Yan (about 60 1 ~ 673) was a painter and engineer in the Tang Dynasty in China. Yongzhou Wannian (now Lintong County, Xi, Shaanxi Province) was born in a famous family. His father, Yan Pi, is the son-in-law of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Because Yan is good at painting and architecture, she is skillful in thinking. Both Wendi and Yang Di like his talent. After entering the Sui Dynasty, the official will be dismissed from the imperial court, and there will be less supervision. My brother Yan Lide is also good at painting, calligraphy, crafts and architectural engineering. Father and son were famous for their crafts and paintings during the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Yan's painting art is inherited from his family, followed by Zhang Sengyou and Zheng Fashi. It is said that he saw Zhang Sengyou murals in Jingzhou, and stayed below for more than ten days, sitting and watching, reluctant to leave. Later generations said that he studied Buddhism, and his figures, chariots and horses, and taige all reached a high level.
Yan is not only good at painting, but also has political talent. During Tang Gaozu's Wude period, he was appointed as the library director of the King of Qin (Li Shimin), and served as the chief doctor and assistant minister of punishments in Taizong Zhenguan. Gao Zongxian died in Qingyuan (656), and he was promoted from general to minister of the Ministry of Industry. In the first year of General Chapter (668), he was promoted to the right, and he was named Duke of Boling County. At that time, Jiang Ke was appointed as the left ambassador, with outstanding achievements, so people have the saying that "Xuanwei Desert is on the left and Danqing is on the right". In the first year of Xianheng (670), he moved to Zhongshu. Xian Heng died in four years.
achievements of art
Yan is versatile. He is good at painting Taoist Buddhism, figures, landscapes and pommel horses, especially Taoist and Buddhist figure paintings. He once painted the walls of the two corridors in Chang 'an, and he was famous. Yan's works were collected by the Inner House of Song Dynasty in Xuanhe Album, and Taoist and Buddhist themes accounted for more than half. He is also engaged in portrait work, and his portrait is created in recognition of meritorious service. In the ninth year of Wude (626), the eighteen pictures of Qin Dynasty were portraits of Fang, Du Ruhui, etc. 18 literati advisers under Li Shimin, the king of Qin. They are portraits of people, depicting the shapes of people. In this picture, everyone's figure, appearance, clothing, age and expression are vividly and concretely depicted. In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), Lingyange painted portraits of 24 people, including Wuji, Li, Fang and Du Ruhui, which became another large-scale political portrait creation activity after the portraits of Qilin Pavilion and Yuntai in Han Dynasty.
The portrait of Lingyange in Tang Dynasty no longer exists. In the fifth year of Yuan You in the Northern Song Dynasty (1090), You Shixiong once painted a stone with a chalk book. At present, there are still a few stone carvings in linyou county, Shaanxi Province, including the four statues of Xiao Li, Xiao Li, Xiao Qin and Xiao Qin, all of which are upright, but they are afraid of ruining their facial images. According to Du Fu's "Dan Qing Yin" in the Tang Dynasty, Yan was also appointed as a portrait of Emperor Taizong, which was later spread on the east wall of Chang 'an Hall and became a famous monument for a while. Yan's The True Face of Emperor Taizong, Eighteen Sons of Qin Lou and Twenty-four Heroes of Lingyange, with vivid images, were masterpieces at that time and were praised as "the model of Danqing". During the reign of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty, there were still 42 works of Yan in the palace, including Xizhi, Dou Jiande, Li Simo, Hero of Lingyange, Advice from Wei Zhi and Buji. Yan's existing works (or manuscripts) handed down from generation to generation include Kings of Past Dynasties (now in Boston Art Museum), Little Lanting, Walking Map, Gongtu and so on. "Walking Map" depicts the meeting between Emperor Taizong and the Tibetan envoys who welcomed Princess Wencheng into Tibet. It is a historical picture reflecting the marriage between Han and Tibet.
Yan's works include Gu Di Tu (Boston Museum of Art, USA) and Guan Gong Tu (National Palace Museum, Taipei), which depicts the scenes of distant nationalities and diplomatic envoys going to the Tang Dynasty for general employment, and earned Wang Xizhi's calligraphy from the monk's eloquence with clever tricks. Preface to Lanting (this picture is two volumes and one episode). Although the relationship between these works and Yan needs further study, they basically reflect the painting style of the early Tang Dynasty.
artistic style
Good at depicting characters and gods.
