What is the vertical format of hard pen calligraphy?

Layout, also called "composition", is the arrangement of words. For example, the size, shape, arrangement position and placement angle of words, the reference relationship between up and down, left and right, and so on.

There are two main forms of hard pen calligraphy, one is vertical writing and the other is horizontal writing. Vertical writing inherits the tradition of brush calligraphy, just like the epitome of brush calligraphy. Although it is not true, it will be very interesting if it can be written well. Horizontal writing is a modern writing format, which comes from modern printing form. It has the characteristics of the times, is convenient and practical, and is the natural format of hard pen calligraphy.

The vertical writing format is as follows:

Other considerations:

First, the horizontal writing format

This is the most common form of hard pen calligraphy. Usually people take notes, draft manuscripts, write letters and do homework in horizontal format. Because the horizontal writing format comes from modern printing form, we should pay attention to arranging the composition with reference to modern printing form.

Second, the writing format of punctuation marks

The writing of punctuation marks has a certain position between the lines. Some people scribble, such as writing commas and periods at the beginning of a line, and writing front quotation marks and back quotation marks at the end and beginning of the upper and lower lines, which are all wrong.