1, variety selection
A good mouse should be healthy, painless and shiny. Breeding male rats require good development, weight 1.3kg or more, straight back, strong testicles, strong sexual desire, rough feeding tolerance and no fighting. The quantity and quality of semen in reproductive male rats are related to nutrition, but it is not suitable for overfeeding. Breeding female rats requires high birth rate, strong motherhood, large and uniform nipples, strong feeding ability, and the weight is above 1.2kg. 1 female bamboo rats breed more than 10 every year, and under good feeding conditions, they breed 60-80 offspring every year, which is much higher than the reproductive times of pigs, cattle and sheep.
2. Introduce a cycle.
The first year: introduction-growth-maturity-estrus mating-farrowing. During this period, mothers will eat and abandon their offspring; Because of temperament problems, there will also be males and females who do not mate, and those who are usually fierce will not change after repeated education; Male rats with poor sexual ability can also be eliminated.
The second year: enter the prosperous period-the second seed selection. Those who eat, abandon and have fewer children, and those who are in poor health are also eliminated; Those with poor reproductive ability also belong to this category.
The third, fourth and fifth years: after selection, excellent adult rats will have good economic benefits, but during this period, the reserve of reserve rats must be well prepared, otherwise the problem of "cooking failure" will appear in the farm two or three years later.
In the sixth year, the sexual ability of breeding mice began to decline, and these breeding mice were gradually eliminated as commercial mice, and breeding mice were reserved to ensure the number of high-yield breeding mice.
At the time of introduction, farms with "two certificates" (namely "Wild Animal Domestication and Breeding License" and "Wild Animal Management and Utilization License") shall provide the importer with the introduction certificate.
3. Feeding management
Bamboo rat is resistant to coarse food and has strong digestion ability for plant feed. Adult rats were fed twice a day, and each rat was fed with straw150-200g and concentrate15-20g. Adult rats' teeth grow rapidly, weighing 1.2- 1.5 kg. At this time, it is necessary to put a bamboo pole or hardwood bar in the cage for them to grind their teeth. Young rats need to be fed fresh, digestible and nutritious feed, such as carrots, sweet potatoes and bamboo shoots. At the same time, fish meal, bone meal, salt, vitamins and auxin are added to the diet.
Check whether the feces of bamboo rats are smooth and granular every day, much like medicinal capsules. Pay attention to whether its coat color is bright and its activities are lively. If an accident happens, it should be dealt with in time.
4. Preventive measures
Keep warm at low temperature and control the temperature difference (preferably within 6 degrees). Avoid cold air attacks and improve air quality. When the humidity is between 45% and 75%, respiratory diseases are easy to occur when it is lower than 35% and higher than 85%. Disinfect regularly, once every 30 days, usually for 3 consecutive days, and choose more than two disinfectants (less irritating) to avoid bacteria from developing drug resistance.
Avoid moldy feces in the pool, and there is black and smelly dirt on the bottom plate of the pool. Clean it up in time if found.
Keep the feed fresh, and roughage can't be fed before the rain dries. Feed regularly and quantitatively, and don't change the feed formula suddenly at will. The ratio of coarse material to fine material is 7: 3.
The immunity of bamboo rat is very important for disease prevention in winter. It is suggested to prevent and control intestinal parasites in autumn. Strengthen nutrition, regulate the stomach and promote the comprehensive absorption of nutrition. Strong physique and high immunity can ensure the safety in winter. According to the survey, wild animals eat a lot of food and store energy in autumn. A layer of fat forms under the skin to resist the cold.
Bamboo rats are timid and easily frightened. Reducing the fright during feeding is helpful to the growth of bamboo rats.
5, disease prevention and control methods
(1), trauma-caused by eating each other, being frightened, fighting for sex, or being caught in an iron cage during transportation. The main manifestations are reluctance to eat, salivation, mucosal flushing and inflammation, and in severe cases, listlessness and body temperature rise. For small wounds, apply iodine to prevent infection; For those who are seriously injured, wash the wound with anti-inflammatory water, spread anti-inflammatory powder after applying iodine, and raise them separately to prevent re-injury. When necessary, intramuscular injection of 65438+ 10,000 to 200,000 units of penicillin or streptomycin, twice a day, three days for 1 course of treatment.
(2), gastroenteritis-manifested as loss of appetite, listlessness, diarrhea, wet hair in the abdomen and tail. The disease is usually diagnosed by observing feces. During the treatment, oxytetracycline 1 tablet is mashed and mixed with corn flour or rice twice a day, and it can be cured in 2 ~3 days.