Yan's works are vigorous and vivid, from which we can see the character characteristics of the characters. Yan's works, such as The Emperors of Past Dynasties, have been preserved to this day, which is an important work that ancient painters tried to express their individuality.
Main work
Emperors' maps, travel maps, and Xiao Yi's Lanting map.
Be good at current affairs and politics
Many of Yan's creative activities are closely related to the events in the early Tang Dynasty. According to records, he painted Gong Gong Tu, Xi Yu Tu, Exotic Tu, and Treasure Tu in Different Gardens, all of which reflected the friendly relations between the Tang Dynasty and various ethnic groups by depicting distant ethnic groups and figures, thus praising the power of the regime. He drew Wei Zhi's suggestion chart to show that Wei Zhi, a famous minister in the period of Emperor Taizong, dared to make suggestions directly, thus praising the virtue of Emperor Taizong's being good at listening to his subordinates' opinions. His map of Yonghui courtiers shows the portrait of Minister Gaozong, and the map of Zhaoling is the design of stone statues of leaders of all ethnic groups erected on both sides of the mausoleum of Emperor Taizong. Unfortunately, these historical works have not been handed down.
Historical evaluation
Many of Yan's creative activities are closely related to political events in the early Tang Dynasty. According to records, he painted Gong Gong Tu, Xi Yu Tu, Exotic Tu, and Treasure Tu in Different Gardens, all of which reflected the friendly relations between the Tang Dynasty and various ethnic groups by depicting distant ethnic groups and figures, thus praising the power of the regime. He drew Wei Zhi's suggestion chart to show that Wei Zhi, a famous minister in the period of Emperor Taizong, dared to make suggestions directly, thus praising the virtue of Emperor Taizong's being good at listening to his subordinates' opinions. His map of Yonghui courtiers shows the portrait of Minister Gaozong, and the map of Zhaoling is the design of stone statues of leaders of all ethnic groups erected on both sides of the mausoleum of Emperor Taizong. Unfortunately, these historical works have not been handed down.
Yan inherited the fine traditions of the Northern and Southern Dynasties in art, and studied, absorbed and developed them seriously. The strong iron line drawing method shown in his works is more expressive than that of the previous generation, the simple colors are calm and changeable, and the mental state of the characters is described in detail, which exceeds the level of the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty, so it is known as "the deification of painters" and "the rule of the world" and has an important position in the history of painting.
Unofficial history's anecdote
Yan, Yan Lide's younger brother. When Emperor Taizong was in power, the official position was very important, as famous as his brother Yan Lide. He was ordered by Emperor Taizong to personally paint the portrait of Emperor Taizong. Later, a master copied in front of the East Temple of Du Xuan Temple, which not only contained the aura of Shang Gang Emperor, but also admired the SHEN WOO prestige of these gods. Yan Lide's Gong Gong Tu is full of outlands and its image is very strange. Yan's Biography of Kings is widely circulated among the people. Before this, there was no master painter who surpassed his brothers in the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
Once, a fierce beast appeared in Nanshan, hurting people. Emperor Taizong sent brave warriors to catch it, but he didn't catch it. Wang Yuanfeng of the State of Guo volunteered to kill people and killed the beast with an arrow. Emperor Taizong liked his grandeur very much, so please paint a picture of him shooting wild animals. The pommel horse servants are lifelike, just like real ones. Anyone who has seen this painting cannot but marvel at and admire his superb skills. In addition, Yan also painted "Eighteen Bachelor's Paintings of Qin House" and "Heroes of Lingyange Pavilion", and he is also a famous painter in past dynasties. Only paintings such as Gong Gong Tu and Lu Shu (according to ancient emperors and generals' guard of honor when they traveled) cooperated with their brother Yan Lide. Many people drew heroes in folklore, but Yan's handwriting was not found. The figures drawn by these heroes, pommel horse and crown car clothes, are very realistic. Li Sizhen said: "Yan's paintings have actually surpassed Master Zheng. After Yan, yes, the teacher's paintings are also very kung fu.
