Tea art is a beautiful artistic conception in the whole process of tea tasting, including the appreciation of tea tasting techniques and artistic operation means, as well as the beautiful appreciation of tea tasting environment, and its process embodies the mutual unity of form and spirit. The following are nine expressions of China tea ceremony aesthetics. Welcome to read!
First, God is calm.
China Tea Ceremony believes that tea ceremony is human nature. The beauty of tea ceremony is first of all the beauty of human nature. Chinese tea art is based on art, in which the beauty of form, appearance, charm and soul of tea people is first manifested. Among them, the most prominent is the charm of tea people. In the long-term and regular practice of tea art, tea people cultivate their self-cultivation with the help of the "five methods" of Buddhist practice (body adjustment, breath adjustment, heart adjustment, food adjustment and sleep adjustment).
Turn around: Tea people are required to sit, stand and walk in the tea ceremony. Sit up straight, your waist and neck should be straight, your muscles should be relaxed, your eyes should be calm, your expression should be confident, your manners should be calm and modest. Tea performance is an emotional communication between people, and the expression and behavior of performers are the expression of their inner feelings and inner qualities, so strict requirements should be made in peacetime training.
Pranayama: Breathe lightly, thinly and evenly, and don't be rough, gasping, anxious and disorderly.
Self-regulation: We should eliminate distracting thoughts and distracting thoughts, so as to achieve the unity of mind and heart (not to think about things unrelated to tea), not to float (not to be impetuous), not to sink (not to be groggy and listless), and to achieve emptiness, tranquility and tranquility.
Diet adjustment: Pay attention to moderate and timely diet, have food to eat, not hungry, but don't be too full.
Regulating sleep: no drowsiness, no insomnia, and orderly work and rest.
Tea people can enter the realm of "being wary" and "forgetting their seats" through the "five tones", and get the cultivation and perfection of personality such as great wisdom, self-transcendence, clear mind and edification of sentiment. Its characteristics are calm mind, mysterious spirit, calm manner, detachment and openness, and elegant demeanor.
Second, symmetry and heterogeneity.
The combination of symmetry and unevenness "symmetry" is a law of formal beauty that human beings recognized earlier and paid more attention to. From a physical point of view, symmetry refers to taking a line as the central axis and the two sides of the central axis are equal. Symmetry has aesthetic characteristics such as quietness and stability, which can set off the central position.
Uneven is an aesthetic law advocated by Japanese tea ceremony, which can be interpreted as "impossible" in Zen language, that is, there is no law. Japanese tea ceremony circles believe that perfect circle, square and all symmetrical forms lack aesthetic feeling, and only uneven things can give people endless imagination.
Chinese tea art emphasizes symmetrical beauty, but it does not exclude uneven beauty. On the contrary, China tea people believe that from the symmetrical beauty, we can show the laws of nature, while from the uneven beauty, people can play more aesthetic associations. The combination of these two aesthetic laws can complement each other and complement each other. For example, in the tea room, the tea table made of the roots of a thousand-year-old tree is selected to keep the natural shape of the roots. The annual rings on the desktop of the tea table form a wonderful pattern like a heavenly seal. The shape of the tea table and the pattern on the desktop are uneven and beautiful. On the other hand, the exquisite teacups and teapots on the coffee table present symmetrical beauty. The geometric vase on the coffee table is symmetrical, but the patchwork flower arrangement in the vase is uneven. The combination of these symmetrical beauty and uneven beauty makes the beauty in the teahouse attractive, endless, centered and not too messy. Symmetrical nursing embodies the overall beauty of coordination and unity; The movement of yin and yang has become the rhythmic beauty of artistic change, harmonious contrast, diversity and unity, and the dialectical thought in tea ceremony is all-encompassing and can be seen everywhere.
Third, care
"Zhouyi Gan": "Respond with one voice and seek with one spirit. When the water is wet, the fire is dry, the cloud follows the dragon and the wind follows the tiger. Saint man-made everything. "
It means that the same kind of things interact.
