calmed down yet. Do you have any strategies to help me? ) Liang replied: "Since Dong Zhuo has arrived? There are countless heroes who have joined forces across the state. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao is relatively unknown and outnumbered. Cao has millions of people, holding the emperor and commanding the feudal lords. This can not be competed with. Sun Quan has occupied Jiangdong for three generations. The country is in danger and the people are attached to it. It can be used as a reinforcement but not in Jingzhou. It controls Han and Mian in the north, and controls the South China Sea. It connects Wuhui in the east and Bashu in the west. This is a country that uses military force, but its owner cannot defend it. It is almost impossible for him to be a general. How can the general care about it? Yizhou is dangerous and has fertile fields for thousands of miles. In the land of Tianfu, Liu Zhang was weak, Zhang Lu was in the north, the people were prosperous and the country was wealthy, but they did not know how to save themselves. The wise general was the leader of the imperial family, and he was loyal to the world, commanding the heroes and thinking of the virtuous. If you are thirsty, if there are Jing and Yi across the road, protect the rocks, make peace with the Rong in the west, pacify the Yiyue in the south, befriend Sun Quan externally, and cultivate political principles internally. If there is a change in the world, then order a general to lead the army of Jingzhou to the front. "Wan and Luo, the general leads the people of Yizhou out of Qinchuan. Will the people dare not wash the pots of wine to welcome the general? If so, the hegemony will be achieved and the Han Dynasty will be prosperous." Zhuge Liang told Liu Bei. It also analyzed the situation of Cao Cao's plan to divide the world into three parts (taking the emperor to order the princes) and Sun Quan's assistance. It also detailed the cowardice of the monarchs of Jing and Yi states, and only by possessing these two states could they win, that is, He explained the necessity and possibility of capturing the two states; he also told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This discussion later became known as Longzhong Dui (Longzhong is still controversial, one said Caolu Dui), and Liu Bei praised it even more after hearing it, so Zhuge Liang began to serve Liu Bei. Liu Bei often discussed with him, and their relationship became increasingly close. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were very displeased. Liu Bei explained to them: "A solitary person has a clear sky, just like a fish has water. I hope you will not say anything more." Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others stopped complaining.
Guojiang Zuo
At that time, due to the influence of Liu Qi's stepmother, Liu Biao gradually became dissatisfied with Liu Qi. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang several times for advice on how to stabilize himself, but Zhuge Liang refused every time. During a banquet, Liu Qi used the method of going up to the house to take out the ladder to get Zhuge Liang to come up with a solution. Zhuge Liang then asked Liu Qi: "Don't you see that Shen Sheng is in danger inside?" , Chong'er is safe outside? [Don't you see that in the Spring and Autumn Period, Shen Sheng was in danger, but Chong'er (referring to Jin Wengong) was safe outside?]" Liu Qi understood what he meant, and it happened that Huang Zu was killed by Sun Jun. After he was killed, Liu Qi recommended him as the prefect of Jiangxia.
