Introduction to wine culture
China is an ancient civilization in the Li Zhuo world, and China is the hometown of wine. Book cover
In the long history of the Chinese nation for 5, years, wine and wine culture have always occupied an important position. Wine is a special food and belongs to the material, but it is also integrated into people's spiritual life. As a special cultural form, wine culture has its unique position in the traditional China culture, from which the wine administration system is also derived. In the history of civilization for thousands of years, wine has penetrated into almost every field of social life. First of all, China is a country that mainly focuses on agriculture, so all political and economic activities are based on agricultural development. Most of the wines in China are brewed from grain, and wine is closely attached to agriculture and becomes a part of agricultural economy. The prosperity of grain production is a barometer of the rise and fall of wine industry. According to the grain harvest, the rulers of various dynasties regulated the production of wine by issuing or opening the ban, thus ensuring the people's food. China is the kingdom of wine. Wine has a variety of shapes and colors; The variety and yield are the highest in the world. China is also a paradise for drinkers. There is no distinction between the north and the south, and there is no distinction between men, women and children. The wind of drinking has lasted for thousands of years. China is the most prosperous place of wine culture, and the significance of drinking is far more than physical consumption and pleasure. On many occasions, it is used as a cultural symbol, a cultural consumption, to express a kind of etiquette, an atmosphere, an interest and a state of mind; Since then, wine and poetry have forged an indissoluble bond. Not only that, many famous wines in China not only give people beautiful enjoyment, but also give people beautiful inspiration and inspiration; The development of each famous wine includes the exploration and struggle of workers from generation to generation, and their heroic dedication. Therefore, the spirit of famous wine is closely related to national pride and fearless spirit. This is the wine soul of the Chinese nation! It is equal to the "Dionysus" advertised by Europe. It seems that with famous wines, China catering can be sublimated into a food culture boasting about the world. Wine, as an objective substance in the world, is a changeable spirit, which is as hot as fire and as cold as ice; It is lingering like a dream, vicious like a demon, soft as brocade and sharp as a steel knife; It is omnipresent and powerful, and it is admirable. The ancient wine culture < P > should be killed and slaughtered; It can make people beyond broad-mindedness, brilliant and dissolute; It can make people forget the pain, sorrow and troubles of the world and soar in absolute freedom; It can also make people reckless, bravely sink to the bottom of the abyss, make people throw away their masks, reveal their true colors, and speak the truth. Wine, in the long history of human culture, is not only an objective material existence, but also a cultural symbol, that is, a symbol of Dionysian spirit. In China, the Dionysian spirit originated from Taoist philosophy. Zhuang Zhou advocated the unity of things and me, the unity of heaven and man, and the unity of life and death. Zhuang Zhou sang the song of absolute freedom and advocated "swimming by things", "swimming beyond the four seas" and "the land where there is nothing" Zhuangzi would rather be a free turtle wagging its head in a muddy pond than a bound swift horse. The essence of China's Dionysian spirit lies in the pursuit of absolute freedom, forgetting the benefits of life and death, honor and disgrace. There are striking similarities in world cultural phenomena. Dionysus, the god of grape planting and wine making, is the symbol of Dionysus in the west. In the ancient Greek tragedy, the Dionysus spirit in the west rose to a theoretical height, which was sublimated by the philosophy of the German philosopher Nietzsche. Nietzsche believed that Dionysus spirit was a symbol of emotional venting, a survival experience of abandoning the traditional bondage and returning to the original state, and human beings gained great pleasure in life in the desperate and painful cry of disappearing the unity of individuals and the world. In the kingdom of literature and art, Dionysian spirit is omnipresent, which has a great and far-reaching influence on literary artists and their masterpieces. Because freedom, art and beauty are trinity, art is due to freedom and beauty is due to art. The freedom of art due to drunkenness is an important way for artists in ancient China to get rid of bondage and gain artistic creativity. Liu Ling, a famous person in Wei and Jin Dynasties and the first "drunkard", said in Ode to Wine Virtue: "There is a gentleman, who takes heaven and earth as a day, ten thousand periods as a moment, the sun and the moon as a moment, and eight droughts as a court." "The curtain is on the ground, and the meaning is as it is." "I am drunk, but I suddenly wake up. I don't listen to the sound of thunder, and I don't see the shape of mountains. I don't feel the feelings of cutting muscles in cold and summer. Overlooking everything, disturbing it is like duckweed in Jianghan. " This "supreme human" realm is a typical embodiment of China's Dionysian spirit. "Li Bai has hundreds of poems about fighting wine. Chang 'an went to a restaurant to sleep, but the son of heaven didn't come aboard, claiming that he was a fairy in wine." (Du Fu's "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking") "When you are drunk, you are a guest, and poetry becomes a god." (Du Fu's "Poem by One's Own Action") "Pitching to one's own interests leads to a poem of wine." (Su Shi's Drinking with Tao Yuanming) "A cup of unfinished poetry has been completed, and poetry is shocking every day." (Yang Wanli's Biography of Going to Wanhuachuan Valley in February after the Ninth Festival). Zhang Yuannian, a political poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "After the rain, flowers fly to know the base, and drunkenness wins freedom." Examples of drunken poems handed down from generation to generation can be found everywhere in China's poetry history. Not only for poetry, but also in painting and artistic calligraphy unique to China culture, the spirit of Dionysus is more lively. Among the painters, Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy and painting can't be easily obtained, so the seekers treat them with dog meat and wine, and those who seek calligraphy and painting in Zheng Banqiao's drunkenness can get their wish. Zheng Banqiao also knew the tricks of the painter, but he couldn't resist the temptation of wine and dog meat, so he had to write a poem to laugh at himself: "Look at the moon, you might as well go all out, but you only hate the wine for coming late. Laugh at him for asking for a book generation and asking his husband to get drunk. " Wu Daozi, the painter of "Wu Dai Dangfeng", must be drunk before painting, and then start painting after being drunk. Huang Gongwang in "Yuan Sijia" is also "too drunk to paint". Wang Xizhi, a "book sage", wrote Preface to the Lanting Pavilion when he was drunk, saying that he was "charming and healthy, and there was nothing like a generation", but when he woke up, he "read dozens of books, but he couldn't reach it". Li Bai wrote about Huai Su, a drunken monk: "When my teacher was drunk, he slept in bed and swept thousands of sheets in a moment. Flying showers are shocking, and falling flowers and snow are boundless. " Huai Su was drunk and splashed ink, only to keep his "Self-Narrative Post" which was surprised by ghosts and gods. Zhang Xu, the sage of grass, "Every time he gets drunk, he calls for madness, but he writes", so he has his "Four Poems of Ancient Poetry".