His mother gave birth to Zhao Gao.
After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, he enriched the harem on a large scale, with as many as ten thousand concubines. The huge harem needs many service personnel, so castrated eunuchs are widely used in the court, and the eunuch system is gradually improved. At that time, in order to supplement the harem servants' team, some eunuchs of defeated countries were also included in the Qin court as "trophies" like beautiful women in the palace. Zhao Gao was brought into the Qin Dynasty as a eunuch after the demise of Zhao. Because of his strong body and rough understanding of the law, he quickly gained the trust of Qin Shihuang and was appointed as the head of the CRRC Order.
In the thirty-sixth year of Qin Shihuang (2 1 1 BC), a meteorite fell in Dong Jun with the words "the first emperor died and the land was divided". Soon, when the emissary of Qin Shihuang passed Huayin at night from Kanto, suddenly someone stopped the emissary with a piece of jade and said, "Qin Shihuang will die this year!" " "Then put down the jade and cut away. Qin Shihuang was deeply disturbed by the Mian accident. He hurriedly ordered divination, saying that only by going out for a cruise can evil be turned into good. Qin Shihuang listened to the warlock, and in the 37th year of Qin Shihuang (2 10 BC), accompanied by his second son Hu Hai and Prime Minister Reese, he went out for a cruise. Zhao Gao, as the official order of CRRC in charge of the emperor's ride, traveled with the driver. When traveling to Pingyuan Tianjin (now south of Pingyuan County, Shandong Province), Qin Shihuang suddenly became seriously ill. He felt that time was running out, so he urged Zhao Gao to send a letter to his eldest son Fu Su, put his troops under the command of General Montaigne, and then rushed to Xianyang to deal with the affairs and inherit the throne. Before the imperial edict was issued, the 50-year-old Qin Shihuang died of illness in Dunyutai (now northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province). Li Si, the prime minister, thought that rashly announcing the death of Qin Shihuang would probably lead to chaos in the country, decided not to send out a funeral in secret, and ordered the chariot to speed up its March to Xianyang.
The Secret Book "Don't Send a Mourner" has created a rare opportunity for Zhao Gao to carry out the adventure plan of stealing pillars. He knew that Fu Su, the eldest son of integrity, had always been dismissive of himself, while Meng Tian, the general who mastered the relieving, was closely related to Fu Su, and Meng Yi, the younger brother of Meng Tian, often showed his disgust in his manners. On the contrary, Hu Hai studied calligraphy and law after himself, and once Hu Hai succeeded to the throne, he would be reused. Zhao Gao reasoned and decided to take the risk of detaining the testamentary edict of Qin Shihuang, and then planned Hu Hai's succession in order to keep his political position. In order to achieve his goal, Zhao Gao first encouraged Reese, the powerful minister, to win his support. Then, together with Reese and Hu Hai, they forged the testamentary edict of the first emperor, made Hu Hai a prince, and viciously forged the testamentary edict that made Fu Su and Meng Huo commit suicide. Fu Su, a loyal minister, and Meng Tian, a hero of three generations, were forced to commit suicide after receiving the imperial edict, and somehow they became victims of Zhao Gao's "Dune Plot".
After the success, Zhao Gao returned to Xianyang as a winner, and then announced the death of Qin Shihuang to the world. Hu Hai declared him emperor and called him Qin Ershi. As the number one hero who supported Qin Ershi's coming to power, Zhao Gao was naturally favored by Hu Hai, and was appointed as the secretariat, occupying the position of minister and becoming a powerful figure in the DPRK. Zhao Gao and Hu Hai launched a ruthless killing in order to stop the suspicion and dissatisfaction of ministers and princes with fabricated imperial edicts. After Fu Su and Meng Huo, a large number of heroes, such as Meng Qian, right-hand prime minister Feng Quji and general Feng Jie, were executed on trumped-up charges, and countless people were involved. At the same time, Zhao Gao and Qin Ershi spared the royal son and princess. Twelve sons "slaughtered Xianyang City" and "Ten princesses died in Du". My son will shout "I am not guilty" before being forced to commit suicide, and then draw his sword with tears with his three brothers. Since then, ministers have been punished for libel, and what's more, people who are ugly will also be punished. The whole country, everyone is in danger and the world is in a state of terror.
