The origin, migration distribution, county celebrities, and clan characteristics of the surname Li
1. Origin of the surname
The surname Li (Lǐ) has six origins:
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1. According to relevant materials such as "Book of Tang: Genealogy List of Prime Ministers", "General Chronicles: Clan Briefing", "Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames" and other relevant materials, it comes from the surname "Ying". After Gaotao, he lived as Dali (the chief of prison officials in charge of criminal law) and took Guan as his surname. Laozi, the founder of Taoism in the Spring and Autumn Period, took Li "Li" as his surname because his ancestors were Li officials, and was called Li Er.
2. According to "Northern History", the Li family of Zhao County was the successor of Zhao general Wu Anjun, and Li Zuoche preceded him.
3. According to the "Book of Wei", the Northern Xianbei people in the Later Wei Dynasty had the compound surname "Chi Li", which was later changed to the single surname "Li" in Chinese characters.
4. The royal surname of the Tang Dynasty was "Li", and "Li" became the national surname. The founding generals of the early Tang Dynasty were Xu, Bing, An, Du, Hu, Hong, Guo, Ma, Xianyu, Zhang, Bu, Adiao, Shili, Dong, Luo and Zhu Xie. Sixteen surnames (five of them were (Compound surname) was given the national surname "Li". In addition, many families changed their name to the Li family, and the number of Li family members increased greatly.
5. Change of surname from another clan. During the Three Kingdoms period, after Zhuge Liang pacified the barbarians, he gave the local ethnic minorities surnames such as Zhao, Zhang, Yang, and Li. The Xianbei family had the compound surname Chi Li. After Chineseization, it was changed to the single surname Li in Chinese characters. It is the Li family of Luoyang.
6. Original surnames among ethnic minorities. A common surname among the Koreans in Yanbian is Li.
The ancestor who got the surname: Li Lizhen. Gaotao, a descendant of Zhuanxu, served as the judge in charge of prisons during the reign of Yao and Shun. Gaotao was very accurate in judging cases and never made any mistakes. He was very famous at that time. His descendants inherited the position of "Dali" and took the official surname as "Li family". At the end of the Shang Dynasty, the descendant of Gaotao, Zheng Zheng, offended King Zhou because of his fair handling of the case, and was executed by the tyrant for no reason. His wife fled with her son Li Zhen, and she survived by eating muzi (muzi is the fruit of the plum tree) along the way. In order not to forget this difficult history and remember the life-saving grace of "Muzi", Li Zhen's mother decided to change the surname "Li" to the "Li" surname composed of "Muzi". Li Lizhen thus became the ancestor of the surname Li.
2. Migration and Distribution
The Li family has been living in eastern Henan for two hundred years from the late Shang Dynasty to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the Western Han Dynasty, one branch of the Li family moved to what is now Shandong. Starting from about the Eastern Han Dynasty, people of the Li clan migrated to the southwest one after another and were distributed in Sichuan and Yunnan. Some of them merged into the Bai, Miao, Zhuang, Yi, Manchu, Hui, Tujia, Naxi and other ethnic groups. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Li family was already a common surname in the country. Cui, Lu, Li, and Zheng in the Central Plains were collectively known as the four most famous families. However, before the Tang Dynasty, they mainly developed in the north. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's feudal society. As the national surname, the Li family was the most prestigious. There were three main migrations of the Li family to the south in the Tang Dynasty: the first time was in the early Tang Dynasty, when some of the Li family moved south. Among them, some of the Li family from Henan entered Fujian with Chen Zheng and Chen Yuanguang and their sons during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty to open up Zhangzhou in Fujian. During the second "Anshi Rebellion", many descendants of the Li family moved to the south. The third time was during the Five Dynasties. Due to unrest, some of the Li family moved to Fujian, Putian, Jinjiang and other places to settle. Starting from the late Ming Dynasty, people from Fujian and Guangdong Li families immigrated to Taiwan one after another. The Li family's migration overseas began in the early Ming Dynasty. Those who went to Ryukyu Kingdom were all Fujianese. Many of the generals sent by Ryukyu Kingdom to the Ming and Qing Dynasties were surnamed Li, and they were all Chinese who immigrated to Ryukyu from Fujian. In Chinese history, there have been more than 60 people with the surname Li who have proclaimed themselves emperors and kings, and have successively established regimes such as Dacheng, Xiliang, Liang, Wu, Wei, Tang, Chu, Later Tang, Southern Tang, Dashu, Xixia and Dashun. The proportion of people with the surname Li in the northern provinces is relatively high, accounting for more than 18%, while the proportion in the southern provinces is less than 8%. The surname Li is the most common surname in China today, with a population of more than 100 million, accounting for approximately 7.9% of the country's Han population.