In August of the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208), Liu Biao died of illness, and his second son Liu Cong succeeded him. Hearing the news that Cao Cao was going south, he sent envoys to surrender. After Liu Bei found out about this in Fancheng, he led his army and people to flee south. Cao Jun caught up with Liu Jun at Dangyang Changban. Xu Shu's mother was captured by Cao Cao's army, and Xu Shu had to surrender to Cao Cao. Liu Bei arrived at Xiakou, and Sun Quan had previously sent Lu Su to observe the situation and suggested to Liu Bei that he ask Sun Quan for help. Zhuge Liang then recommended himself to Chaisang to speak, and Zhuge Liang became friends with Lu Su. After arriving at Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met Sun Quan and first gave Sun Quan two choices using a dichotomy: "If you can use the people of Wu and Yue to compete with China, it is better to defeat them early (if you can use the large people of Wu and Yue to compete with the Central Plains) If the country cannot compete with Cao Cao, it is better to break off diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as soon as possible)"; another option is to provoke the general, "If you can't do it, why not arm your troops and attack from the north! (If you think you can't resist, why not stop military operations and go north! "Being a minister!" "North" has a double meaning here: one is that Cao Cao was in the north at the time; the other is that when the monarch and his ministers meet, the ministers usually face the north)"
Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang, what did Liu Bei mean? Don't surrender. Zhuge Liang then raised Liu Bei's status, saying that Liu Bei had integrity and would never surrender, in order to show Liu Bei's determination to Sun Quan. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei still had to fight. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. He first said that the scattered soldiers from the army returned and Guan Yu's navy had ten thousand people. In addition, Liu Qifan's Jiangxia soldiers were no less than ten thousand. He then said that Cao's army was exhausted from afar. When chasing Liu Bei, he used Qingqi to attack Liu Bei. After traveling more than three hundred miles day and night, it was "the end of the strong crossbow, and the force could not penetrate Lu Zhen"; and the northerners were not used to water warfare, and the people of Jingzhou were forced to obey Cao Cao, not convinced; in the end, it was definitely said that Cao Cao could be defeated. Sun Quan was very happy, and was later persuaded by Lu Su and Zhou Yu to decide to join forces with Liu to fight against Cao. He sent Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, Lu Su and others with 30,000 naval troops to start a war with Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang then returned to Liu Bei with his army. In November, Cao Cao was defeated in Chibi and returned to the north.
Sufficient food and sufficient troops
After the Battle of Chibi, Liu Bei pacified the four counties of Jingnan in December, appointed Zhuge Liang as military advisor Zhonglang General, and lived in Linhang, supervising Ling. Ling, Guiyang, and Changsha counties were responsible for adjusting taxes and enriching military resources. In the 16th year of Jian'an (211), Yizhou Mu Liu Zhang sent Fa Zheng to ask Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others guarded Jingzhou. By December of the following year, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and also attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Shu to help, leaving Guan Yu in charge of the defense of Jingzhou, dividing his troops to pacify various counties, and together with Liu Bei besieged Chengdu. In the 19th year of Jian'an (214), Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei took control of Yizhou.
Zhuge Liang received five hundred catties of gold, one thousand catties of silver, fifty million yuan, and one thousand pieces of brocade. He was also appointed as military advisor general and assigned to the left general's office. Whenever Liu Bei sent troops to conquer, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing Liu Bei with enough food and troops. For example, in the Battle of Hanzhong, he provided financial support for Liu Bei. In the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and established himself. In the second year of Huangchu (221), the officials heard the news that Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty had been murdered, and persuaded Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to ascend the throne as emperor. Liu Bei refused, so Zhuge Liang used the story of Geng Chun to persuade Liu Xiu to ascend the throne to persuade Liu Bei. So Liu Bei agreed and appointed Zhuge Liang as the prime minister to record the affairs of the minister during the holidays. In the same year, Zhang Fei died, and Zhuge Liang took over the post of Sili Xiaowei.
Tuogu
In August of the second year of Zhangwu (222), Bai Di Tuogu Liu Bei was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou in the Eastern Expedition and retreated to Yong'an. Zhuge Liang lamented that it was a pity that Fazheng had passed away. , otherwise Liu Bei’s Eastern Expedition will surely be stopped. In February of the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei was seriously ill and summoned Zhuge Liang to Yong'an to take care of the funeral arrangements with Li Yan. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang: "The king is ten times more talented than Cao Pi. He will definitely be able to stabilize the country and settle major events. If he has an heir, If he is not talented, you can help him. [You are ten times more talented than Cao Pi, and you will definitely be able to settle the country and achieve great things. If your heir (Liu Chan) can help, then help him; if he doesn't, you can help him. You can judge your talents by yourself.]" Zhuge Liang cried and said: "I dare to devote all my strength to my loyalty to my chastity until my death! ! )" Liu Bei also asked Liu Chan to regard Zhuge Liang as his father.
