What is "Spring and Autumn brushwork"?

the so-called "spring and autumn brushwork", also known as "spring and autumn calligraphy" or "expressing the righteousness in a subtle way", is a historical narrative method and skill in ancient China. As the name implies, a brushwork, or an art of using language, is an article writing method initiated by Confucius, that is, it shows the author's ideological tendency in the narrative of the article, rather than expressing it through argumentative rhetoric.

As a tradition of China's historical narration, the brushwork in the Spring and Autumn Period originated from the legendary Spring and Autumn Period. Spring and Autumn Annals, a history book of Lu. According to legend, it was repaired by Confucius. Scholars believe that every word it uses must contain praise and criticism. In history, Zuo Qiuming made a subtle exploration of the secluded, and first made a precise summary of this brushwork: "The name of Spring and Autumn Annals is subtle and obvious, with a gloomy ambition, a gentle chapter, doing everything without pollution, punishing evil and persuading good. Who can repair it without a sage?" (Translation: The description of Spring and Autumn Annals uses fine words and obvious meanings, records historical facts with profound implication, tactfully and logically, exhaustively without distortion, warns evil and praises kindness. If not a saint, who can write it? )

Because Confucius wrote The Spring and Autumn Annals, he implied praise and criticism when describing the history. Although he did not directly expound his views on people and events, he euphemistically and subtly expressed the author's subjective views through detailed description, rhetorical devices (such as the selection of words) and material selection. In order to explain Confucius' thoughts, later writers wrote special works to explain the inner meaning of Chunqiu, especially some details about the ceremony.

For example, "Wu Gong was angry and slaughtered it, saying," Hu, the country of brothers is also. What's the point of cutting a son's words? "Now that you have killed him (Guan Jisi), there is no need to use the humble title of" son "for people.

reference link: spring and autumn brushwork _ Baidu encyclopedia

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