3. Historical celebrities
Li Er: Laozi, a native of Chen in the late Spring and Autumn Period, an important philosopher. He advocated nature. He was famous for his "Tao Te Ching" in the Zhou Dynasty and proposed The idea that "man follows the earth, the earth follows heaven, heaven follows Tao, and Tao follows nature" is the founder of "Taoism", an important philosophical thought in China, and the first person with the surname Li found in historical records.
Li Si: A native of Shangcai, Henan Province. During the Warring States Period, he served as the prime minister of the Qin State and assisted Qin Shi Huang in unifying the six kingdoms and establishing the feudal empire.
Li Bing: A water conservancy expert during the Warring States Period. Appointed as the governor of Shu County by King Zhao of Qin, he controlled water according to law and built Dujiangyan, a well-known water conservancy project at home and abroad. He made great contributions to national agricultural production and water conservancy projects, and was regarded as the God of Sichuan by later generations.
Li Bai: His ancestral home is Qin'an, Gansu Province. He is a famous romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He has an extremely high status in the history of Chinese literature and is known as the "Immortal of Poetry". He created many works in his life, and more than 900 of them exist in existence. His representative works include "The Road to Shu is Difficult", "The Road is Difficult to Travel", "Thoughts on a Quiet Night", etc. Li Guang: A native of Longxi Chengji (now Qin'an, Gansu Province), he was a famous general in the Western Han Dynasty. He participated in more than 70 wars against the Xiongnu and was known for his bravery and skill in fighting. When he served as the governor of Youbeiping, the Huns did not dare to attack him for several years and called him "Flying General".
Li Chun: Craftsman of Sui Dynasty. The Zhaozhou Bridge he created is the famous ancient stone arch bridge in my country and occupies a glorious page in the history of bridge construction in China and the world.
Li Shimin: Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, his ancestral home is Chengji, Longxi. He is a relatively enlightened feudal emperor who is talented, knowledgeable, good at assigning people, and accepts advice with an open mind. During his reign, the government was politically clear, the criminal law was lenient, the society was stable, and the economy was prosperous. It was known as the "Government of Zhenguan" in history. He created a prosperous era of Zhenguan in which "he followed advice like a stream, did not pick up lost things when he was on the road, and never closed his house at night".
Li Qingzhao: a native of Jinan (now part of Shandong Province), a female poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The argument emphasizes the law of association, advocating elegance and emotion, and puts forward the saying "don't be the same family" in lyrics, and opposes writing lyrics in the same way as poetry. She created many poems, lyrics, and articles throughout her life. The original "Collection of Li Yian" has been lost, and later generations compiled it into "Ci of Shuyu".
Li Yuanhao: Dangxiang Qiang tribe, in 1031, inherited his father's throne and decided not to use the surname given by the Tang and Song Dynasties. He announced that the Xixia royal family would change their surname to "Weiming clan" and named himself "Wuzi", calling himself the Emperor of Xixia.
Li Shizhen: with the courtesy name Dongbi and the nickname Binhu, he was a native of Qizhou (now Qichun County, Hubei Province) in the Ming Dynasty. Born into a family of traditional Chinese medicine, he was an outstanding medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty. It took him thirty-seven years to compile the "Compendium of Materia Medica" and made great contributions to my country's medical industry.