In April, Liu Bei passed away and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne. He made Zhuge Liang the Marquis of Wuxiang and opened official offices. Soon after, he took over the post of Yizhou Mu again. Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang for all political matters, big and small, and was decided by Zhuge Liang. Originally, the Nanzhong region took the opportunity to rebel due to Liu Bei's defeat. Zhuge Liang did not send troops because the country had just lost its monarch, but sent Deng Zhi and Chen Zhen to Soochow to repair the situation.
Southern Expedition
Until the spring of the third year of Jianxing (225), Zhuge Liang led his army to the south. Before leaving, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Liang a golden ax with a curved lid and a feather on the front and back. Each one has sixty people. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: Barma is today's northern border of Myanmar) to attack Yongkai and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang adopted Ma Su's suggestion of joining the army and focused on attacking the heart. He first defeated Yongkai's army, then captured and manipulated Meng Huo seven times. Autumn puts an end to all chaos. After the Shu Han settled in Nanzhong and obtained a certain supply of troops, after a long period of accumulation, it had the foundation for the Northern Expedition.
Northern Expedition
1. In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (228), Zhuge Liang raised his voice in advance and took the diagonal valley road to capture Xi. He asked Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to set up suspicious troops to attract Cao Zhen's heavy troops, and he led his army to attack Qishan ( Northwest of present-day Xihe County, Gansu Province). The three counties of Nan'an, Tianshui and Anding in Longyou rebelled against Wei and attached themselves to Shu. Zhang He refused and defeated Ma Su in the street pavilion. Zhuge Liang drove more than a thousand families in Xi County back to Hanzhong. This is my first time out of Qishan.
2. In the winter of the same year, Zhuge Liang left Sanguan (southwest of today's Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) to surround Chencang (east of today's Baoji City, Shaanxi Province). He ran out of food and returned to Hanzhong. Wei general Wang Shuang came to pursue him and was beheaded.
3. In the spring of the seventh year of Jianxing (229), Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu (surrounding today's Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and Yinping (surrounding today's Wenxian County, Gansu Province) counties. Guo Huai, the governor of Yongzhou, led troops to rescue him. Liang came out to Jianwei (today's west of Xihe County, Gansu Province), and Guo Huai retreated. Then he got two counties.
4. In the autumn of the eighth year of Jianxing (230), the Wei army attacked Hanzhong in three directions. Sima Yi took Xicheng (now northwest of Ankang City, Shaanxi Province), Zhang He took Ziwu Valley, and Cao Zhen took Xie Valley. Zhuge Liang stationed troops in Chenggu (east of today's Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) and Akasaka (twenty miles east of today's Yang County, Shaanxi Province). It rained heavily for more than thirty days, and the Wei army retreated. In the same year, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu Yi to the west to enter the Qiangzhong, and defeated Wei Hou General Fei Yao (Yao) and Yongzhou Governor Guo Huai in Yangxi (in Nan'an County, southwest of Wushan in present-day Gansu Province).
5. In February of the ninth year of Jianxing (231), Zhuge Liang led his army to attack Qishan and began to transport it with wooden oxen. At that time, Cao Zhen was seriously ill, and Sima Yi, the commander-in-chief of Guanzhong, refused to go out. Zhuge Liang cut wheat in Shanggui (now Tianshui County, Gansu Province). Sima Yi pursued Liang to Lucheng (now between Tianshui City and Gangu, Gansu Province), dug a camp to defend himself, and was ridiculed as "fearing Shu as much as fearing a tiger". In May, Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang fought. Wei Yan and other generals captured the enemy's 3,000-level armor, 5,000 mysterious armor leaders, and 3,100 horned crossbows. In June, Li Yan asked Liang to return due to lack of food transportation. Zhang He chased Liang and retreated to the wooden gate, where he was shot to death by an arrow. This is the second trip out of Qishan.
6. In February of the twelfth year of Jianxing (234), Zhuge Liang led his army out of Xiegu Road and settled in Weibin at Wugong Wuzhangyuan (now south of Qishan, Shaanxi Province). Sima Yi couldn't get out. In August, Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan. Yang Yi and others led the army back, and there was an incident of "Death of Zhuge and rebirth of Zhongda".
