The book was first recorded in the History of Song Dynasty. According to the Preface written by Xiao in the second year of Qing Dynasty (AD 935) in the late Tang Dynasty, the suicide note of Chu was an inscription discovered during the Huang Chao Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. The book is divided into ten chapters, namely, shape-seeking, vitality, pulse-feeling, moistening, division, essence and blood, disease-removing, micro-observation, book-distinguishing and questioning, with a total of 2620 words. Rich in content and profound in insight. The Summary of Siku Quanshu commented: "His books are quite innovative in the principles of Lingshu and Suwen", and in many aspects, they are "unprecedented" and "eternal turtle mirrors". Chu's suicide note first discusses the time, place and route of Yin's departure. For example, the article "Benqi" said: "The qi of heaven and earth is a week; People are angry for a week. " At different times of the day, the popularity of yin and harmony is illustrated: "In children, the body starts from the left foot, follows the left thigh, left finger, left arm and left brain, passes through the right brain, stone shoulder, stone arm finger, support and foot, and then enters children;" Yin Qi passes through the right shoulder and right arm from the heart of the right hand, through the left shoulder, left arm, left rib, left foot, external kidney, right foot and right rib during the day, and then it enters the day. "There is a discussion in Lingshu Camp Health Club that the Qi of Camp Health is divided into 25 degrees of Yin and Yang in every day and night according to the degree of the solar cycle, but the time, location and route of the Qi of Yin and Yang have not been clearly defined, and it has not been recorded in medical books of past dynasties.
In the medical history of China, this book first put forward the theory of male and female embryo formation. The article "Jiexing" said: "Men and women are one, two emotions are in harmony, yin and blood come first, yang and essence come last, blood is wrapped in essence, and men are successful; Yang essence enters first, yin blood enters later, essence is wrapped in blood, and blood enters home, female. " Although this theory originated from the Book of Changes and was seen in medical books, it should be the first one. This paper also puts forward the theory that "non-male and non-female body" is formed by "yin and yang reaching", which is the earliest in the medical history of China and even the world. The Earliest Boundary Monument in China —— Langya Boundary Monument in Western Han Dynasty
This is the earliest stone tablet found in China so far, located in the north of Donglian Island, Lianyun District, Lianyungang City. * * * Two pieces, one at the northern foot of Wotou, Shanyang, the lighthouse, facing the sea, 8 meters away from the tidal surface. One is on the hillside rock mass of Suma Bay Beach.
Donghai County, Liu Bangjia of Emperor Gaozu. Yi, in Donghai County, the northernmost county near the sea. Qin hometown in Langya county. Cabinet, a county near the sea in Langya County, was incorporated into the province in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, and the boundary of the northern foot of Yangwotou was carved on a huge stone. Jieshi weathered and broke into two pieces, and the carved stone also split into two pieces with the natural cleavage of the rock. The stone carving is 1.9 m long and 1. 1 m wide, with 8 lines of vertical calligraphy, which means official seal. Due to the age and long-term erosion by seawater, most of the handwriting has been blurred, and there are still more than 30 words that can be recognized. According to literature research, the stone at this moment belongs to the southern boundary stone of Langya County in the Western Han Dynasty, involving Gui County and yi county in Donghai County of Langya County in the Han Dynasty, and the boundary between the east, west, south and north of Langya County.
Boundary pillar 1999 found in Suma Bay. The faceted stone is 2.15m wide and 0.85m high, with a line of 12. The 60 characters are carved as vertical characters, which have the meaning of official script. The content is "Donghai County is bounded by Langya County Pavilion, because Shan Zhinan belongs to the pavilion, and the north of the water belongs to the pavilion. Xizhi, the cabinet is divided into high-strange areas. The east carries hope. In April of the fourth year of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the messenger Xuzhou Mu Zhi built it. " "The First Founding of the People's Republic of China" is the title of Wang Mang's period. The first four years of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) were 12. Based on this, it is inferred that the stone was 1989 years ago and is a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit.
The earliest astronomical map of stone carvings with the largest number of stars is the earliest astronomical map of stone carvings in China and even the world.
The astronomical map of Suzhou stone carvings is about 2.45 meters high and about 1. 17 meters wide, and the star map itself is 85 centimeters in diameter. The map is divided into two parts, the upper part is a star map, and the lower part is engraved with explanatory text, which complement each other. It was painted by Huang Shang in the first year of South Song Guangzong (A.D. 1 1085) and carved by Wang Zhiyuan in the seventh year of Chunyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1247) according to the observation results in Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The astronomical map of Suzhou stone carvings depicts three concentric circles with the north celestial pole as the center. The outer circle in the figure is the visible limit of South Star, including stars within 55 degrees south of the equator; The middle circle is the celestial equator, with a diameter of 52.5 cm; The common never-setting star is bounded by a small circle (upper gauge) with a diameter of 19.9 cm; The ecliptic intersects the equator at an oblique angle of about 24 degrees. According to the inter-satellite distance (right ascension difference) of 28 nights, meridians with different widths are drawn from the celestial pole, and the longitude of 28 nights is marked at the end of each meridian. There are also two relatively close circles outside, which are engraved with the names of twelve times, twelve times and state divisions. The whole map has more than 1440 stars. In the picture, the milky way is clear, the river and the Han are bifurcated, and the description is detailed.