Li Zicheng: A native of Mizhi, Shaanxi Province today, he was the leader of the peasant rebel army in the late Ming Dynasty and was known as "King Chuang". In 1643, he was proclaimed King Xinshun in Xiangyang. The following year, he established the Dashun regime and conquered Beijing. Killed in 1645.
Li Hongzhang: courtesy name Shaoquan, a native of Hefei, Anhui Province, and a politician in the Qing Dynasty. He was instrumental in pacifying the Nian bandits and the Taiping Rebellion, and served successively as governor of Zhili, Huguang, and Guangdong and Guangxi. He was especially good at diplomacy and had signed treaties with foreign countries on behalf of the Qing court many times. Later, he died of vomiting blood due to overwork. He was granted the title of First-class Marquis in Jin Dynasty and was given the posthumous title of Wenzhong.
Li Ruzhen: A native of Daxing, Zhili Province (now part of Beijing City). Novelist of Qing Dynasty. His representative works include the novel "Flowers in the Mirror".
Li Zongren: courtesy name Delin, a native of Guilin, Guangxi Province, leader of the Gui clan. In the late period of the Liberation War, he served as vice president and acting president of the Kuomintang government. He went to the United States at the end of 1949 and returned to Beijing in July 1965. Died of illness in 1969.
Li Dazhao: courtesy name Shouchang, a native of Laoting County, Hebei Province. He studied in Japan in his early years. After returning to China, he served as editor-in-chief of Beijing's "Morning Bell", editor of "New Youth", professor and director of the library of Peking University. He is one of the leaders of the New Culture Movement, the earliest Marxist in China, and one of the founders of the Communist Party of China.
Li Xiannian: Formerly known as Li Wei, he was from Huang'an (now Hong'an), Hubei Province. Born in 1909, he participated in the Huang'an and Macheng peasant uprisings and joined the Communist Party of China in 1927. Since then, he has been closely linked to the party's cause throughout his life and fought for it. In June 1983, he was elected to the People's Republic of China and the National People's Congress. President. He died of illness in Beijing in June 1992.
Li Siguang: Geologist. A native of Huanggang, Hubei Province. Mongolian. Joined the Tongmenghui in his early years. Participated in the Revolution of 1911. He graduated from the University of Birmingham in the UK in 1919 with a master's degree. Returned to China in 1920. He once served as a professor at Peking University and director of the Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica. Engaged in research and teaching of paleontology, glaciology and geomechanics. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he successively served as Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Director of the Institute of Paleontology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Minister of the Department of Geology, Member of the Department of Geosciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology, and Vice Chairman of the second to fourth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He is the author of "Chinese Geology", "Introduction to Geomechanics", "Seismic Geology", "Astronomy, Geology, Paleontology", etc.
4. Junwangtang No.
1. Junwang
Longxi County: A county was established during the Warring States Period. The founding ancestor of this branch of the Li family was Li Chong, the eldest son of Qin Situ Li Tan.
Zhao County: A county was established during the Han Dynasty, and its administrative location was Handan (southwest of Handan City, Hebei Province today). The founding ancestor of this branch of the Li family is Li Mu, the second son of Qin Taifu Li Ji.
Dunqiu County: A county was established during the Western Jin Dynasty, and its administrative location was Dunqiu (now southwest of Qingfeng, Henan Province).
This branch of the Longxi Li family of the Li family has its founding ancestor Li Guang, a famous general in the Western Han Dynasty, and Li Zhong, the 1st generation grandson.
Zhongshan County: Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty established the county, and its administrative seat was Lunu (now Dingzhou, Hebei Province). This branch of the Li family is a branch of the Li family in Zhaojun, and its founder is Li Qi, the third son of Li Ji.
Guanghan County: A county was established in the Han Dynasty, and its governance was located in Chengxiang (now east of Jintang, Sichuan Province). In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was moved to Luoxian County (now north of Guanghan, Sichuan Province). This branch of the Li family is after the Longxi Li family, and its founder is Li Shang (the father of Li Guang).
