Yan Zhenqing
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Yan Zhenqing, (709-785), a native of Wanzhao, Jingzhao, was born in Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong) in the Tang Dynasty. Kaiyuan Jinshi An Shi Rebellion, who made meritorious service in resisting thieves, entered Beijing as an official, prince and founder of the county, so it was also called Yan. When Li Xilie rebelled in Dezong, he put the country first and went to the enemy camp to know what was right. He was finally killed by Li Xilie at the age of 77.
In the history of calligraphy, he is the most accomplished and influential calligrapher after the two kings. His book was a beginner in Zhang Xu, and there were four schools in the early Tang Dynasty. After that, many scholars were widely gathered to change the past into the law, forming a solemn, square and simple "face style".
When Yan Zhenqing was young, his family was poor and lacked paper and pens, so he used a pen to brush loess water to practice calligraphy on the wall. Chu Suiliang, a beginner, studied under Zhang Xu and four masters in the early Tang Dynasty. He not only accepted the seal script, but also accepted the writing style of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which made him unique. Contrary to the writing style of the early Tang Dynasty, he changed from thin and hard to full and vigorous, with great momentum. He is called "Yan Ti". Yan Ti has established his immortal status of regular script for thousands of years, and Yan Zhenqing is one of the influential calligraphy masters in the history of China calligraphy. His "Yan Ti", together with Liu Gongquan, is also called "Yan Liu" and has the reputation of "Yan Liu Jin Gu".
Liu Gongquan
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Liu Gongquan (778 -865), whose real name was Cheng Xuan, was a Jingzhao Chinese in the Tang Dynasty. He is a prince's official and is called "Liu" in the world. Because he was also named Duke of Hedong by the emperor, later generations also called him "Liu Hedong". He is a descendant of Yan Zhenqing, and later called them "Yan Liu", which became a model of calligraphy in past dynasties.
Characteristics of works
Liu Gongquan's calligraphy was very famous at that time in the Tang Dynasty, and there was a saying among the people that "Liu Zi is a thousand dollars". His calligraphy is vigorous and vigorous, and his words are rigorous and meticulous. As far as the characteristics of Chinese characters are concerned, they are famous for their thinness and strength. The regular script written is beautiful and strong, and the running script and regular script are the most exquisite. Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is called "Liu Style" because of its unique works.
Ouyang Xun
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Ou Yangxun (557-64 1) was born in Linxiang, Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan). His calligraphy achievements are based on regular script, with bold brushwork and unique structure, which is called "European style" by later generations. Originated from Han Li, he is vigorous, rigorous in statutes, sees danger in peacetime, elegant in composition, interspersed with brushstrokes and properly arranged. Regular script is the Ming Dynasty of Liquan in Jiucheng Palace, and the most famous running scripts are Meng Diantie and Hans Zhang Tie. There are many other styles. Zhang Tang said in "Broken Books and Huaiguan":
Huai Su
Huai Su (737 ~ 799)
China calligrapher of Tang Dynasty. The common surname is money, but this word hides the truth. Yongzhou Lingling (now Yongzhou, Hunan) people. Becoming a monk since childhood. Good at cursive writing, good at drinking, and writing books every time he gets drunk, so he is called a drunken monk. Its cursive brushwork is fine and round, flying naturally, and its statutes are complete. It is said that when he wrote a book, he "suddenly screamed three or five times and there were thousands of words on the wall." Together with the cursive master Zhang Xu at that time, it was called Dianzhangkuangcao. Today, there are ink self-narration posts, hidden truth posts, bitter bamboo shoots posts, book posts, fish eating posts, French posts, grass thousand-character texts and so on.
Chu suiliang
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Chu Suiliang (596 ~ 658)
Minister and calligrapher in the early Tang Dynasty. Originally from Yangzhai, Henan (now Yuxian, Henan), he moved south to Qiantang, Hangzhou (now west of Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in the late Jin Dynasty.
Chu Suiliang, Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan and Xue Qi were four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. His calligraphy works handed down from generation to generation include Preface to Tang Sanzang, Biography of Yique Buddhist Shrine, Monument to Master Meng, Square Monument, and Preface to the Wild Goose Pagoda. , ink for Ni Kuanzan.
Xu Zhang
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Zhang Xu (date of birth and death unknown), a native of Suzhou, is a commandant of Changshu County. Great calligrapher of Tang Dynasty. It is famous for cursive writing. Tang Wenzong once issued a rare imperial edict to the whole country: Li Bai's poems and songs, Zhang Xu's cursive script and Fei Min's sword dance can become the "three wonders" in the world.
Zhang Xu's calligraphy began with Zhangzhi and Erwang, with cursive script as the highest achievement. He himself is proud of inheriting the tradition of "two kings" and writes very well. On the other hand, he imitated Zhang Zhi's cursive art and created an unpredictable wild grass, which shocked the world. According to legend, he saw the princess arguing with her husband, and he heard the advocacy and got the meaning of brushwork; When I was in Yexian County, Henan Province, I loved watching Gong Sundaniang dance the sword of Xihe River, so I got the grass god. Yan Zhenqing resigned twice and asked him for his brushwork. Zhang Xu is a pure artist. He pours his emotions into stippling, and no one looks at it, and he is as intoxicated as a madman.
Song dynasty:
Su Shi
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Su Shi (1037 ~11year), a famous writer, painter and calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, was named "Dongpo Jushi" and was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Meizhou, Sichuan). He, his father, Su Xun, and his younger brother, Su Zhe, are both famous literary figures, and they are called "Three Sus" in the world. It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty.