The astronomical map of Suzhou stone carvings is the wisdom crystallization of astronomers' understanding and recording of astrology in the Northern Song Dynasty, which reflects the development level of astronomy at that time to some extent. This map provides extremely valuable information for understanding the division of ancient star regions and demonstrating modern stars. In the middle and late Western Han Dynasty, China's earliest official stone carving book, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, implemented the policy of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone". In view of the fact that various systems in feudal society were incomplete, Confucian masters mainly expounded the profound meaning of Confucian classics and participated in national political construction. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the maturity of feudal politics, the study of Confucianism has become increasingly detailed and academic, and the study of China's ancient classics has become a common practice. China classical scholars pay attention to the exegesis and textual research of characters. With their in-depth study of ancient Chinese characters, it is possible to standardize the use of Chinese characters in China's classical books. In the 4th year of Emperor Xi of Han Ping (AD 175), Cai Yong and others wrote to request the revision of the Six Classics. With the approval of the emperor, Cai Yong and Zhang Xun chose seven classics: Zhouyi, Shangshu, Shijing, Book of Rites, Chunqiu, Biography of the Ram and The Analects of Confucius as the original and revised versions. At that time, seven kinds of ancient books were carved on stone tablets with official script, which became the first official stone carving in China as a standard version of ancient books.
After consulting and comparing Confucian classics, the participants chose the good and followed it, and determined the standard text of Confucian classics. Then the versatile Cai Yong pen dipped in cinnabar, with beautiful stereotyped writing-official script to write scriptures on the tablet; Finally, the craftsman carved it according to the words. The project lasted for nine years, from the fourth year of Xiping (A.D. 175) to the sixth year of Guanghe (A.D. 183), and 46 pieces of * * * stone were carved, each with about 200,000 words. This Book of Songs was carved in Xiping period, and there is only one official script font, so it is called Hanshujing, Xiping Book of Songs or Ziyi Book of Songs.
After Xiping Stone was completed, it stood outside the Imperial College in the south of Luoyang, the capital city at that time. These stone tablets are all rectangular, about 65,438+0 feet high and 4 feet wide. The roof of the monument is tiled, and there is a seat under the monument. Each plaque is carved on both sides, and the scriptures are carved from right to left. This unprecedented cultural project designated by the supreme ruler caused a great sensation at that time. "The Biography of Cai Yong in the Later Han Dynasty" contains: "When the monument is erected, those who observe it and those who imitate it will take more than a thousand cars every day and fill the streets." Its grand occasion can be seen.
In the first year of Chuping in Xian Di (A.D. 190), Dong Zhuo burned down Luoyang Palace Temple, and the stone scriptures began to be damaged. According to the Records of Sui Shu Classics, when Gaocheng transported the stone tablet from Luoyang to Yedu in the Northern Qi Dynasty, he fell into the water on the way, and less than half of it was transported to Yedu. During the reign of the Emperor of Sui Dynasty, it was transported from Ye to Chang 'an. However, due to the lack of attention of the Sui government, the construction department actually used stone tablets as the cornerstone of the pillars. When Wei Zhi went to save these cultural treasures during the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, there was not one in ten. After that, only scattered rubbings and gravel fragments were unearthed. Only some precious rubbings of residual stones can be seen in the museum.
The large-scale and magnificent Xiping Shijing is the crystallization of historical factors such as respecting Confucianism, the development of classical Chinese classics and the prevalence of inscriptions in the Eastern Han Dynasty. As the earliest Confucian classic stone carving in the history of China, it played an important role in edition collation and text standardization. It also opened the prelude to large-scale stone carving with many classic documents in history. Since then, Three-body Stone Classics, Tang Kaicheng Stone Classics and Shu Stone Classics have come out one after another. Not only that, its exquisite font and rigorous structure are also important materials for studying the history of calligraphy in Han Dynasty. The earliest stone carving comic book in China-Monument Map.
The author is Cao Zhang, a great stone carver in Ming Dynasty. He painstakingly studied the art of stone carving and was unique. He carved the life story of Confucius on 120 stone. The Map of Miracles is an artistic treasure because of its rigorous narrative story and rich carving blade.
The 52 official script characters in the earliest Cliff Stone Carvings in the Eastern Han Dynasty have clear handwriting, and the square of the font has a circle, which is bold and simple. The "He Dao Monument" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is more than 65,438+0,900 years ago, has a complete monument body and 52 official scripts with clear and vigorous characters. This is the earliest cliff stone carving in the Eastern Han Dynasty found in China, and its records are likely to change people's understanding of the route of the "Southern Silk Road".
Ge Jun Road Monument is protected from wind and rain by a rock cave with a convex top and a concave bottom, and has been well preserved so far. The "Helu Monument" is square with a side length of about 0.8 meters. The inscription records the story of He Jun, the magistrate of Shu County, who built an ancient plank road here in the second year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 57). The 52 official script characters in the inscription are clear, with circles in the square, bold and simple.
"He Lu Bei" is not only a precious document to study the construction of ancient plank roads, but also an extremely important physical research material to study the development and evolution history of Chinese characters. Moreover, the discovery of this cliff stone carving is likely to change people's understanding of the route of the "Southern Silk Road" and is of great significance to the study of traffic history in southwest China. The earliest open-air cliff stone Buddha statue
Located in Mengshan Kaihua Temple, Taiyuan City, it is the earliest open-air cliff carved Buddha statue in China with a long history, ranking first among the Buddha statues in China.
The main peak of Mengshan Giant Buddha is1325m above sea level, which is a Buddhist resort and summer resort in Jinyang. In 55 1 year, Dayan, behind the Levin Temple in Wen Xuandi in the Northern Qi Dynasty, became a giant Buddha, which lasted for five generations and 24 years. Mengshan Buddha carved the mountain, sat firmly, meditated with both hands and sealed the letter. The Buddha's body is thick and fat, and the Buddha is outside the mountain, lofty and magnificent. According to historical records, the height of the giant Buddha is "200 feet" (about 63 meters), which is slightly lower than that of Leshan Giant Buddha in Sichuan, but earlier than Leshan Giant Buddha 162.