It means that people with similar interests and identical views echo each other and naturally combine together.
The "should" here originally meant to respond and ring. Later, China's classical aesthetics regarded "Ying" as an important rule of formal beauty, which is usually called "Ying" or "Ying". "Care" embodies the interdependence of things and has the function of coordination and unity. That is, scattered beauty, all elements can be organically integrated into a whole beauty through care. For example, tea flower arrangement, hanging pictures and couplets take care of the overall environment; Coordination of background music, text explanation and performance actions; Nursing care before and after tea ceremony programming. Proper use of quotation is conducive to the formation of colorful and not chaotic overall beauty.
Fourth, repeatedly.
Repetition, the basic law of aesthetic expression, also comes from Zhouyi. The hexagrams in Zhouyi are composed of two basic elements: Yin and Yang. The repeated appearance of yin and yang constitutes the sixty-four hexagrams, and the hexagrams themselves reflect a kind of repeated beauty.
Such as Gan, Kun, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Li, Liang and Dui. From the aesthetic point of view, repetition has a strong integrity and gives people a unified aesthetic feeling. In the face of beautifully structured works of art, the complete aesthetic feeling is not completed at once, and it needs repeated observation and experience.
Every time there is a new discovery, repetition is not a simple repetition. Repeated clever use can also deepen the theme and give people a progressive aesthetic feeling.
The reasonable use of repetition in background music, pattern decoration, program arrangement, tea action and text explanation during tea performance will not only make people feel monotonous, boring and boring, but also enhance the overall aesthetic feeling and rhythm of tea.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) rhythm
As an aesthetic expression, rhythm comes from the movement and change of the universe and the growth and development of life. Zong Baihua, a master of aesthetics, believes that "rhythm" is the basic symbol that runs through China people's life, personality, social system, artistic realm and cultural consciousness. This is obviously an imagination of the national soul and destiny, which gives Rhythm a special mission, that is, the ultimate basis for expressing China's artistic realm and cultural consciousness. Musicians create stanzas by alternating long and short notes and repeating strong and weak notes. Calligraphers and painters use lines and images to arrange the movement of organizations to express rhythm.
In the tea performance, the background music, explanations and actions should be full of rhythm. For example, tea people express the rhythm of action through the mutual transformation of opposites, such as yin and yang, rigidity and softness, movement, opening and closing, communication, surplus and deficiency, smoothness, lightness, shade and speed, and continuous, intermittent and repeated changes. Use the level, severity, urgency and cadence of pronunciation and intonation to express the rhythm of explanation.
On the basis of rhythm, it is endowed with certain emotional color and forms a law. Rhythm can give people more interest, impress people and satisfy people's spiritual enjoyment. Chinese tea art pays special attention to rhythm and aesthetic feeling, and fully displays the inner beauty of tea ceremony and the artistic beauty of tea art through vivid charm.
Six, Jane element
"Book of Changes" said: "It is easy to know, and it is easy to know. Easy is easy to know, simple is simple, and the world is reasonable. " Laozi and Zhuangzi's aesthetics believe that simplicity is beyond the reach of the world. Lu Yu also emphasized in the Book of Tea: "Tea is for drinking and is most suitable for elegant and thrifty people."
Walking in simple leisure, the beauty with profound meaning and endless aftertaste is the most beautiful, which is the Confucian aesthetics of "great joy is easy, big gifts are simple".
China has a saying that elephants are invisible since ancient times. Statement. China people have an aesthetic complex of "the intangible is better than the tangible". Simplifying complexity not only conforms to the foundation of tea ceremony, but also conforms to the pursuit of beauty of most intellectuals in China. Zheng Banqiao, one of the eight eccentrics in Yangzhou during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, loved tea and was good at painting. His bamboo paintings are tall and straight, elegant in style, simple and elegant, and full of charm, which is regarded as a must by future generations. Zheng Banqiao's profound reflection on simplicity and simplicity in China's classical aesthetics is to eliminate complexity and keep simplicity.