Every time Zhao Gao killed a minister, he placed his cronies to fill the vacancy, and soon many important positions were held by Zhao Gao's cronies. Fooled by Zhao Gao, Qin Ershi, who was originally content with pleasure, indulged in debauchery and idleness, which created favorable conditions for Zhao Gao to run amok and deceive his superiors and deludes his subordinates. At this time, the government ruled corruption, and the people's taxes and corvees were quite heavy. In addition, the construction of Epang Palace and other huge projects impoverished the people, and the Chen Sheng and Guangwu Uprising broke out. But Qin Ershi, blinded by Zhao Gao, knew nothing about the precarious situation and continued to lead a dissolute and decadent life.
Qin Ershi is dissolute and ignorant, but the powerful prime minister Reese is still sober. Li Si made a lot of contributions in the process of Qin Shihuang unifying the six countries and establishing feudal centralization, so he was highly valued by Qin Shihuang. Reese is also a participant in the Dune Project, and Qin Ershi likes him very much. After the uprising of Chen Sheng and Guangwu broke out, Li Si wrote to protest many times out of loyalty to the rule of Qin Dynasty, but all ended in vain. On the one hand, Zhao Gao is worried that Qin Ershi will pursue its own responsibility after learning about North Korea; On the other hand, he regarded Reese as the only obstacle to his specialization in state affairs, so he took aim at him. Zhao Gao knew Qin Ershi's character like the back of his hand. He designed a wonderful trap to frame Reese. He first told Reese that thieves were rampant now and I wanted to remonstrate with the emperor, but because the emperor lived in the palace, I didn't have a chance to remonstrate. Reese also said that he wanted to find an opportunity to convince the emperor. Zhao Gao said that he was responsible for giving Reese a chance to remonstrate. So, Zhao Gao deliberately found some of the most annoying times to make jokes and let Reese remonstrate, so repeatedly, II began to have bad blood with Reese. When Zhao Gao saw the opportunity, he slandered Reese because he failed to claim the title of king. He slandered Reese's son and Chen Sheng and other insurgents. Qin Ershi was partial to hearing, and Zhao Gao manipulated the process of torture of Reese, and finally got his wish, beheading Reese and his son in the execution ground, and everyone in the three families of Reese was killed because of the collective punishment.
After Zhao Gao killed Reese, the official worshipped the Prime Minister, and all major issues were decided by Zhao Gao. When the rebels left Xianyang less than 100 miles, Qin Ershi realized the seriousness of the situation. He served as commander-in-chief of Shaofu Zhang Han, and led 200,000 prisoners who served in Lishan to be forcibly incorporated into the army to suppress the rebels. These well-trained, disgruntled criminals suddenly collapsed, Zhang Han led the army to surrender, and the armed forces of the Qin Dynasty basically collapsed.
Facing the dangerous situation that the Qin Dynasty was about to collapse, Zhao Gao, who was in power, not only didn't think about saving, but wanted to take advantage of the situation to replace Qin Ershi and then experience the glory of the emperor. In order to test the attitude of ministers to his usurpation of the throne, he directed the famous ugly play "Pointing at a Deer as a Horse".
One day at a court meeting, Zhao Gao brought a deer to see II, saying it was a horse. I thought Zhao Gao was joking, so I asked the ministers. Ministers were awed by Zhao Gao's arrogance, some said horses, some said silence, and some said deer. Afterwards, Zhao Gao killed all the ministers who said deer. Since then, Zhao Gao's tricks of turning deer into horses and reversing black and white have emerged one after another.
The peasant uprising has seriously endangered the rule of the Qin Dynasty. Qin Ershi, a lazy politician, realized this and was dissatisfied with Zhao Gao, a long-term dictatorship. Zhao Gao was afraid that II would investigate his fault, so he decided to strike first, used the power inside and outside the palace, sent cronies to force Qin Ershi to commit suicide, and then manipulated the political situation, making Qin Ershi's son Gongziying the king of Qin.
Aware of Zhao Gao's sinister intentions, Qin, after careful planning, encouraged him to go to the sealed ancestral temple in Zhao Gao, and let his men who had already ambushed kill Zhao Gao with their swords, thus ending Zhao Gao's sinful life. Then Ziying surrendered to Liu Bang with a white horse decree, and the Qin Dynasty ended.
