Xuan paper is a traditional paper for painting and calligraphy in China, and it is one of the traditional paper-making processes of Han nationality. Xuan paper "began in the Tang Dynasty and was produced in Jingxian County". Since the Tang Dynasty, Jingxian County was under the jurisdiction of Xuanzhou Prefecture, and it was named Xuan Paper because of its land. It has a history of 1500 years. Because Xuan paper has the characteristics of easy storage, durability and colorfastness, it has the reputation of "paper lives for thousands of years". The raw materials of rice paper are green sandalwood, straw and other agricultural products. Xuan paper is divided into base paper and processed paper according to processing methods. According to the inking degree of paper, it is divided into raw publicity, semi-cooked publicity and cooked publicity. Cooked rice paper is a kind of processed rice paper that uses special reprocessing technology to form more varieties of colors, which are mainly divided into wax Xuan, alum Xuan, color Xuan, color alum Xuan and so on 100. The promotion of calligraphy and freehand brushwork, and the promotion of meticulous painting. According to the proportion of raw materials, it is divided into three categories: cotton material, cleansing skin and special cleansing skin. Specifications are four feet, five feet, six feet, seven feet gold list, eight feet screen, eight feet, two feet, six feet; According to the Silk Road, there are single silk road, double silk road, rib and turtle pattern. In 2002, Jingxian was identified as the origin of rice paper by the state. In 2006, the production technology of Xuan paper was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. Xing Chunrong was designated as the representative inheritor of national intangible cultural heritage projects. On September 30, 2009, the traditional production skills of Xuan paper were affirmed by UNESCO and included in the list of intangible cultural heritage of mankind.
Origin of rice paper:
According to folklore, after the death of Cai Lun, a paper-making master in the first year of Jianguang in the Eastern Han Dynasty (12 1), Kong Dan, a disciple of the Eastern Han Dynasty, took papermaking as his profession in southern Anhui, hoping to make the best paper in the world and compose music for the portrait of the master to show his memory. But it is hard to get what you want year after year. One day, Kong Dan happened to see an old rosewood tree lying by the stream. Due to years of sun and rain, the bark has rotted and turned white, revealing wisps of fine and clean fibers. Kong Dan used it to make paper, and after repeated experiments, he finally made a kind of paper with excellent texture, which became the famous Xuan paper. There is a kind of rice paper called "Four Feet Dan" to commemorate Kong Dan, which has been passed down to this day.
According to the preface of Xiao's Genealogy, which was rebuilt during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, "There were many disturbances in the chaos at the end of the Song Dynasty. Cao Shi [1] Cao, the eighth son of Zhonggong, moved from Qiuchuan to Jingxing and came to Xiaoling, where he was assigned thirteen houses. This is a mountainous area, and the fields are scarce, so it is impossible to cultivate. Because of Cai Lun's skill, he made a living. " Cao Dasan inherited the paper-making technology of predecessors, improved it step by step through practice, and finally made good white and pure paper. Because the distribution center of paper is mostly in Xuancheng, which is under the jurisdiction of the state, it is named Xuan paper.
The fame of Xuan paper began in the Tang Dynasty. The Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties written by Zhang Yanyuan, a critic of calligraphy and painting in the Tang Dynasty, said, "A good man should buy hundreds of Xuan paper and wax it to copy it." This shows that Xuan paper has been used in calligraphy and painting in the Tang Dynasty.
According to Old Tang Book, in the second year of Tianbao (743), there were paper tributes in Jiangxi, Sichuan, southern Anhui and eastern Zhejiang, especially in Xuancheng County. It can be seen that rice paper had been crowned everywhere at that time. The "Chengxintang" paper produced by Li Yu, Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty, is a treasure in Xuan paper. Skin is like an egg membrane, clean as jade, thin and smooth, and crowned for a while.
The so-called "five-color ink", that is, one-time completion, distinct shades, visible textures, clear Mo Yun and distinct levels, is an artistic effect achieved by painters and painters by using the ink-moistening property of Xuan paper, controlling the proportion of ink and ink, and moving the pen freely. Plus anti-aging and no discoloration. Worms eat less and live longer, so they have the reputation of "the king of paper, the paper with a thousand years of life". /kloc-won the gold medal in Panama International Paper Competition in the 20th century.
Besides painting poems, Xuan paper is also the best paper for writing diplomatic notes and preserving high-level archives and historical materials. China handed down a large number of rare ancient books and the ink of famous painters and calligraphers, most of which are preserved on Xuan paper, and still remain the same today.
The birthplace of China Xuan paper: Jingxian County, Anhui Province.