Xuejiagang ancient cultural site, namely Xuejiagang Neolithic cultural site, has a history of five or six thousand years. Located at the junction of Lihua Village and Shuigang Village in Hezhen Township, 7.5 kilometers south of Qianshan County. More than 1000 pieces of ancient cultural relics unearthed here can be visited and mourned, which is a rare ideal place to study the late Neolithic culture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
The site is located on the submerged river, 3-7 meters higher than the nearby farmland. It is an oval platform with a total area of about 60,000 square meters. In the excavated square pond of 1000 square meters, people can see five natural layers from the soil structure. The first layer is cultivated soil, the second layer is Tang and Song culture, the third layer is Yin and Shang culture, and the fourth and fifth layers are Neolithic culture. Judging from the relationship between the fourth floor and the fifth floor and the changes in the combination of funerary objects, the buried hill people in Neolithic age have left the wandering life of primitive people and gradually moved towards settlement, and created quite advanced living and production equipment.
It is surrounded by water on three sides and surrounded by mountains on one side, which is convenient for drinking, farming and breeding, and it is also convenient to go up the mountain to avoid disasters. This unique settlement was named "Xuejiagang Culture" by the Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Sciences, and was designated as a provincial key cultural relic protection unit by the Anhui provincial government. It provides valuable data for the study of human life and production activities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Neolithic China. In addition, a new ancient cultural site was discovered in Tianning Village (Qianshan County), Zhou Shu. Unearthed cultural relics prove that another clan settled in Qian Shan five or six thousand years ago.
Judging from the unearthed 1000 pieces of stone tools, pottery, jade and other cultural relics, most of their stone tools have been finely polished and their blades are very sharp. There is a stone, crystal clear, and people can be seen. Stone knives, in particular, have odd holes of one, three, five, seven and nine, which are rare in China. Stone tools include pots, bowls, jars and cups. Most of them were people's daily necessities at that time. Pottery is very particular, there are two kinds of clay and sand. The appearance is plain and polished, with a few strings, scratches, needles and piles. Belly pot, Kaede bowl, etc. There are various forms, and the production is very elaborate.
Among these pottery, there are dozens of balls. The small ones are hollow balls, which can rattle and whistle. The big ones have fourteen symmetrical round holes with seven balls inside, which can also rattle. These precious pottery tells people that the early buried hill people have mastered high pottery-making technology. Most of the unearthed jade articles are decorations. There are exquisite jade rings, jade tubes and jade Qiong. Among these colorful objects, the red flower and fruit pattern on the perforated stone knife is the most representative. It is a unique work of art of Xue Gang family with its rigorous composition, symmetrical lines and beautiful layout.
Many bronzes with the characteristics of Shang Dynasty, such as arrow sickle, were unearthed on the third floor, which provided very important information for studying the plastic arts of bronze culture in Anhui Province and the north bank of the Yangtze River. There are many cultural relics in the Tang and Song Dynasties, including bricks, tiles and pawns in the Tang Dynasty, bottles, bowls and ingots in the Song Dynasty and many other daily necessities, which shows that the buried hill at this time has a living standard and high production skills.
tianzhu mountain
Tianzhu Mountain, located in Gushu County (Qianshan County), is the source of Anhui Province, the first batch of national scenic spots in China, the national 5A tourist area (approved on May 5, 20 1 1), the National Forest Park, one of the top ten famous mountains in China, Nanyue (Gu Nanyue) and the earliest Wuyue in China.
