Zhang Zhi of the Eastern Han Dynasty was one of those!
A poem by modern people vividly depicts the image of Zhang Zhi. It can be said that his appearance is the first of professional calligraphers. Wang Xizhi, Shu Sheng, civil servant of the Eastern Jin government, general of the right army. In the Tang Dynasty, Yan Zhenqing was a professional politician. He is a senior official. He can be an official and fight. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi was a great writer, an all-rounder in literature and art, an amateur in calligraphy, and a minister-level official.
Zhang Zhi, the only Zhang Zhi in the Eastern Han Dynasty, never entered the officialdom. He is a calligrapher by profession and has been immersed in calligraphy all his life. Zhang Zhi's cursive script influenced the development of China's calligraphy. Because of its unparalleled cursive script, it was called "the ancestor of cursive script" and "the sage of cursive script" by later generations.
Zhang Zhi's No.1 Scholar's Post (Zhi Ben Tie)
? Gossip here, Zhang Zhi is not an official but a calligrapher, so how did he make a living in the Eastern Han Dynasty? Start class? Publishing books and selling words? Neither! In fact, people are the second generation of officials, and they don't have a livelihood at all, and they don't have any money to specialize in calligraphy creation.
Zhang Zhi was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his date of birth and death is unknown. Boying was born in Jiuquan, Dunhuang (now Jiuquan City, Gansu Province). The name Zhang Zhi is very grounded. It is said that when his mother Wei gave birth to her daughter, she dreamed that there was a very large Ganoderma lucidum growing in her garden, so she named her daughter Zhang Ling. Then when he grew up, Grandpa Zhang Yan named his grandson Zhang Zhi, the word Boying, in order to complement the meaning of Ganoderma lucidum.
Zhang Zhi's father, Zhang Huan, was a famous scholar and scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, one of the "Sanming in Liangzhou" and a famous minister. He served as a captain of Anding, a satrap of Wuwei, a general of Liao Dynasty and a corps commander to protect Xiongnu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Invincible, both wise and brave, foreigners only listen to Zhang Huan's order and drop hundreds of thousands, which can be described as outstanding achievements in defending national security. During the reign of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, the official reached the rank of senior sinong. This officer is too powerful! In charge of taxes, money, salt, iron and the state's fiscal revenue and expenditure, he was listed as one of the nine ministers, equivalent to today's finance minister. Later, it was used by eunuch clique to crusade against General Dou Wu. It's too late to regret, I'm sorry Dou Wu and others. After that, he resigned and returned to China.
Posted as Zhang Zhi's February 8th post.
Because Zhang Zhi later moved to Hongnong (now Lingbao North, Henan Province), many books also called him Hongnong. Zhang Zhi was eager to learn when he was young, but when he was young, he was born in a noble family and did not become an official. Even if he doesn't go, the court will call him Zhang Youdao.
I have a good family background and this talent, but I have accomplished nothing, and I am ashamed of the world.
However, there were many celebrities who didn't want to be officials in ancient times, and there were many second-generation and second-generation celebrities. Cao Sheng was a Cecilia Cheung. Zhang Zhi has the talent to be a great calligrapher and a pioneer of cursive script. But in the final analysis, the important reason why he became a grass saint is his genius. And the influence of his family atmosphere on him. It is an earth-shaking and stormy experience, a fright and panic in the world, an inner peace, and an agitation of external events, which makes him churn in the impact. He turned this tumbling into an obsession with cursive writing.
Thus, Zhang Zhi completed a great proposition in the history of China's calligraphy. Xuanhe Pu Shu said in "Comments on Cursive Script": "Out of Zhang Boying, I lost my previous habits and became a modern grass." This great proposition is to create this kind of grass and create a brand-new calligraphy style, so that we can be called and bear the title of sage of grass.
Is it Zhang Zhi's Autumn Cool Good Post?
Now "cursive script" is a broad concept, including Cao Zhang, modern grass and weeds. From the end of the Han Dynasty to the middle Tang Dynasty, Dan Wei, Wei Guan, Suo Jing and Wei Heng, as well as Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, Zhang Xu and Huai Su, emerged in the cursive calligraphy world, all of whom studied under the first professional calligrapher in China's calligraphy history-Cao Sheng Zhangzhi.
Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher, respects two calligraphers the most: one is Zhong You of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, and the other is Zhang Zhi of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He said: "my book is compared with the clock. Zhang and the clock should be resistant to it, or should I say;" Cao Zhang is still a wild goose. However, Zhang is good at this, and the pool is full of ink. If I stay here, I may not be grateful. "
Wang Xizhi thinks he can compete with Zhong You or even surpass him, but he is worse than Zhang Zhi, which shows Zhang Zhi's kung fu attainments in calligraphy. It is said that the silk used by Zhang Zhi's family to make clothes and bedding is first used for writing and then dyed. Every day, after he finishes writing the book, he goes to the pond to wash the inkstone, because every day, the water in the whole pond turns black.
I'm going back to my post now, which was passed down as Zhang Zhi?
Zhang Huaiguan in the Tang Dynasty wrote in his Book Theory: "It is a natural principle for cursive script to establish norms and obtain the shape of objects. But its method is too old to cut off, so it is less. It is best to be the first to learn how to fish and hunt among them. "
It means that cursive script was created by Zhang Zhi, who appreciated the natural beauty of the world's images, turned them into thoughts and merged them into abstract lines. However, due to the evolution of ancient posture, it still has a simple meaning. What is important is that the hook and lock ring can rotate freely, retract freely, and have the charm and tolerance of cursive script, so that future generations can benefit from "fishing and hunting" So it is suitable to be listed as the first cursive script. Wang Xizhi, the sage of calligraphy, is the last in the cursive script ranking in Zhang Huaiguan.
Zhang Zhi's calligraphy has a great influence on later generations, and is praised as "the teacher of all ages" by the calligraphy circle. Master Jin Caoshu is Zhang Zhi's nephew. Good at writing grass, with Zhang Zhi's brushwork. At that time, he was called "the meat of Jing Bird". Huai Su, the master of wild grass, claimed that "cursive script won two (Zhang Zhi, Zhang Xu)"; Sun, a master of cursive script in the Tang Dynasty, also regarded Zhang Zhi's cursive script as a treasure and studied it all his life. He said, "Fu has been a good reader since ancient times, and Han Wei and Zhang Zhi are unique. Zhang Sheng, this is a combination of specialization and Excellence, so that it is unparalleled. "
"Today's Grass" can be said to be a major breakthrough and leap in the development of cursive art. Facing each other and breaking the meaning with a pen, it has opened up a new artistic realm in which the beauty of calligraphy is mainly represented by stippling and lines. We can't feast our eyes on Zhang Zhi's original Grass Today. According to historical records, his "Urgent Chapter" was written in one stroke, which is natural. It can be said that it has changed greatly. This should be said to be a typical "grass today" work. Zhang Chang, Zhang Zhi's younger brother, was called "Ya Sheng" at that time. Because of his extraordinary writing style, he was good at writing with Cao Zhang. At that time, world-famous calligraphers Jiang Xu, Liang Yi, Tian Yanhe and Shan Wei were all disciples of Zhang Zhi. These people are all influenced by him.