Of these six military campaigns, only two were sent out of Qishan. The fourth use of troops was for defense, and Shu and Wei did not fight. [Edit this paragraph] Zhuge Liang's chronology, year, age, life and deeds
Age 1, 181, the fourth year of Guanghe, Zhuge Liang was born on April 14 of the lunar calendar in 181 AD in Langye Yangdu (today's Langye Yangdu) Yinan County, Shandong).
In the sixth year of Zhongping (189), at the age of 9, Zhuge Liang’s biological mother Zhang passed away.
In the third year of Chuping (192), at the age of 12, Zhuge Liang’s father Zhuge Gui passed away.
In 194, the first year of Xingping, at the age of 14, Zhuge Liang, his younger brother Zhuge Jun and his younger sister were adopted by their uncle Zhuge Xuan. His older brother Zhuge Jin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother.
In 195, the second year of Xingping, at the age of 15, Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the governor of Yuzhang. He and his younger siblings went to Yuzhang (now Nanchang) with his uncle.
In 197, the second year of Jian'an, Zhuge Xuan died of illness at the age of 17. Zhuge Liang and his siblings moved to Nanyang (today's Wollongong, Nanyang)
In the fourth year of Jian'an, 199, at the age of 19, Zhuge Liang, his friend Xu Shu and others studied under Mr. Shui Jing, Sima Hui.
In 207, the twelfth year of Jian'an, at the age of 27, Liu Bei went to Xiangyang (today's Xiangfan, Hubei Province) to visit the thatched cottage three times. Zhuge Liang told Liu Bei, "Longzhong is right". Then he came out to assist Liu Bei.
In the twelfth year of Jian'an, 207, at the age of 27, Zhuge Liang won the first battle
In the thirteenth year of Jian'an, 208, at the age of 28, Zhuge Liang went to Soochow as an envoy to persuade Sun Quan, the leader of Wu, to resist Cao Cao.
In 209, the 14th year of Jian'an, at the age of 29, Zhuge Liang was appointed as the military advisor Zhonglang General.
In 211, the 16th year of Jian'an, at the age of 31, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Yun guarded Jingzhou.
In 214, the 19th year of Jian'an, at the age of 34, Zhuge Liang left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, and divided his forces with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun to join forces with Liu Bei. Liu Bei captured Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed military advisor general and assigned to General Zuo's office.
In the 20th year of Jian'an, 215, at the age of 35, Zhuge Liang rectified the internal affairs of Bashu.
In the 23rd year of Jian'an (218), at the age of 38, Zhuge Liang stayed in Bashu to supply Liu Bei who was fighting in Hanzhong.
In 221, the first year of Shu Zhangwu, at the age of 41, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, and the country was named "Han". It was called Shu Han or Shu in history. Zhuge Liang was appointed prime minister.
In 223, the first year of Shu Jianxing, at the age of 43, Liu Bei defeated Baidi City and left Yong'an alone in Zhuge Liang. After Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan ascended the throne, granted Zhuge Liang the title of Marquis of Wuxiang, and led Yizhou as pastoralist (Liu Chan called Zhuge Liang his chief father).
In 224, the second year of Jianxing of Shu, at the age of 44, Zhuge Liang adjusted the internal affairs of Bashu.
In 225, the third year of the founding of Shu, at the age of 45, Zhuge Liang led his army to conquer the south and pacified the southern barbarians.
In 227, the fifth year of the founding of Shu, at the age of 47, Zhuge Liang wrote in the "Departure List" and stationed troops in Hanzhong for the Northern Expedition.
In 228, the sixth year of the founding of Shu, at the age of 48, Zhuge Liang lost his street pavilion during the Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang killed Ma Su and demoted himself to the right general, acting as prime minister.
In 229, the seventh year of the founding of Shu, at the age of 49, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition, captured Wudu and Yinping, and restored his position as prime minister.