Yan's paintings are the most exquisite works of art. "Emperor Taizong once took a boat with his courtiers to enjoy the scenery in the pool of the imperial garden and saw strange birds floating on the water in the pool. Emperor Taizong clapped his hands on the railing of the ship and applauded many times. He ordered the courtiers present to write poems and hymns on the spot, and ordered the imperial secretary who accompanied him to summon Yan to paint strange birds. Palace officials immediately sent a message to the shore: "Call painter Yan to visit the emperor in Qingyuan Yaochi! "At that time, Yan Liben served as a viscount. After hearing the call, he rushed over, sweating profusely, and immediately bent down to draw water by the pool. Shame is. Afterwards, Yan told his son, "I liked reading when I was a child, but fortunately, I was not an ignorant fool." I wrote the article because I felt it. Among my peers, my article is quite good. However, I am most famous for painting. It is a great shame to let me serve others like a slave. You should take a warning and stop learning this skill. He said that when he was in office, Yan was the right prime minister and Jiang Ke was the general guarding the border. With the meritorious military service, he became the left prime minister. In case of famine, students in imperial academy had a holiday and let them go home. At the same time, it is stipulated that junior clerks of six Yushitai in three provinces must be familiar with a classic work. At that time, someone gave a limerick to tell this story: Prime Minister Zuo was a warrior in the Megatron Desert, and Prime Minister Right was a famous painter. The students in the three museums are herding sheep home, but the clerks in the six departments of the three provinces and the Yushitai should be familiar with the classics. The Yan family is good at painting from generation to generation.
He has been to Jingzhou. Looking at Zhang Sengyou's posthumous painting, he said, "Judging from this painting, his name is empty." I went to see it again the next day and said, "He is also a master of modern painting." After a night, I went to see it again and said, "There is no hidden weapons under my name." Sitting or lying in front of the painting, watching, sleeping next to the painting at night, not leaving for more than ten days. Zhang Sengyou, a native of A Liang, painted a portrait of a drunken monk, which is very vivid. Taoist priests often use this picture to laugh at monks. The monks felt humiliated, so everyone pooled hundreds of thousands of dollars to ask Yan to paint a drunken Taoist, and the two paintings were handed down at the same time.
Appreciation of works:
Imperial paintings of past dynasties
Local maps of emperors of past dynasties
Local maps of emperors of past dynasties
Liu Fuling, the former emperor of the Han Dynasty.
Guangwudi Liu xiu
Wei Wendi fish skin
Liu Bei, Lord of Shu
Wu Zhu sun quan
Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty
Emperor Yuwen Yong of the Later Zhou Dynasty
Chen Wendi
Chen Feidi bozong
Chen is a taboo.
Chen Houzhu Bao Shu
Sui Wendi Sui Wendi
Emperor Yang Di Yang Guang
Emperors of Past Dynasties is the representative work of China Tang Dynasty painter Yan's figure painting. Also known as the map of the ancient emperor. This picture shows silk in color, with a vertical length of 5 1.3 cm and a horizontal length of 53 1 cm. At present, the Boston Museum of Art has a full volume of portraits of thirteen emperors from the Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty. From the perspective of portrait, although there is still a tendency of stylization, it shows great progress in characterization, unconventional and distinctive. The size of the characters in the painting is handled according to the hierarchical feudal ethics. The maps of emperors in past dynasties were all influenced by Buddhist art, with heavy colors and dizzy clothes.
The Map of Ancient Emperors or the Map of Emperors in Past Dynasties depicts thirteen emperors: Liu Fuling, former Emperor Zhaodi of Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, Cao Pi, Wu Zhu Sun Quan, Shu Bei, Emperor Jinwu, Chen Bozong, Chen Houzhu Chen, Yu Wenyong, Emperor Wendi of Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yang Guang and Emperor Yangdi. Every emperor has a list of books, and some also record his reign year and attitude towards Buddhism and Taoism. The painter not only pays attention to depicting the same characteristics and temperament of feudal rulers, but also successfully shapes typical historical figures with outstanding personalities according to the political actions and different circumstances and destinies of each emperor, which reflects the author's evaluation of these emperors. From left to right, the figures on the right are: Emperor Yu Wenyong and Chen of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.
The map of emperors depicts the images of thirteen emperors from the Western Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty. The painter tried to reveal the different inner world and personality characteristics of emperors by depicting their different facial expressions. Those monarchs who started the dynasty and established generations all reflected the "king temperament" and "Wei Li Fan Yi" in the painter's pen; Those who are fatuous or submissive are narrow-minded and corrupt. The painter's attitude of judging history, praising and criticizing characters, promoting good and restraining evil with a brush is very clear. The figures are accurate in modeling, stretched with pens and dignified in color. This painting was collected by imperial governments or individuals in the past dynasties, and fell into the hands of Liang Hongzhi in the late Qing Dynasty and flowed abroad.