(2) Eunuchs in the Eastern Han Dynasty and "the disaster of the same party cutting differences"
The Eastern Han Dynasty is one of the most rampant periods of eunuchs in the history of China, and its characteristics are quite obvious, that is, eunuchs gradually strengthened their power in the struggle between the emperor and consorts, and then controlled state affairs. Eunuch autocracy in the Eastern Han Dynasty began when he ascended the throne at the age of ten. Since then, the emperors of the Eastern Han Dynasty have acceded to the throne at a young age, among which the youngest Shang emperor has just turned 100 days when he acceded to the throne, and Huan emperor is older when he acceded to the throne, but he is only fifteen years old. Whenever the little emperor came to power, because he was young and ignorant, state affairs were often in the hands of his mother, and her mother often relied on her consorts for power, which led to the situation that consorts were authoritarian. When the emperor grows up, he naturally wants to take power in person, which will inevitably form a conflict of interest with his consorts. In the struggle between the emperor and his consorts, the emperor entered the palace because he was young.
Alone, you can rely on eunuchs who get along with each other day and night, and once eunuchs help the emperor gain power, they will take credit for it, and then they will be authoritarian and good at politics. Eunuchs became more rampant in the Eastern Han Dynasty after Emperor Huan destroyed Liang Ji Group. From this to the demise of the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs were authoritarian and good at politics, excluded dissidents, and repeatedly created party struggles, which not only ruined the political affairs, but also deepened the political darkness.
Liang Ji was a famous concubine in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. His two sisters were both made queens, and Emperor Chong, Emperor Zhi and Emperor Huan were made emperors by Ji Liang. Liang Ji dominates state affairs and the world, and his arrogance is beyond words. Instead, the emperor became a puppet without power. After Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, as he grew older, he tried his best to get rid of his embarrassing situation and made an alliance with five eunuchs, including Tang Heng, Shan Chao and Huang Xu, and decided to get rid of Liang Ji. With the support of the emperor, Tang Heng, Shan Chao and other five people carefully planned and mobilized more than a thousand people to surround Liang Ji's residence in lightning speed. Liang Ji and his wife committed suicide for fear of committing crimes, and most of their family members and party guests were killed. Shan Chao, Tang Heng, Huang Xu, Juyuan, etc. In one day, they were awarded the title of Marquis, because they contributed to the killing of Liang Ji. The number of food cities ranged from 20,000 to13,000. At that time, they were called "five marquis", and they monopolized state affairs.
In the next few years, the "Five Marquis" were crony, and most of their relatives and clansmen were promoted, but they also rejected dissidents and did whatever they wanted by virtue of their power. For example, a nephew took a fancy to Li's woman. After being rejected, he led an official into the Li family, snatched the female opera and shot it. Yellow floating in the East China Sea was dealt with according to law, but was punished by Emperor Huan. The "five emperors" are becoming increasingly powerful and arrogant, thus posing a threat to imperial power. Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty took advantage of the crimes committed by his brother Ji, aggravated the punishment, and was demoted as a township official, so Shan Chao, Tang Heng and others were implicated and demoted one after another, and the Five Emperors came to an end.