Tianzhu Mountain is adjacent to the Yangtze River in the east, Dabie Mountain in the west and Huaihe River in the west. With an area of 82.46 square kilometers, Shan Qi is a national key scenic spot with beautiful water and numerous historical sites. Tianzhu Mountain is named after the majestic and steep main peak, such as "a pillar of the sky". In ancient times, it was Wanshan Mountain and Wangong Mountain, so Anhui was referred to as Anhui for short. According to Records of Historical Records of Zen Pass, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made a southern tour on 106, which was called "Nanyue". In 589 AD, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty explored southern Xinjiang and renamed Hengshan Mountain in Hunan as Nanyue Mountain. Tianzhu Mountain is still admired for its ancient Nanyue Mountain. Tianzhu scenery, both men and women, forty-five peaks have their own advantages. Located at the intersection of the south temperate zone and the north subtropical zone, it is rich in animal and plant species. Precious plants include fragrant fruit trees, yew and virgin flowers, especially patches of Euonymus japonicus and Rhododendron Jinyun, which form a unique mountain landscape with an altitude of 1000 meters. Precious animals include masked beaver, seven-stringed bird, four-tone cuckoo, giant salamander and so on. There are many cultural relics in Tianzhu Mountain.
Valley Temple (Sanzu Temple)
Sanzu Temple, a famous valley temple, also known as Gan Yuan Temple, is located on Fengxing Mountain at the mouth of 9 Axiomatic Valley in northwest Zhou Shu. Phoenix Mountain, known as Sanzu Mountain since the Tang and Song Dynasties, is the south gate of Tianzhu Mountain, a national key scenic spot with quiet environment and pleasant scenery. Sanzu Mountain stands out from the crowd, green and green. The hills on both sides of the mountain meander south, surrounded by Sanzu Temple, forming a natural valley in front of the mountain. The clear and sweet ravine springs gurgled out from the valley bottom on the west side of Sanzu Mountain, rolling the ball crisp, and flowing southward into the submerged river through the valley mouth. The wide diving river, like a white jade belt, stretches lightly from west to east and is tied in front of the mountain. The river is clear and sparkling, reflecting the shadow of the castle peak tower. The combination of water, light and mountains constitutes the unique features of Taniguchi, which has become an important scenic spot of Tianzhu Mountain.
When the Valley Temple was founded in Liang Wudi, it was initiated by the Buddhist monk Baozhi. According to legend, in Nanliang, Taoist Bai He and Shang Baozhi both wanted to build a Dojo here. Liang Wudi ordered them to use their magic weapons to learn about the land, so that the winners could live there. The Taoist white crane was released, the monk threw it out in all directions, and the crane flew in front. When it landed, it was stunned by the sound of flying everywhere. It stopped at another place-Zhangxi Li Zhuo, where Baozhi built the temple. In the second year of Datong (536), Xiao Yan named it Valley Temple, which was once inhabited by the second ancestor of Buddhism. Sanzu Temple in China is the ancestral temple of the third ancestor of Zen Buddhism, where the Zen master of the third ancestor of Zen Buddhism in China died, and his body was buried on the mountain behind the temple. Later generations also called Sanzu Temple. Jueji Tower in the temple is commonly known as Sanzu Tower. When Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was built, there were 100 relics of three ancestors hidden under the tower, which lasted for 7 years in Dali. It was named stunt. The pagoda is six feet high, with seven floors and eight sides. Its structure is exquisite, and the carved Buddha statues on the wall are lifelike. There are stone steps to climb in the north, which are hollow and spiral upward. Each floor has four opposite doors, two virtual and two real, and the virtual and the real are separated. Visitors to the tower are often fascinated by reality.
Since the temple was built 1500 years ago, the Taoist and Buddhist cultures here have been brilliant several times. In its heyday, there was a saying that "three thousand Taoist priests and eight hundred monks". At present, the "Valley Temple" inscribed by Zhao Puchu, a famous contemporary calligrapher, hangs on the temple door. There are more than 3,600 Buddhist and Taoist temples, which are now the key temples for China to open to the outside world.
