First question
Regular script: First, uniformity. The overall sense of regular script, first of all, is neat. The arrangement of words and lines is equidistant, giving people a steady and solemn visual effect. This form is most suitable for regular script in a strict sense. If the shapes with different knot widths and lengths change locally, there will be no disharmony or monotony in regular script that is uniform but not stiff.
Second, diversity and unity. The biggest feature of Zhao Ti's regular script is that it contains elements of running script, and its brushwork is changeable, taking characters as shapes, without deliberate arrangement, and it has a very harmonious and unified relationship in diversity and changeability. It gives people the feeling that there is movement in silence and affection in words. A calligraphy work is first infected with its overall effect, which is composed of countless parts. Therefore, when arranging the composition, we should not ignore the details of each word, such as the shape, length, change, and sense of rhythm, which require careful consideration and strict design. Only after a long period of unremitting tempering can we handle the composition freely, presenting a design beauty that seems to have no design, and reaching a higher realm of calligraphy art.
Running script: (1) omit stippling; (2) Smooth strokes (increasing tick marks and changing the writing order); (3) flexible pen; (4) the posture is changeable.
The first kind of seal script is rectangular, with one and a half words as the degree, one word as the body and half words as the vertical foot, with a ratio of roughly three to two.
Second, tighten up and loosen up. Most of the characters in Biography are dominated by the upper part and the lower part is telescopic foot. Of course, there are also characters with no feet below. The main strokes are in the lower part and the upper part can be raised.
Third, the strokes are horizontal and vertical, the thickness is even, all horizontal and vertical paintings are equidistant and parallel, and all strokes in the garden are round and square, making the circle lively and interesting.
Fourth, balance and symmetry, balanced spatial division and left-right symmetry are important features that distinguish seal script from other characters. There are individual symmetry, local symmetry of characters, and oblique symmetry of round strokes.
Characteristics of Pear Tree 2008- 1 1-29 20:47
Official script has high artistic and practical functions, and it is easy to learn, so it is widely loved by hard-pen calligraphy lovers. In recent years, the author has made great efforts in hard-pen official script, and today I am not superficial. I will elaborate some experiences accumulated in the process of creating temporary posts as follows, so as to make progress together with you.
First, the characteristics of brushwork
In the mature period, the strokes of Lishu are different according to setbacks and severity. Compared with writing brush official script, the use of hard pen official script can be simplified a lot. If you don't have to deliberately pursue hiding the front with a pen, you don't need to return to the front, which is divided into the following details.
Stippling: There are many kinds of points in official script, such as vertical point, horizontal point, vertical point, horizontal point, skimming point, picking point and pressing point. When writing, it is better to put pen to paper than to collect it.
Horizontal painting: Horizontal painting in official script generally includes horizontal painting and horizontal painting. When you brush horizontally, you can adjust the nib to cut in from multiple angles. Horizontal painting is generally shorter and straighter, and the pen is lighter. When you brush horizontally for a long time, you should gradually exert force and then lift it. When the same word is drawn horizontally, you can make some pitch changes.
Vertical painting: Compared with vertical painting in regular script, vertical painting in official script is generally not sharp, but the layout of the work needs to be slightly changed backwards according to the font.
Skimming: Skimming of official script can be divided into straight skimming, bending skimming and back skimming. If the pen is a little heavy, you should change the angle, then go down to the left, press it gradually at the pen collection place, and finally collect the pen in front or in front. The specific length depends on the words.
Drawing: There are two kinds of drawing: oblique drawing and flat drawing. The writing method of painting is similar to that of long horizontal painting, but the stroke angle is different.
Folding painting: there are many kinds of folding, so I won't list them here. According to its shape and pen, it can be divided into square folding and round folding. Sometimes, the square fold can be in the form of a broken pen.
Hook painting: There are many kinds of hooks in official script, but most of them are similar. The basic hook in regular script is often omitted in official script, and the right hook is often replaced by the pen of wave.
Second, the characteristics of the structure
Generally speaking, the structure of official script has the following characteristics:
1, the shape of the oblate body opens.
From most mature Han steles, it can be seen that the shape of official script is mostly flat, wavy and backward, forming a typical official script feature.
2. The horizontal and vertical strokes are symmetrical.
Compared with regular script, official script is more horizontal and vertical. Although the styles of Han steles are diverse, almost all of them have this feature, but the smoothness of their appearance and the symmetry of strokes are also relative, and people often deliberately handle them unsteadily.
3, tight inside and loose outside are naturally dense
Lishu often highlights the main strokes of characters, and the strokes of some characters in some Han inscriptions even become exaggerated, such as the horizontal painting of the word "God" in Shenque inscriptions; Vertical painting of the words "destiny" and "surge" in Ode to Shimen.
Third, the characteristics of the composition
Hard-pen official script can learn from the format of brush works. Of course, hard-pen calligraphy has its own advantages in layout and binding, and the author can give full play to his creativity and design novel layout and composition.
1, small spacing and large spacing
The rectangular shape of official script and its tight inside and loose outside determine its unique white form with loose up-and-down spacing and tight left-and-right spacing, which is helpful to show the open style and horizontal trend of official script.
2, neatly arranged
Pen official script is generally created in grid or vertical grid, giving people the aesthetic feeling of rows and columns. After proficiency, you can also create directly on white paper.