Su Shi is also good at regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. Zeng studied under the famous artists of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and worshipped Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and became a family of his own. Ziyun: "I can't have published a book"; There is another cloud: "Be innovative and don't practice the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, his pen was refined, not as natural as his boss"; Another cloud said, "When I arrived in Huangzhou, my pen was very strong." In his later years, he was influenced by overseas storms. In addition, his knowledge, mind and knowledge are outstanding everywhere, and his life has been ups and downs. His calligraphy style is rich and naive. You can imagine that he is a person by looking at his calligraphy. People and books respect each other. At that time, his brothers, sons and nephews, You, Mai and Guo, as well as his friends and Zhao Lingzhi studied under him. Later, famous historical figures such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan and Zhang Zhidong also learned from him in the Qing Dynasty, which shows the great influence. Huang Tingjian said in Valley Collection: "Those who are good at books in this dynasty should take (Su) as the first."
Mi Fu
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Mi Fei (1051—1107), with a personal seal, numbered Xiangyang Manchu, Lumen layman, overseas history of sea prison, etc. According to the History of Song Dynasty and related records, Mi Fei was "called as a doctor of calligraphy and painting, and endowed with a convenient hall ... and a foreign minister of the Ministry of Rites". However, it is difficult to follow the official number because it "can't share the same festival with the world." Thus, Mi Fei is not proud in officialdom.
Mi Fei has extraordinary talent in calligraphy and painting, and is called "the four great masters of Song Dynasty" with Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Bicai and the history of calligraphy. His book is "Flying Easy, and Wang Xianzhi's brushwork"; Su Shi praised that "the wind and horses are irrelevant and should go hand in hand with Zhong Wang"; Huang Tingjian praised "like a sword, it has the potential to shoot with a strong crossbow ... the calligrapher's pen posture is also poor here". His paintings are "landscape figures, claiming to be a family" and creating "Mijia Yunshan", which is praised by history. It seems that Mi Fei is a master of painting and calligraphy who respects tradition and does not fall into the conventional pattern.
Huang tingjian
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Huang Tingjian (1045- 1 105), whose real name is Lu Zhi, a Taoist in the valley, was later named Fu Weng. A native of Fenning, Hongzhou (now Xiushui, Jiangxi). Poet and calligrapher of the Northern Song Dynasty, he was a scholar in the fourth year of Zhiping (1067). He was once an official of Ye Xianwei, a professor, proofreader, book assistant, secretary Cheng, a driver in Fuzhou and a resident in Guizhou. Shao Shengchu was demoted because of the inaccuracy of the book Feng Shen Lu. Later, the new party came to power and was demoted repeatedly. He died and was banished to Yizhou.
Huang Tingjian is one of the "Four Bachelor of Su Men". His poems are as famous as Su Shi's and are called "Su Huang". He is good at writing, poetry and calligraphy. The poetic style is strange, thin and hard, and the habit of light vulgarity is strongly abandoned. Advocate a generation of ethos and be the originator of Jiangxi poetry school. Exquisite calligraphy, and Su, Mi and Cai are also called "". Ci is as famous as Qin Guan, but its artistic achievements are not as good as Qin Guan. In his later years, he had a close relationship with Su Shi, with a thin style of ci, deep feelings, bold and elegant, and sometimes brilliant. There is "Valley Ci", also known as "Valley Qin Interesting Chapter". The main ink marks are Song Fengge Poetry, Hua Yanshu, Jingfubo Temple, Duxi, Li Bai's Nostalgia for Ancient Poems and Kuzhun Fu. The theory of this book includes On Jin and On Shu. Admire Boci poems, calligraphy and paper books, 46 lines, each with different characters, * * * 477 words. A survey of calligraphy and painting in He Qing Square and its style ancient halls. The first traces are now in Japan. This poem post, dozens of lines, is easy to write, exquisite in brushwork, magnificent and stretching. Fan Chengda commented that "the calligraphy of the valley in his later years is great, so there is no resentment in the post, and the heart and hand are one, and the pen and ink are as desired." This post is a sober and thoughtful work, which has the characteristics of Huang Tingjian's calligraphy art and is the representative work of Huang Tingjian in his later years.
Cai Xiang
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Cai Xiang (10 12- 1067) was born in Xinghua, Mo Jun (now Xianyou, Fujian). Tiansheng was a scholar in the eighth year (1030), and successively served as a collator of Guan Ge, a remonstrator, a history museum, a patent for intellectuals, a bachelor of Longtuge, a bachelor of Privy Council, a bachelor of Hanlin, a third secretary, and a bachelor of Central Duanming Hall in Song Dynasty. I also worked as a transshipment ambassador on Fujian Road (now Fuzhou, Fujian) and learned about Quanzhou, Fuzhou and Fujian. The pawn gave "loyalty" to the assistant minister of does. Cai Xiang is honest, trustworthy and knowledgeable. In the history of calligraphy, four great calligraphers, Su, Huang, Mi and Cai, are typical representatives of the calligraphy style in Song Dynasty. Among the "Song Sijia", the top three are Su Shi (Dongpo), Huang Tingjian (Fu Weng) and Mi Fei (Xiangyang Manshi). In China, Cai Xiang should be older than Su, Huang and Mi. Judging from the style of calligraphy, Su Wu has ups and downs; Huang tingjian rose vertically and horizontally; Miffy is handsome and bold, and their writing style is unique. Su, Huang and Mi are all good at cursive and running script, but Cai Xiang likes to write regular script. Cai Xiang's calligraphy is vigorous and dignified, simple and graceful, and is unique. When I exhibited Cai Xiang's calligraphy, I suddenly felt a spring breeze on my face, full of gorgeous Wen Ya breath.