(3) Cold —— Due to the sudden change of weather, bamboo rats are exposed to wind, rain and cold, and the sick rats breathe faster, feel cold, clear their nose and eat little or nothing. The treatment can be given by intramuscular injection of compound aminopyrine, 0.5 ml each time, twice a day. Or intramuscular injection of metamizole sodium 0.2-0.5 ml 1 time/day.
(4), heatstroke-mainly caused by high temperature, manifested as restlessness, shortness of breath, unstable walking, drunkenness, etc. Treatment can catch the sick mouse, bury it in wet sand, expose its head, and prevent it from drinking a lot of water, otherwise it will be difficult for the mouse to eat even if the heatstroke is relieved. It takes about 15 minutes to wake up.
(5) Colibacillosis-mostly occurs in spring and summer. The sick mouse has a big belly and a sense of fluctuation in touch. Female rats are often mistaken for pregnant, and autopsy shows that there are a large number of colloidal (transparent colloidal) extracts in their abdomen. The treatment was neomycin and cephalosporin. Rats were injected with 0.5 ml each time, and young rats were halved.
(6), hind foot dragging-streptococcal infection. Symptoms: poor walking in the early stage, numbness, stiffness and mild swelling in the joints in the middle and late stage, and infection in the front legs. Treatment: intramuscular injection of penicillin 65438+ million+streptomycin 50,000 units. It can be cured twice a day for 5 days. Or inject streptomycin 65438+ ten thousand, and take 50% glucose+multivitamin orally at the same time. Twice a day for 3-5 days. This case is contagious, so it is necessary to isolate the case in time. The site was thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. The source of infection is chickens, ducks, pigs and their excreta, so try to stay away from the rat farm.
(7), ectoparasitic diseases-mainly due to dirty cages and mats. In the depth of the coat, about half a grain of brown active rat lice can be found, and flea killer or insecticide should be applied to the affected area.
(8), broken teeth-calcium deficiency teeth, teeth continue to grow, need adequate calcium supplement. Long-term calcium and phosphorus deficiency in feed will lead to calcium deficiency and tooth loss. Newcomers are easily overlooked. Feed multifunctional calcium can supplement calcium, and the addition amount is 1%.
(9) Abdominal distension-There are two kinds of non-pregnancy abdominal distension: ascites, which is characterized by water shaking, a feeling of waves when the stomach shakes, a soft stomach and a heavy feeling. The spirit, food intake and feces of the diseased mice were normal in the early and middle stages. The disease is not considered for treatment, and the treatment of liver and kidney diseases is meaningless. Flatulence, round belly, hard belly, drumming when shooting, light touch. More common in weaned rats. It is effective to take EM stock solution 1 ml, Huoxiang Zhengqi Water 1 ml, or vinegar garlic paste twice a day.
(10). Abandoning the offspring-short-term abandonment will occur due to the loss of water and a lot of physical exertion in the process of delivery. The mother mouse was depressed and exhausted, causing her cubs to be scattered in the pool. Treatment method:
A, giving 50% glucose 15 ml to female rats can make female rats recover their physical strength as soon as possible to take care of their offspring.
B, placenta tablets (human medicine) are mixed once a day for three consecutive days. It took some time for some female rats to abandon their offspring, mainly because of insufficient nutrition supply after delivery and insufficient milk. The mouse sucked its nipple so hard that it was red. Female rats feel pain and irritability, which leads to abandonment and biting. Therefore, the nutrition supply during lactation is very important. It is reasonable to increase the content of protein to 17%- 18%. With the moisture provided by sugarcane, the effect is better.
Second, the value and market of the bamboo rat:
Bamboo rat has high medicinal value. Modern medicine has proved that bamboo rat meat can promote the growth of human white blood cells and hair, enhance liver function and prevent arteriosclerosis, and has good anti-aging and puberty delaying effects. It is a natural beauty and fitness product. The gallbladder, liver, heart, brain, testis and kidney of bamboo rat can be used as medicine. Bamboo rat oil can treat burns, burns and other diseases.
Bamboo rat fur is delicate and soft, full of plush, smooth in color and good in board quality. This is a rawhide made of fur. Chinese bamboo rat has fine fur and thick primary cashmere, which is the first-class raw material for making fur coats, fur collars and hats. In particular, crust is a good raw material for making high-grade leather and shoes. Bamboo moustache is a high-grade raw material for making brush. Because bamboo rat integrates hair, meat, medicine and ornamental, it has been selling well in domestic and foreign markets, and its economic benefits are very remarkable. It is a high-grade commodity that earns foreign exchange through export.