3. Correct signature
Official script works can be inscribed in cursive script to adjust the strict layout of official script and avoid stagnation. The size of the word should be commensurate with the text, but slightly smaller than the text. You can also use official script to sign, so that the style of works with the right to use is more unified, and for authors who start learning books directly from official script and have poor working skills, they can also achieve the effect of fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses.
4. Reasonable stamping
Generally, a complete calligraphy work needs seals, and there should not be too many seals in official script works. Generally speaking, it should be coordinated with the size and style of the characters.
In order to make it easier for beginners to quickly master the writing method of hard-pen official script and better combine temporary paste with creation, some radicals are summarized as follows and illustrated with examples. It should be pointed out that the purpose of this list is to help beginners understand the general writing of official script, rather than copying it mechanically, but to be able to draw inferences. Learn hard-pen official script, from the strict statutes of Han Li. When we study, we can choose a way to study his brushwork deeply, and then we can dabble in bamboo slips, silk books and other aspects after we have a good foundation.
cursive script
Cursive writing is a convenient way to write. Said in Shuo Wen Jie Zi; There are cursive scripts in Hanxing. The cursive script began in the early Han dynasty, and its characteristics are: keeping the outline of characters, damaging the official rules, rushing away and rushing away quickly. Because of the meaning of grass, it is called cursive script. Judging from the development of cursive script, the development of cursive script can be divided into three stages: early cursive script, chapter cursive script and this year's cursive script. Early cursive script and official script were parallel, generally called official script, but in fact some forms of seal script were mixed. The early cursive script broke the strict rules of official script and was a hasty writing. Known as Cao Zhang, Cao Zhang is an elegant cursive style, which combines early cursive and Han Li, with obvious waves, wavy strokes, independent characters, square glyphs and horizontal strokes. Cao Zhang was the most popular in the Han and Wei Dynasties, but it was revived in the Yuan Dynasty and transformed into the Ming Dynasty. By the end of the Han Dynasty, Cao Zhang was further grassed, and the strokes of Lishu were removed. The upper and lower strokes are connected, and the radicals are simplified and borrowed from each other. It is called this grass and this grass, which evolved from Cao Zhang. The calligraphy style of this grass has been popular since Wei and Jin Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, this kind of cursive writing was more indulgent, with continuous strokes and changeable glyphs. It is called wild grass, also known as big grass. Today, the aesthetic value of cursive script far exceeds its practical value. Cursive script is to connect words with dots according to certain rules. It has a simple structure and is used while borrowing, not scribbling at will. One of the main features of cursive symbols is the linking of strokes, including up-and-down linking and left-and-right linking. The lateral tendency of Li Hua's brushwork provides a foundation for the grass planting of the left and right hooks. Cao Zhang's brushwork uses a shape, and this brushwork uses an S-shape. This is the fundamental difference between the two. Indulge with a pen, draw messy, also called big grass or crazy grass.
the second question
Oracle Bone Inscriptions \ Oracle Bone Inscriptions \ seal script \ official script \ cursive script \ running script, which is really beautiful \ Liu \ Ou \ Zhao, running script: Wang Xizhi \ Su \ Huang \ Mi \ Cai and so on.
Third question
The development of art often has a stable phenomenon, such as calligraphy. When history entered the fourth century, that is, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, various calligraphy styles were mature. Up to now 1600 years, no new calligraphy style has appeared. Since the Tang Dynasty, each dynasty has enriched the treasure house of calligraphy art with its own style, characteristics, techniques, theories and ideas, and accumulated mature experience, rules and standards. It should be said that these rich accumulations provide resources for our inheritance today and provide reference for our evaluation. Specifically, when judging the inheritance of a work, there are at least the following points:
The first is the word method, that is, whether the glyph structure is in place. What is the standard of being in place? Take the running script as an example, that is, Wang Xizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and his excellent works, including Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang in the early Tang Dynasty and Yan Zhenqing in the middle Tang Dynasty. If we really understand Wang Xizhi thoroughly, we will find Mi Fei, Huang Gu and later Zhao Mengfu, Dong Qichang, Wang Duo and Fu Shan in the Song Dynasty. There are still some shortcomings in the font structure. Judging from the promotion of running script, I think whether all kinds of calligraphy structures are in place is based on their classics. The selection of the Eighth National Exhibition is conducted according to different styles, and representatives and authoritative figures of various contemporary styles should participate in principle. I believe that the steelyard in their hearts is accurate.
The second is brushwork. The standard of brushwork is richness, hiding and revealing, square and circle, point and line, slow and urgent, and so on. The ancients said: the center has a skeleton, and the flank sees the spirit. Blindly Fang Bi or blindly round pen, the same speed, are monotonous, will affect the perception, which is called no pen, no pen.
The third is the ink method. Ink color changes with writing, from heavy to light, from thick to light, from real to virtual. Every time ink is stored, it is different and forms rhythm repeatedly, but this side can be called ink. If the pen is dipped in ink and the word is dipped in ink, we call it ink-free.
The fourth is composition. In addition to the traditional branch layout, rules and regulations should run through, without obstacles, without making a scene in court or beating Heng Pao. On the other hand, it is not good discipline to think that it is not smooth, and you will lose points.
These four points are the standards of inheriting calligraphy ontology techniques. Because the form and technique of art are relatively independent, especially calligraphy, form is content to a great extent, so its inheritance is more obvious. Traditional classic forms and techniques will inevitably become an important basis for the judges' evaluation criteria.