Shiniu Gudong
Shi Niu Ancient Cave is located in the valley west of Xiasanzu Temple in Tianzhu Mountain. There are many strange stones in the valley, the streams are gurgling, the pines and cypresses are clustered, the purple peaks and white clouds are beautiful. There is a huge open-air cave in the abdomen of the valley. There is a boulder weighing about100t in front of the cave, which looks like a buffalo lying on the edge of a stream. There are two cliffs next to Shi Niu. Lush vegetation fills the gap between them, forming a cave door that is not a cave. It looks like Shi Niu belongs to the cave behind Shi Niu, so it is called "Shi Niu Ancient Cave". According to the records of buried hill county, there are two huge bull stones. One is upstream, and the boulder is like the bottom of Niufuxi. It was bathed in running water, leaving only its stomach outside. Water flows through its abdomen, walks on its ribs, and there are two natural hoofprint embedded near its back. Dozens of meters downstream, the big stone looks like the whole body of a cow, with clear lines on its head, back, abdomen and legs. It knelt alone by the stream, like a clear spring, looking up to enjoy the beautiful scenery of pine and bamboo and listening to the sound of bells and drums in Sanzu Temple.
According to legend, a long time ago, on Tanabata, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl met. The cowherd put the cow on Yinhe Rock, and they couldn't wait to meet the Weaver Girl on Tianzhu Mountain. Seeing the beautiful Tianzhu Mountain, where the land is vast and sparsely populated, it is very difficult for men, women and children to farm. When they are hardworking, they quietly go down to Tianzhu Mountain to help people farm. Because the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl are obsessed with the scenery of Tianzhu Mountain, they are unhappy for several days. When the Queen Mother knew this, she flew into a rage and sent heavenly soldiers to escort the Cowherd and the Weaver Maid back to heaven. However, Shen Niu was attached to the beautiful scenery of the world and didn't want to return to the sky, so he fled into the mountains and disappeared into the ancient cave of the Millennium, becoming Shi Niu. The magical, brave and stubborn Shi Niu has become an eternal story.
Throughout the ages, the lifelike Shi Niu has amazed tourists from all over the world and written many poems praising Shi Niu. Luo Zhuang, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, praised: "Natural beauty is in the world, and Penglai in Yuen Long is expensive." . Ding Zhu, a poet in Qing Dynasty, praised Shi Niu as a "first-class immortal" in his poem "Ancient Cave in Shi Niu": "The ancient cave is carefree and small, and Shi Niu has nothing to gain. Those who welcome purple gas can post it, and gold is not enough. My teeth are clean, I don't have the strength to wash in water, and my heart is at leisure. I just like to sleep with a pillow. Qian Qiu Valley is a true confidant, and faith is a fairy in the clouds. "
Shi Niu has experienced ups and downs for thousands of years. Sadly, however, during the Cultural Revolution, ignorant mountaineers regarded Shi Niu as a "ghostly" and blew up Shi Niu's head, leaving only a mutilated cow.
Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Li Bai, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Li Jianzhi, Liu Zheng, Zhang Tongzhi, etc. Everyone likes the landscape of the buried hill. In his poem, Li Bai expressed his wish to "wait for me to return to Dancheng and come back here". Su Dongpo, an assistant minister of Yong Ying in Zhou Shu (now Qianshan County), wanted to settle in Qianshan. In a letter to a friend, he wrote: "I have loved the customs of Zhou Shu all my life and hope to live in them in my lifetime." Huang Tingjian thinks he is a buried hill man. He especially likes the victory of the ancient cave nymphs in Shi Niu. He is a Taoist in the valley and often studies on his back, so that Li, the first painter in the Song Dynasty, drew a picture of sitting bull in the Yellow Valley for him and carved it on the cliff. He built a room in the valley to study and wrote more than a dozen famous poems to praise the landscape of the buried hill. In the preface of a poem entitled Buried Hill, he wrote affectionately: "Yu Jia Buried Hill is indeed a famous and blessed place." In order to commemorate him, later generations built the "Fu Weng Pavilion" in his reading room.
During Huang Tingjian's visit to the buried hill, "Shi Niu Ancient Cave" was his most unforgettable thing.