In the eighth year of the founding of Shu (230 AD), at the age of 50, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition.
In 231, the ninth year of the founding of Shu, at the age of 51, Zhuge Liang went north to attack Qishan, defeated the Wei army, and ambushed the famous Wei general Zhang He at Mumen.
In the 11th year of the founding of Shu (233 AD), at the age of 53, Zhuge Liang built a pavilion in Xiegu to gather grain.
In the twelfth year of the founding of Shu, 234, at the age of 54, Zhuge Liang went on another northern expedition. He died of illness in Wuzhangyuan due to overwork. [Edit this paragraph] Historical evaluation of Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms": Zhuge Liang is the prime minister of the country, appeases the people, shows rituals, appoints officials, obeys authority, is sincere, and delivers justice; those who are loyal and beneficial will be rewarded even if they are hated, and those who break the law are negligent No matter how close the person is, he will be punished; if he admits his crime and betrays his love, he will be released, no matter how serious it is; if he talks cleverly, he will be killed no matter how minor it is; no good deeds will be rewarded if they are small, and no evil will be devalued if they are small; simple matters should be refined, physical principles should be followed, and names and responsibilities should be followed. In fact, hypocrisy is disdainful; in the end, within the territory of the country, one is fearful but loves it; although the punishment and administration are severe but there is no resentment, one's intentions are calm and the warning is clear. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern, and Guan and Xiao are inferior to each other. However, he has been trying to mobilize the masses for many years without success, so he must adapt to the general strategy and it is not his strength!
"Yuan Zi": If the law is strictly enforced, the people of the country will be satisfied with it, and if the people do their best, they will not complain. His soldiers come in and out like guests, and they are not invaders. Those who eat grass and grass do not hunt, just like in the country. The way he uses his troops is to stop like a mountain and advance and retreat like the wind. When the troops are sent out, the world is shaken, but the people's hearts are not worried. In the decades since Liang's death, the people of the country have been thinking about it, just like the Zhou people thought about summoning the duke. Confucius said, "Yong can also make him go to the south." Zhuge Liang had this in mind.
Liu Bei: "There is a hole in a solitary person, just like a fish in water. I hope you will not say anything more." "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will surely be able to secure the country and resolve major events. If your heir can assist you, If he is not talented, you can take it yourself."
Sima Hui: "How do Confucian scholars know the current affairs? Those who know the current affairs are the heroes."
Sima Hui. p>
Meng Huo: "My lord, God is so powerful that the southerners will never rebel."
Jia Xu: "Zhuge Liang is good at governing the country."
Liu Ye: " Zhuge Liang is wise in governing and is the prime minister."
Xu Shu said: "This person can be seen, but he should not be ignored. The general should take care of him in vain." "Zhuge Kongming is also a lying dragon."
Zhang Yi: "Rewards should not be far away, punishments should not be close, no titles should be obtained without merit, and punishments should not be avoided by high power. This is why the wise and the foolish forget their own bodies."
< p>Yang Hong: "The Western soil has served Zhuge Liang to the best of his ability."Ma Liang: "My dear brother, I have paid tribute to the world, and my career has brought glory to the country, and my fortune is far-reaching. I am using Yalu." , review the importance of the wise, and use simple talents to suit the time. If it is harmonious and joyful, and the virtue is heaven and earth, it makes the time close to the listener, and the world obeys the Tao, and the noble and wonderful voices are harmonious, and the voices of Zheng and Wei are harmonious. It is beneficial to things, and there is no need to compete with others. This is the perfection of orchestral music, the harmony of teeth and openness."
Fan Jian: "If you hear evil, you will change it, and you will not be cautious about your mistakes. You should trust the gods in rewards and punishments.
Zhang Wen: "However, when Zhuge Liang saw the calculation, he must have known that God was concerned about Qu Shen's advisability, and he would receive the favor of the imperial court. There is no doubt that he would like to promote Liang."
