Because Zhuge Liang is known as Kongming, we also call Zhuge Liang Kongming.
Zhuge Liang introduced:
Zhuge Liang (October 8, 181 -234) was born in Yangdu (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), the prime minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period, an outstanding politician, strategist, diplomat, writer, calligrapher and inventor.
In his early years, he went to Jingzhou with his uncle Zhuge Xuan. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong. After Liu Bei visited the cottage, Zhuge Liang was invited, and Sun Lian resisted Cao, and Cao Jun was defeated in Battle of Red Cliffs. Formed the trend of the three kingdoms, and seized Jingzhou. In the 16th year of Jian 'an (211), Yizhou was captured. Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong.
in the first year of Zhangwu (221), Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister to preside over the state affairs. Liu Chan, the late ruler of Shu, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was named the marquis of Wuxiang, who led Yizhou as a shepherd. Diligent and cautious, big and small political affairs must be handled personally, and rewards and punishments are strict; Alliance with Dongwu to improve relations with all ethnic groups in southwest China; Carry out the policy of reclaiming farmland and strengthen combat readiness. Before and after six northern expeditions to the Central Plains, most of them used grain to do nothing.
eventually, due to overwork, he died in Wuzhangyuan (now in Qishan, Baoji, Shaanxi) in the 12th year of Jianxing, Shu, at the age of 54. Liu Chan made him a loyal marquis of Wu, and later generations often called Zhuge Liang by marquis of Wu. Because of its military ability, the Eastern Jin regime made him the King of Wuxing.
representative works of Zhuge Liang's prose include "A Teacher's List" and "A Book of Commandments". He once invented the wooden ox, the Kongming lantern and so on, and transformed the crossbow, called Zhuge Liancrossbow, which can hit all targets with one crossbow. Zhuge Liang, a representative of loyal ministers and wise men in China traditional culture, devoted himself to his life and died.
Extended information:
Zhuge Liang's main achievements:
1. Politics
As a prime minister, Zhuge Liang not only took the lead in building a clean government, but also regarded clean government as an important political and legal construction, which had a great impact on all aspects of politics, economy, military and culture in Shu and Han dynasties. The construction of clean government in Zhuge Liang's period was first manifested in the strict control of the scale of Miyagi and Huiling in Shu Han.
Zhuge Liang created a political atmosphere of being honest and dedicated to the public in the upper class of Shu and Han dynasties. Shu officials followed Zhuge Liang's example, being thrifty for officials and refraining from luxury, thus creating a whole era of clean government.
2. Making Laws
At the beginning of his arrival in Shu, Zhuge Liang worked with Fazheng, Liu Ba, Li Yan, Yi Ji and others to add or delete the old laws of Qin and Han Dynasties, and * * * worked out the Shu Code. In addition, he personally drafted dozens of various disciplines and laws, including the eight tasks, the seven precepts, the six fears and the five fears.
3. Economy
The actual effect and continuous improvement and utilization of ancient irrigation and water conservancy facilities in Hanzhong Basin are inseparable from Zhuge Liang's great achievements in opening up farmland, building water conservancy and developing production when he advised agriculture in Hanzhong. ?
4. Military
As a strategist, Zhuge Liang has also been highly recognized by military strategists in past dynasties. After Zhuge Liang's death, Sima Yi saw Zhuge Liang's camp and praised him as "a genius in the world". Emperor Taizong and Li Jing repeatedly mentioned Zhuge Liang's method of running the army and the eight-array map in the Question of Emperor Taizong and Li Weiguo, and gave a very high evaluation, and showed that Chen Shou's evaluation of Zhuge Liang in the History of the Three Kingdoms was that "the historian knows the soldiers, but he can't keep track of the facts."
In the Tang Dynasty, Zhuge Liang was also selected as one of the ten philosophers in the Wu Temple, enjoying the same status as Zhang Liang, Han Xin and Bai Qi. Zhuge Liang also wrote many military writings, such as "The South Expedition", "The Northern Expedition" and "The North Exit", which made certain contributions to the military circles in China. Zhuge Liang also showed dexterity in technological inventions, such as improving the crossbow. Zhuge Liang also deduced the art of war and made an eight-array map, which was still highly respected by Li Jing, a general in the Tang Dynasty.
5. Literature
Zhuge Liang has such works as Cao Lu Dui, admonishing my nephew, Jiang Yuan (also known as Xin Shu) and Sixteen Cheap Strategies. Zhuge Liang's works were compiled into Zhuge Liang Ji, also known as Zhuge Shi Ji.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhuge Liang (Prime Minister of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms Period)