After the Five Emperors fell from power, Hou Lan, Su Kang and Guan Yu became a new round of hot eunuchs. They, like the five emperors, control state affairs, exploit the people and practise cronyism. The eunuchs' relatives and their henchmen occupy all levels of official positions from the central government to the local government, and most students and local Confucian scholars are blocked in their career promotion, and their political affairs are getting darker and darker. At that time, people said: "Give a scholar, don't know books, take an examination of filial piety, and live apart from his father." The cold element is as pure as mud, and the highest soldier is as timid as a chicken. "
Faced with the situation of eunuch's autocratic power, headed by honest officials Mars and Chen Fan, a trend of "talking openly" was formed to discuss current affairs and evaluate figures, and a struggle was launched with eunuch groups. Mars was a captain in Li Si at that time. Zhang Shuo, the younger brother of eunuch Zhang Rang, was greedy and took pleasure in killing pregnant women. Mars arrested him and put him to death. The eunuchs were afraid of Mars's power, so they restricted their behavior a lot, and even dared not leave the palace when they were on vacation. However, this heartless eunuch naturally won't stop there, but has been looking for opportunities to get rid of Mars, a thorn in the side. In the ninth year of Yan Xi (AD 166), Zhangcheng Zongzi, a warlock from Henan, killed him, and Mars put him to death. Rizo used to read divination for Emperor Huan, which was closely related to eunuchs. Zhang Cheng's disciples colluded with eunuchs, falsely accused Mars of colluding with Imperial College and slandering the imperial court. Emperor Huan was furious and ordered the arrest of more than 200 people, including Mars, and offered a reward for catching Mars's henchmen all over the country. Eunuchs took the opportunity to publish personal grievances and arrest good citizens, and at that time people inside and outside the court were in panic. However, some "party member" came uninvited to support Mars and others. Qiu Chenfan was dismissed by the emperor because he wrote a letter complaining about Mars. Dou Wu, a surname of the city gate, Shangshu and others also wrote to intercede for Mars. Under pressure, Emperor Huan pardoned more than 200 people in A.D. 167, but he was imprisoned in the village for life and was not allowed to be an official. This is the first time in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
In the first year of Yongkang (AD 167), Dou Taihou and his father Dou Wu acceded to the throne after the death of Emperor Huan of Han Dynasty. At that time, Emperor Ling was only 13 years old, and Dou Taihou faced the imperial system with the support of General Dou Wu and Teacher Chen Fan. Dou Wu and Chen Fan hated eunuch autocracy, so they plotted to eradicate eunuchs. With the support of Dou Taihou, they killed Guan Yu and Su Kang, eunuchs who were authoritarian in North Korea. Dou Wu was going to get rid of the big eunuch Cao Jie and others, but because of the secret, the eunuchs knew. With a genial smile, Cao Jie and others quickly led people into the palace to hijack Emperor Han Ling and Dou Taihou, and sent troops to capture Dou Wu by false decree. Doo-woo quickly avoided the barracks. Eunuchs Cao Jie, Wang Fu and others gathered thousands of soldiers and horses to besiege Dou Wu, and finally killed Dou Wu, his relatives and friends and guests, and Dou Taihou was jailed. When Chen Fan learned that Cao Jie and other eunuchs had killed Dou Wu, regardless of old age and infirmity, he called more than 80 officials and students to rush into Cheng Mingmen with knives, and was met by Wang Fu, the eunuch who was chasing Dou Wu back to the palace. Chen Fan was killed because he was outnumbered.
After Dou Wu and Chen Fan were killed, eunuchs were promoted to official positions, which completely controlled the political affairs in the Eastern Han Dynasty. When Emperor Ling ascended the throne, he was young and ignorant and was in charge of eunuchs. As an adult, he indulged in pleasure and wealth, which the eunuchs liked very much. The chaos and corruption in state affairs can be imagined. Eunuch Houlan's mother and family committed many evils in her hometown of Shandong, and James Zhang, a famous scholar in Shandong, wrote a letter to impeach her. Houlan was furious and instigated rogue Zhu to falsely accuse 24 people of forming a party in the same county, plotting to rebel. The Spirit Emperor of unknown so sent a letter to hunt down James Zhang and others. James Zhang was taken in by many people on the way to escape, and then successfully left the fort. Eunuchs took this opportunity to seize James Zhang party member, and all those who helped James Zhang escape were included in the ranks of party member, and many people were implicated.
Mars survived the first party incident in James Zhang, endured the pain calmly without the advice of relatives and friends, died in prison after being arrested, and all his children and relatives were dismissed. In addition, 100 many officials and celebrities, such as Du Mi and Yu Fang, were wrongly killed, and as many as 600 people were exiled, imprisoned and killed. Later, eunuchs made waves to kill party member several times, and party member's prisons spread all over the country, which resulted in the second disaster of Party occlusion in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Since then, the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty under the control of eunuchs has become even darker. Courtiers wrote to accuse eunuchs of scheming, but the fatuous Emperor Han Ling didn't know what "evil" was. The spirit emperor was surrounded by twelve courtiers, including Zhang Rang and Zhong Zhao, who were called "Ten Regular Attendants". They took part in previewing and reading the official seal, leading the court affairs, but the Emperor Ling was willing to be subject to eunuchs and openly said, "It's my husband, it's my mother." The emperor and eunuchs exploited the people together, sold officials and titles, and became increasingly corrupt in political affairs, which eventually led to the Yellow Scarf Uprising in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.