"
Sima Yi: "He is truly a genius in the world! ”
: “He has great ambitions but does not see opportunities, he has many plans but few decisions, he is a good soldier but has no power. Even though he has a hundred thousand soldiers, he has fallen into my painting and must be destroyed.” ""Book of Jin. Chronicles of Emperor Xuan"
Yang Xi's "Praise to the Assistant Ministers of the Han Dynasty" praised Prime Minister Zhuge: "Zhongwu Yinggao, offering advice by the riverside, climbing Wu, Lianshu, and the power of my world is true. After receiving the legacy of A Heng, he improved his martial arts and improved his writing, spread out moral education, studied physics and changed the wind, and the wise and foolish competed with each other in mind, and he forgot his body. In the country of Jingjing, the four descendants of Yisui came to the enemy's court many times, showing off their power, studying the great country, and hating the Weiyi. ”
Xi Long and Xiang Chong: “Kuang Liang’s virtues are far-reaching, and his achievements are unparalleled throughout his life.” ”
Sima Yan: “That’s so good. I got this person to support myself. How could I have done so much today?” ”
Fu Qian: “Zhuge Liangda knows how to manage changes, is upright and thoughtful, and acts as a prime minister. ”
Guo Chong: “Jincheng Guo Chong thought that he had bright powers, wisdom and heroic strategies, and that he had exceeded Guan and Yan, but his achievements were not realized. The commentators are confused, and the five bright things have disappeared and are not known to the world. Bao and others are also It cannot be repeated. King Fufeng was generous and good at rushing. ”
Liu Chan issued an edict: “Ma Su is to blame for the battle at the street pavilion, but the king offended him, deeply devalued himself, violated the king’s will again, and obeyed his orders. In the year before last, when the army was in full glory, Que killed Wang Shuang; in this year's Yuan Zheng, Guo Huai escaped; he surrendered the Di and Qiang, revived the two counties, and the power of the town was ferocious, and his merits were obvious. Just now, the people are harassing, and the original evil has not been eliminated. The king has received a great responsibility and is responsible for the country. However, he has been hurting himself for a long time, which is not why he is glorious and powerful. Now that I have returned to you as Prime Minister, please do not say goodbye. "Wei Jun is a man of civil and military talents, wise and sincere. He was entrusted by an orphan to assist me. He continues to prosper and is determined to pacify the chaos; he is in charge of the six divisions, and he fights at all times. He is impressive in his martial arts, and he controls the eight wastelands with great power." He made special contributions to Jihan and participated in the great achievements of Yi and Zhou. How can you not be worried? When things happen, you will be overwhelmed by sudden illness and death! I mourn with sorrow, and my heart is as broken. The husband respects virtue and prefaces his merits, and records his posthumous honors, so that the future will be bright and immortal. Today, I envoy Chijie Zuozhonglang General Du Qiong to present you with the seal ribbon of the Marquis of Wuxiang, the Prime Minister, and posthumously title you the Marquis of Zhongwu. The soul has spirit, Jiazi favors it. Alas! Alas! ”
Later generations greatly praised Zhuge Liang’s loyalty and deeds, such as:
Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty: “Zhuge Liang said: I will devote my whole life to death.” As a minister, only Zhuge Liang can do this. ”
Sun Qiao of the Tang Dynasty: “It has been five hundred years since the death of Marquis Wu. Up to now, the people of Liang and Han have been singing songs and offering sacrifices in temples as if they were still there. They have loved the people for so long.” ”
Tao Kan, a poet in the Western Jin Dynasty, praised Mei Tao: “The spirit of machine intelligence is like Wei Wu, and the loyalty and obedience are like Kong Ming.”