Huang Tingjian, who is in a fairyland, was deeply moved by the poem Cliff, and wrote many poems, such as Strange Stone in the Valley, Stone Cow Cave in the Valley, Stone on a Tree, Story of a Green Cow, etc. In his poem, he expressed his feelings at that time: "There are melancholy whispers in the official residence of heaven, and the peaks are not separated." The key is to open at six o'clock. I'm Jinhua shepherd. In my world, sheep sleep in weeds, and I'm still thinking. There are dewdrops in the stone basin, and Qingniu takes me to Gu Dao. "Huang Tingjian, intoxicated with the ancient cave of stone cattle, has been thinking about it for thousands of years, although it is on earth. The pain of life, the hardship of official career and the fatigue of the journey have all been put aside, and the ancient cave dwelling in Shi Niu is the only paradise that makes him happy. He often rides a green cow and swims around the valley like a fairy.
Peacock flies southeast back to its old place.
In this ancient and beautiful land of Zhou Shu, there have been many fascinating legends and touching stories for thousands of years. /kloc-More than 0/000 years ago, the story of China's earliest narrative poem Peacock Flying Southeast happened here.
Starting from Zhoushufu (now Meicheng, Qianshan County, Anhui Province), Jiaojiafan, the hometown of Jiao Zhongqing, is 4.5 kilometers southeast along the west bank of Meihe River. Jiao Zhongqing was a small official in Lujiang House during the Jian 'an period at the end of Han Dynasty. He married Liu Lanzhi, a smart and beautiful commoner, and the husband and wife loved each other deeply. The fierce Jiao Mu refused to let go, forced to abandon with various excuses, and Jiao and Liu were forced to separate. When they left, the two vowed to love each other for life and never marry again. Therefore, when his brother forced him to remarry, Lan Zhi drowned. When Jiao Zhongqing got the news, he hanged himself in a tree in the yard. Later, Jiao and Liu were buried together in Huashan Mountain, where pine and cypress trees and phoenix trees were planted. The branches of the tree cover each other and the leaves are connected. In the meantime, Yuanyang often flies down, looks up and cries bitterly, as if crying until the fifth watch. In today's Huashan Mountain on the east side of Xiaoligang Old Street, you can see the newly-built tomb of Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi, which people used to call Peacock Tomb.
Nowadays, Jiao Jiafan has long since disappeared from the sight of the little official, but from the stories told by some old people, from Peacock Terrace, Xiaoguanbu and some folk customs, we still strongly feel people's concern and nostalgia for Liu, and the names of Jiao and Liu have already melted into this mountain and river. Although Jiaojiafan has no descendants of Jiaojia, the place name of Jiaojiafan has been preserved to this day. Deacon Port is also named after Jiao Zhongqing who was a government deacon. Peacock terrace is a memorial building for Jiao and Liu. In today's Xia Jie, Siu Lai Port, you can see the Peacock Terrace site. According to historical records, this peacock platform was built in the late Tang Dynasty. Originally built as an earthen platform, it was destroyed in the Cultural Revolution. At the largest scale, there were dozens of houses, covering an area of 100 square meters. The platform has two floors, brick and wood structure. There are portraits of Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi on the side door of Taiwan Province. On holidays, famous actors from other places often come here to perform and sing some operas about the faithful love between Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi, such as "Looking Up at the Long Night and Singing". In the hometown customs of Jiao and Liu, people call the evil mother-in-law who tortures her daughter-in-law "Jiao Bajiao" and the suffering daughter-in-law "Bitter Lady".