China's tea art emphasizes simplicity and beauty. Jane's performance in Chinese tea art is not to display redundant furnishings, wear redundant ornaments, do redundant actions and say redundant words. Su Yan's performance is not heavy makeup, not embellished with golden color, but pure and refined, simple but elegant and indifferent, infinite.
Seven. Harmony and contrast
These are two States that reflect the contradiction of things.
Harmony is seeking common ground, while contrast is reserving differences. Harmony is the juxtaposition and connection of two similar things. The application of harmony and contrast in the expression of tea art is not limited to color, but also in many aspects such as sound, texture and image. Put a bamboo tea tray on the root carving coffee table. Wood and bamboo are in harmony in texture. There is a rough teapot and several exquisite white porcelain teacups in the bamboo tea tray. There is a contrast of texture and image between pot and cup, pot and tea tray. If there is no harmony, everything will look messy and dazzling. On the contrary, if there is no contrast, everything will look dull and monotonous, so harmony and contrast are indispensable skills in the aesthetic expression of Chinese tea art.
Eight, elegant and mysterious
Elegance and mystery are the artistic beauty pursued by Chinese tea art, and tea people in China pursue lofty personality and are forced to seek leisure in temperament, which determines that they are destined to pursue aesthetic expression characterized by purity and quietness in tea art.
Taking purity as beauty is often manifested in tea art as the fragrance of tea, the clarity of water, the cleanliness of utensils, the elegance of environment and the leisure of mind. In tea tasting activities, tea people help tea with poems and paintings, adding elegance to the tea environment. Tea is used to assist piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, in order to increase the refreshment of tea people. Using tea to satirize the world is to show the pride of tea people. Taking tea as a friend is to show plain and exquisite friendship.
"You Xuan" is called "bottomless" in Zen language, which means unfathomable, implicit, meaningful and difficult to recall. The beauty of mystery is deeply related to the spirit of Zen Buddhism, which is mystical and difficult to express and describe, and must be understood with heart.
IX. Diversity and Unity
Laozi said, "Tao gives birth to one, two, three and everything." Everything is negative and holds yang, thinking that it is harmonious. "Laozi's cosmogenesis theory is the theoretical basis of the aesthetic law of diversity and unity." Three living things "are diverse, and" thinking harmoniously "is unified. Diversity and unity are the advanced rules of the formal beauty of China tea ceremony, and also the comprehensive expression of the beauty of tea ceremony.
China's classical aesthetics thinks: "Don't care." The word "one" here means single or monotonous. A single voice cannot have the aesthetic feeling of music, so it is naturally "deaf" (it doesn't sound good). A single object can not cause visual beauty, and naturally there is no text (not beautiful). China's classical aesthetics not only emphasizes the diversity of beauty, but also emphasizes the unity of beauty, and puts forward that "harmony is different, violation is not committed." "Harmony without difference" means that diversity should be harmonious, not exactly the same. The most outstanding performance in China's tea ceremony aesthetics is that the teapot made in Yixing shows "different circles and different styles." In the master's pen, simple geometric shapes such as circles and squares are ever-changing. The round and square pots they make are varied and have their own characteristics, which makes people never tire of seeing them. Violating the law means that diversity should be unified in change without chaos. In order to achieve harmony without difference, we should pay attention to two relations in diversity and unity: one is the master-slave relationship; The second is the relationship between hair growth. The master-slave relationship means that there must be a center among many factors required by tea aesthetics, so that there can be a master and a second. The relationship between hair growth means that many beautiful factors in tea art should be like a tree, with roots, stems and leaves growing from the same root, which has the inevitable internal connection of beauty.
Under the guidance of the law of diversity and unity, Chinese tea art has formed a colorful beauty of overall harmony, and all parts are subordinate to the whole. The charm of local beauty is revealed from the whole, while local beauty remains relatively independent in the whole beauty.
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