Chang Xu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty: "If you govern the country with courtesy, the people will have no complaints, and if you don't abuse lynching, there will be no tears left." "
Wang Tong of the Sui Dynasty: "If Zhuge Liang had not died, rituals and music would have flourished. "
"Tang Wencui" records what Shang Chi said in the "Preface to the Inscription on the Zhuge Wuhou Temple Stele": "When the official wrote about the food in the temple, it became an unpublished canon. Within a mountain, every movement and movement , the shape is majestic. If there is a severe drought in the country, if the country prays for it, it can become clouds and rain. This means that everyone is benefiting, and life and death are the same in ancient and modern times. Death and immortality are more valuable than life. Another article written by Lu Wen, "The Temple of Zhuge Wuhou", said: "If the great honor is not gathered, God will seize it." Sincerity is unforgettable, shining in the sun and moon, and the fierce energy never dissipates. Long as a thunderstorm. ”
Du Fu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once admired Zhuge Liang’s deeds and wrote several poems about Zhuge Liang, including "The Prime Minister of Shu" (two of them have the same name) and "Ode to Ancient Relics Part 4" , "Zhuge Kongming", "Eight Formations", "Gubaihang", "Wuhou Temple", "Zhuge Temple", "Geye". Among them, "Three visits to the world" in "The Prime Minister of Shu", the two dynasties opened. Help the old minister's heart. "Died before he left the army and made the hero burst into tears" has also become a famous saying about Zhuge Liang's life in the future. Other poets have also written many poems to praise Zhuge Liang, such as "Reading Zhuge Wuhou's Biography of Huai" by Li Bai, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. "Gift to Uncle Cui Shaofu of Chang'an to Feng Kunji", "Zhuge Wuhou" by Song Dynasty statesman and writer Wang Anshi, "Wuhou Temple" by Ming Dynasty writer Yang Shen, "Shu Daoqi" by modern historian Guo Moruo, and Modern politicians Dong Biwu, Lu Dingyi, etc.
While affirming Zhuge Liang's intelligence, the great man Mao Zedong once tried to analyze the reasons for Zhuge Liang's failure to unify China and targeted Jingzhou and Yizhou proposed by Zhuge Liang in the "Longzhong Duel". Commenting on the general strategy of the two-pronged attack on the Northern Expedition of Cao Wei, he commented: "It started at Longzhong, and the force was divided into two parts thousands of miles away. In the end, Guan Yu, Liu Bei, and Zhuge Liang had three forces and were undefeated. "The previous sentence means that Zhuge Liang's strategy is inappropriate. Jingzhou is thousands of miles away from Yizhou. The division of troops between the two places will inevitably cause the Shu Han to lose its advantage in military strength.
The latter sentence "three-thirds of troops" refers to Guan Yu's defense of Jingzhou, Liu Bei's attack on Soochow, and Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition to the Central Plains. The historical fact of "three-thirds of troops" ultimately caused the Shu Han's vitality to be severely damaged and the foundation for the unification of China to be lost. However, some people disagreed with Mao Zedong's analysis. Longzhong originally hoped to "take full advantage of the South China Sea" by supporting the Jingzhou Army's Northern Expedition. In addition, Yizhou carried out a pincer strategy. However, Liu Bei failed to achieve it later because of the Nanjun. The loss caused Guan Yu to lose his advantage in the Battle of Xiangfan, not the result of dividing the force by two. On the other hand, regarding the historical events of losing Jieting and beheading Ma Su, Mao Zedong once commented: "In the first battle, it is better to prepare for the battle." He believed that Zhuge Liang should personally lead the army to advance and make arrangements before the battle, instead of dividing his troops and assigning responsibilities to others.
The couplet hanging in the Zhuge Liang Hall of Wuhou Temple in Chengdu was written by Zhao Fan, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty. This couplet has attracted the attention of Mao Zedong and others. Its content is:
"If you can attack the heart, you will be defeated by the side. From ancient times, it has been known that soldiers are not warlike;
If you do not assess the situation, you will be lenient and strict. Wrong, we need to think deeply about governing Shu later."
The great revolutionary forerunner Sun Yat-sen praised Zhuge Liang in the Three People's Principles: "Zhuge Liang is very talented, so he was able to establish a good government in Western Shu. He left Qishan for the Northern Expedition in six months, and made three with Wu and Wei.