Bohai County: It was built as the main body from the Mohe Sumo tribe, and was first called Zhenguo (Zhenguo). Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty canonized Da Zuorong as the king of Bohai County and the governor of Huhan Prefecture, so he was named Bohai. The Bohai Sea spans both sides of the Ussuri River. In 926 AD, it was destroyed by the Khitan. Between today's Liaoning, Hebei, and Shandong provinces, along the coast of the Bohai Bay;
Xiangcheng County: During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Northern Wei Dynasty established Zhongli, Xiangcheng, Chenyang, and Shima counties in the county, which belonged to the South respectively. Xiangzhou, West Huai'an County and Xiangcheng County, today's Chengguan Town was the then Xiangcheng County government, and later it was the state government and county government. The administrative seat was Xiangcheng (now Xiangcheng County, Henan Province).
Jiangxia County: Zhi'an Road, Jiangxia County, Han Dynasty (now Yunmeng, Hubei Province), governs one part of each part of present-day Henan and Hubei. In the Three Kingdoms, Wei and Wu each established Jiangxia County. Wujiang Xia governed Wuchang (today's Echeng), and Wei Jiangxia governed Shangchang (today's southwest Yunmeng). After the Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu, the old land was restored and renamed Wuchang County. During the Song Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties, the government was moved to Xiakou (today's Wuchang), and its jurisdiction was reduced to present-day Wuhan and its surrounding areas. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Jiangxia County was Ezhou.
Zitong County: At the end of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bei divided Guanghan County and established Zitong County to govern Zitong (now part of Sichuan Province). Sui waste. In the Tang Dynasty, there was Zitong County in Zizhou, which was mentioned in the previous article. The old Zitong County was renamed Brazil in the Western Wei Dynasty, and became the county of Mianzhou Brazil (first named Jinshan) in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Fanyang County: Fanyang County, Ben Zhuo County, Youzhou, Tang Dynasty, was reorganized in the first year of Tianbao (742). Governed Ji County (today's southwest of Beijing). It is also the name of Fang Town. It was originally the governor of Youzhou. In the first year of Tianbao, it was also changed to Fan Yang. In the first year of Baoying (762), he was changed to Youzhou Jiedushi and Lulong Jiedushi. Youzhou originally had Fanyang County (formerly Zhuo County, changed in the Tang Dynasty). In the fourth year of the Dali calendar (769), it was separated from Youzhou together with Gu'an and other counties, and Zhuozhou was established, with Fanyang County as its administrative seat.
Liang State: The Han Dynasty established the Liang State and governed Suiyang (now south of Shangqiu, Henan Province). In the Southern Song Dynasty, it was Liang County and governed Xiayi (now Dangshan, Anhui Province). In the Sui Dynasty, Songzhou was called Liang County, and in the Tang Dynasty, it was called Suiyang County.
Nanyang County: Qin took Wan as its administrative seat and established Nanyang County. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Nanyang County of Dengzhou improved Rang County (today's Deng County) as its administrative seat. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, Nanyang Prefecture governed Nanyang, namely Hanwan County (now Nanyang City, Henan Province).
2. Hall name
Longxi Hall: It was named because Li family looked out of Longxi County.
In addition, the main hall names of the surname Li include: "Zhaojun Hall", "Pingji Hall", etc.
5. Clan Characteristics
The surname Li has had a prominent political position in the past dynasties. According to relevant historical statistics, there are more than 60 people in the Li clan who are called emperors, which is unmatched by other clans. The rows of characters named Li in each branch are arranged in an orderly manner. The language and behavior of a faction with the surname Li in Jianchang, Jiangxi: "Run Debaobi, Cenlin Songrong, Yiqianchaoji, Qianduankefu, the text of the pavilion, such as Ji Shichun, Shaoshu, recently, opened up to the big light, obviously loyal, "Heirloom of great Confucianism"; Li's sect in Gaoyi, Hebei Province has the following words and deeds: "The prosperity comes from the Jin Dynasty, the beauty is high, the generations will be prosperous, and the glory will last forever." Data source: Zhonghua Wanjia Surname——/x004/2008files/20090408171749472.html