Peacocks fly southeast and wander for five miles. This ancient love tragedy has touched countless readers for thousands of years, and this sad story has been adapted into various scripts such as Yue Opera, Qiang Opera and Huangmei Opera, which is deeply loved by people. Imagine how prosperous the buried hill was in those days. The county seat is the seat of Lujiang Prefecture and Anhui County, with convenient transportation and merchants. Today's buried hill, under the new situation of reform and development, is welcoming the arrival of the new century with a brand-new look. There are many tall buildings in this city, and the appearance of the city is changing with each passing day. The hometown of peacock flying southeast is rising in southwest Anhui. In the southeast square of this city, there stands a sculpture-peacock flying southeast. This beautifully sculpted sculpture adds luster to the ancient civilized county town, and at the same time, it tells the posterity the eternal swan song that shocked the world.
Peacock Flying Southeast is the swan song of ancient love, the first and greatest narrative poem in the history of China literature, and it is known as the "saint of long poems". Xiaoshigang in our county is where the story takes place. Xiaoguan Port in the ancient town was once named as Lijiao Port, Xiaoshi Port and Xiaoshi Port in history. The old records are named after Jiao Zhongqing, a small official in Lujiang County in Han Dynasty, and have an address since Han Dynasty. Xiaoligang is located in the middle of Anhui Province, 5 0 kilometers away from Anqing City and 8 kilometers away from Tianzhu Mountain Scenic Area, facing Qianshan County across the river. In the old society, it was divided into upper street, middle street and lower street. Today, the third street is called Old Street, and the new area is called New Street. In ancient times, Biddle Port was a water port and an official post station. There are more than 500 businesses, warehouses, shops, restaurants, hotels, casinos, bathhouses and workshops, which are full of traffic during the day and brightly lit at night, making people buzzing all year round. The most famous bamboo tube is bamboo, which goes up to Sanjiang and down to Suzhou and Hangzhou. Businessmen gather to bring goods from other cities to Zhuxiaogang and sell bamboo, a specialty of small cities, to all parts of the country, with a daily turnover peak of tens of thousands.
There are a lot of relics of peacocks flying southeast in Xiaoli Port, and there is a village called Liu Jiashan in Dongli Huali, which is the maiden of Liu Lanzhi, the heroine of Peacocks Flying Southeast. There is an ancient well named "Bitter Well" in Liu Jiashan. According to legend, when Liu Lanzhi was a girl, she pumped water from this well, which was clear and sweet. After Lan Zhi's death, the well water became bitter and undrinkable, so it was called a bitter well, which was later filled by people. To the west of the ancient town, Jiaojiaban is separated by a river. There is a village called Jiaojiayuan in Jiaojiaban, which is Jiao Zhongqing's hometown. In the Han Dynasty, Xiaoligang and Jiaojiayuan in Liu Jiashan belonged to Lujiang County. Today, Xiaoligang and Liu Jiashan belong to Huaining County, and Jiaojiayuan belongs to Qianshan County. There is a hill called Huashan in the east of the town of Xiaoligang. "The two families want to be buried together, next to Huashan Mountain". In ancient times, "flowers" and "Hua" were universal, and Huashan was Huashan. Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi were buried in Huashan Mountain. Jiao and Liu were buried together, and the locals called it "Peacock Grave". In the early 1930s, there was a tombstone carved with ancient blue bricks in front of the tomb. Every year in Tomb-Sweeping Day and the twelfth lunar month, a large number of people come here to burn incense and sacrifice. In 1980s, the Huaining County People's Government renovated the tomb, and took marble as the tombstone, engraved with the words "Han Liu Lanzhi's Tomb". Not far from the peacock grave, there is a "bird-watching pier", on which a "bird-watching pavilion" was originally built. According to legend, after Liu Lanzhi's death, the local people built docks and pavilions. On holidays, they take care of the young and old, climb the pier and climb the pavilion, expecting the peacock to return. In the east of the ancient town, there is a temple called Xianggong Temple, which was built to commemorate Jiao Xianggong in Jiao Zhongqing. There is a bridge named "Lan Zhi Bridge", which was built in memory of Liu Lanzhi. There is also a famous ancient building in Xiaoligang-Peacock Terrace, which is also called "Three Elves in the Yangtze River Basin" with Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing and Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan. "If you go to Anqing, you must climb the tower. If you go to a small city, you must go to the stage." Peacock terrace, also called Wannian terrace, is said to be the place where Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi make love. Later generations built a terrace to commemorate the young men and women who were faithful to love, hence the name. According to the inscription, this platform was built in the late Tang Dynasty, and it is a mound platform. The Yuan Dynasty built a bamboo shed on the mound and covered it with bamboo poles. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the abutment was made of stone strips, and the abutment was made of brick and wood structure. In the Qing Dynasty, it was renovated into a magnificent ancient stage. All walks of life will invite theatrical troupes to perform at Peacock Terrace on a specific date, with a time ranging from a few days to ten and a half months, which is also a unique cultural phenomenon in Xiaoligang. There is a group of ancient buildings around Peacock Terrace. On the right side of Peacock Terrace is Zhenfeng Pavilion, also known as Paper Pavilion and Paper Pavilion. It is a five-story brick pagoda, and the center of the pagoda is a place to burn paper. As the legacy of Xiao Ligang, any paper with words on it should not be thrown away at will. Some people in the street picked up the discarded paper and sent it to the paper kiosk for burning, which shows the people's respect and admiration for words at that time. Unfortunately, Peacock Terrace and its surrounding ancient buildings were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. A mile east of Xiaoligang is the famous Neolithic site "Wangjiashan Site". A famous "dried peony" is planted in Sanhuali, north of Xiaoligang. It has a long history and a huge disk. The most distinctive thing is that there are several different colors of flowers on a branch. Every year when peonies are in full bloom, thousands of tourists come to watch them.
The local government and people are working hard to restore the original appearance of peacocks flying southeast, and the tourism department has listed Xiaoligang as a tourist attraction in the tourist route from Anqing to Tianzhu Mountain. In the near future, Peacock flying southeast will become another beautiful tourist attraction in southwest Anhui with its unique cultural heritage.
Er Qiao's hometown, the southern beauty of the Three Kingdoms period.
Er Qiao, a native of Anhui County (now Anhui Buried Hill) in Lujiang. Father Qiao Guo and Lauder respect time. Da Qiao's national beauty, its ugly. In the fourth year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sun Ce got 3,000 horses from Yuan Shu and returned to Jiangdong to restore his ancestral business. With the support of his old friend Zhou Yu, he conquered Anhui in one fell swoop. In the eastern suburb of Anhui province, there is a village surrounded by streams-Qiao apartment, which was later called the old residence. Joe has two women, both very beautiful and smart, who are well known. I had to ask Gong Qiao to allow me to send a pair of sisters because I sent someone to apply for the job. So, there was Sun Zena, Da Qiao and Zhou Yu marrying Xiao Qiao.
As far as Er Qiao is concerned, a pair of sisters married two heroes in the world at the same time. One is Sun Lang, a hero in the south of the Yangtze River, and the other is Zhou Lang, who is charming and both civil and military. According to the traditional view, she is a perfect match and a happy marriage. As a famous beauty, Er Qiao in Jiangdong naturally became the object of literature and art. The earliest and most famous work is the famous sentence "Red Cliff" written by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty: "If the halberd is broken, the iron will not be sold, and the recognition of the previous dynasty will be washed away. Dongfeng does not follow Zhou Lang, and Tongquetai locks Er Qiao in spring. " There is an ancient well in the backyard of Gong Qiao's old house. The water is clear and deep. According to legend, Er Qiao sisters often dress up here, which can be described as "trimming eyebrows and writing bamboo flutes on spring hills and wearing rings". Every time they put on makeup, they throw the remaining fat and powder into the well. Over the years, the well water was washed by rouge, and the water smelled of rouge. Therefore, this well has the nickname of rouge well. There is a poem that says, "Gong Qiao and his two daughters are beautiful bells, and the autumn water blooms with hibiscus."