185 1 year 65438+ February, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was established in Yong 'an, and Shi Dakai was a thousand years old.
1857, the commander-in-chief of the left army was named the wing king, the Tianjing Incident was named the commander-in-chief of the holy spirit, and the military and civilians were honored as the righteous king (I am not humble).
Shi Dakai is one of the most legendary figures in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. /kloc was interviewed at the age of 0/6./kloc commanded thousands of troops at the age of 0/9, was crowned king at the age of 20, and died heroically in Chengdu at the age of 32. He lived a vigorous life and sympathized with the people's livelihood. His life story was praised by later generations and was regarded as the most perfect image in the peasant uprising in China.
1In the autumn of 854, Zeng Guofan and Wang Shidakai, the wing of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, launched a protracted war in Jiujiang and Hukou. This is the first time that Zeng Guofan, 44, and Shi Dakai, 24, met. This battle, some people think, is the most brilliant battle in Shi Dakai.
1852, after Xiao Chaogui, the Queen Mother of the West, was killed in Changsha, Hunan Province, the Taiping Army was caught in a counter-campaign by the Qing army at the gates of Changsha, and the situation was extremely critical. Shi Dakai led his troops to cross the Xiangjiang River to the west, and opened up a base area in Hexi, which eased the danger of food shortage of Taiping Army, repelled the invading enemy many times, won a great victory in land and water, and plunged the morale of the Qing army. Later, he led the whole army to retreat safely through Hexi and jumped out of the counter-encirclement.
1In March of 853, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom made Jinling its capital and changed its name to Tianjing. Shi Dakai stayed in Beijing to assist East Wang Yang Xiu Qing in handling government affairs. After the capital was established, the hedonism of kings rose, and beauties were widely selected, and houses were destroyed to repair palaces. According to the wealth of the national treasury, Shi Dakai is the only one who has never been involved.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/853, Shi Dakai was ordered to leave Anqing, an important town, to control the Western Expedition. He broke the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's tradition of attaching importance to siege and neglecting the construction of base areas, adopted a slow and steady strategy, gradually expanded the scope of base areas, personally commanded and conquered Luzhou (now Hefei), the temporary capital of Anhui Province, and forced Jiang Zhongyuan, a famous soldier, to commit suicide.
/kloc-a water army was formed in early August, 855, and the Xiang army was defeated twice in Hukou and Jiujiang, forcing Zeng Guofan, the coach of the Xiang army, to almost commit suicide.
1in March, 856, Shi Dakai suffered a crushing defeat in Zhangshu, Jiangxi Province, and Zeng Guofan, the manager of the project, was almost besieged to death. Shi Dakai was transferred back in time to solve the crisis in Beijing. According to historical records, Shi Dakai drove Zeng Guofan to nearly commit suicide five times.
These are Shi Dakai's brilliant achievements.
According to historical records, when Shi Dakai left Tianjing for Lu 'an, Anhui Province, there were "about 60,000 officials and 70,000 brothers". Shi Dakai went all the way south. After the defeat of Baoqing, more than 10,000 soldiers were recruited along the way, and Guilin, the capital of Guangxi, was besieged. Shi Dakai returned to his hometown in Guangxi, so it is not a problem to open up a new situation in Guangxi with his hundreds of thousands of people. However, Shi Dakai's trip to Guangxi did not achieve the expected results. On the contrary, three fatal discrete incidents of troops occurred in Guangxi, which directly led to the weakening of Shi Dakai's troops and laid the groundwork for future defeats and killings.
The first time was1March 860, when Shi Dakai defeated Shi Zhen Ji and attacked Baise. Shi Dakai left Tianjing with the team, especially Lai Yuxin, Shi and Tao. They were used to fighting and were brave. When Tao, a pioneer, attacked Xiuren (Lipu), he was betrayed and killed by Zhang Gaoyou, a local peasant rebel, and tens of thousands of his men were also killed. The vanguard troops were defeated, and the stone department of the rear team had to besiege Baise, Pennsylvania. More than 30,000 people besieged Baise for a month but failed to conquer it, and the morale of the army began to fall apart. The Qing army began to cast double spies, causing internal division and infighting, killing each other and fleeing everywhere. When Shi led the remnants to Anding County, they were ambushed and intercepted by the local toast, and all the remnants were killed. Shi was escorted to the mansion and beheaded. History failed, losing tens of thousands of people, and Starkey's valiant soldiers lost two.
The second time was in May 1860, when Shi Dakai gave up Qingyuan, which led to the separation of teams. In Qingyuan, Shi Dakai's men hunted down local ethnic minorities, tore down people's houses to make a fire to cook, and killed everyone who shaved their hair. This series of measures made the Taiping Army lose the hearts of the people and could not get the support and support of the local people. Coupled with the "shortage of grain and rice" in Shi Dakai, the army did not dare to enter Chu, let alone Guizhou. In this passive situation, Shi Dakai decided to give up Qingyuan and go south to Guangxi. 1On June 8th, 860, Shi Dakai failed to pay wages in Pingyang, Lihe, Li Lan and other places, which was severely damaged by the local authorities. Shi Dakai's men Peng Dashun and Zhu Yidian led tens of thousands of people to surrender to the Qing army. When Shi Dakai entered Pennsylvania (Binyang), there were only more than 10,000 employees.
The third time was 186 1 at the beginning of the year. Zeng Guangyi lost in the battle from Guizhou to Guangxi. After the division failed, a team broke through and moved to central Guizhou. In Xingyi, Guizhou, Zhenfeng fought for several months, and then jointly abandoned Dushan in Guizhou and moved to Sanjiang in Guangxi with the local peasant uprising. However, after more than 10,000 people arrived in Rongshui, Yu and Zhang Shun mutinied again, and the team dispersed again, and finally all surrendered to the Qing army. As a result, hundreds of thousands of troops in Shi Dakai suffered heavy losses, and all kinds of battles almost ended in failure. Shi Dakai had to reorganize his troops and lead the remaining tens of thousands of people to Guizhou, passing through Guizhou and entering Sichuan. After Shi Dakai entered Guizhou, he still failed to concentrate on the policy of breaking through in turn, and divided the team into three teams to March from different directions. The three teams couldn't work together, but fought separately, making the mistake of roving bandits. In the end, Shi Dakai entered Sichuan alone and was wiped out by the Dadu River. When Shi Dakai was destroyed, there were Taiping rebels in Guizhou.
Shi Dakai's execution photos.
There are several reasons for Shi Dakai's repeated wars and defeats in his later period. First, after leaving Tianjing, Shi Dakai's mood has been depressed, and he failed to cheer up immediately and formulate a good strategic policy, resulting in losses in Hunan and Jiangxi, which led to the alienation of his subordinates. Second, after entering Guangxi, it failed to make good use of the power of great achievements, but lost elite generals, and the troops were defeated and scattered. Third, in the late Taiping Army, the military discipline was lax, and the rogue style appeared, which greatly lost the hearts of the people and the mass base. Fourth, Shi Dakai's mistakes in strategic decision-making, too scattered forces and fighting in Sichuan.