Emperors' pictures of past dynasties have no names, and they have been circulated for a long time as Yan's works, mainly based on the inscriptions in the Song Dynasty. According to historical records, the silk books circulating now were copied and colored by Bao Yang in Song Dynasty on the basis of white linen paper and Tang paintings. Artistic achievements represent the highest level of figure painting in the early Tang Dynasty and occupy an important position in the history of ancient painting. The Tang Dynasty was the prosperous period of China's painting, and he tended to face reality in the subject matter of painting. During this period, not only the characters came forth in large numbers, but also the techniques of depicting characters developed in an all-round way. Tracing back to Gu Kaizhi, Yan blended in with magnanimity, and in the Map of Emperors in Past Dynasties, he described the personality characteristics of ancient emperors with firmness and bold lines. This picture scroll contains portraits of thirteen emperors and some attendants. Above the emperor, the temple number, name and reign year are written. The ten emperors were Liu Fuling, Zhao Di of the former Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu of the later Han Dynasty, Guangwudi, Cao Pi, talented Wei Wendi, Liu Bei, simple and honest Shu Master, Sun Quan, deep Wu Master, Sima Yan, rude but resourceful Northern Zhou Emperor Yu Wenyong, rigid and flexible Sui Wendi, Yang Guang, clever and grandiose emperor Yang Di, beautiful and talented Chen Wendi, and cowardly and incompetent emperor Chen Xuan. Generally speaking, as a classic work of figure painting in China, emperors' pictures of past dynasties undoubtedly reflect the imposing manner and inner world of emperors, and the painter's aesthetic level of color has reached its peak, and its artistic value and historical value cannot be measured by money.
Professional tribute map
Local part of professional tribute map
Local part of professional tribute map
During the Tang Dynasty, China was a world power, and there was an endless stream of people coming and going on the trade avenue connecting East and West. Chang 'an, the capital, was already an international city with a population of one million at that time and became the activity center of Eurasia. On the streets of Chang 'an, people of all races and colors are bustling, showing carnival-like excitement and diversity. Yan's "Tribute Map" depicts the scenes of Wanli, Luo Cha, Lin and others paying tribute to China during the reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, and presenting all kinds of exotic items. Judging from the form that the front-end faucet has been outside the painting, some scholars believe that the existing Gong Gong Tu is a seal cutting work. At present, there are 27 people in the whole picture, marching from right to left like a parade. At the center and left of the team, there are servants with umbrellas, which symbolizes the status of people's messengers under umbrellas, and the existence of umbrellas also highlights their noble status. The tributes in the painting include parrots, strange stones, ivory and so on. In addition to being dazzling, they are also full of exotic feelings, which makes people spy on the diversity in different cultures.
Lock the suggested map
Lock the part of the suggestion diagram.
Lock the part of the suggestion diagram.
Tang Yan Li Ben's silk book in Flier Art Collection is colored, with a length of 36.9 cm and a width of 207.9 cm.
This painting was originally handed down by Yan in the Tang Dynasty. Although it is an imitation of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it still retains its original style. It shows the scene that Liu Cong, the emperor of sixteen countries, risked his life to remonstrate with Chen Yuanda. Liu Cong, a dissolute, extravagant and cruel Xiongnu monarch, spent a lot of money to build a palace for his beloved concubine. Chen Yuanda risked his life to protest, and was beheaded by the grumpy Liu Cong, who was later rescued by Liu Guifei. The photo shows that Chen Yuanda chained himself to a tree. The atmosphere is tense and the characters' expressions are very vivid.
Xiao Yi earns Lanting map.
The Lanting Map of Xiao Yi's Income was written by Yan, a painter in the Tang Dynasty, based on the Lanting Collection by He in the Tang Dynasty. This is a figure painting with a story as the theme. It depicts the story of Emperor Taizong's imperial history Xiao Yi defrauding the disciples of Wang Xizhi's seventh-generation monk Zhiyong of "the best running script in the world" and "Preface to Lanting" for Emperor Taizong. Painting is the eloquence of Yuan. Xiao Yi gloated, but the old monk's eloquence was tongue-tied. There are two servants preparing tea on the tea stove; The characters' expressions are nuanced. Shen Yan, a Shaoxing scholar in the Song Dynasty, Jin Nong in the Qing Dynasty and Shen Han, a Chenghua scholar in the Ming Dynasty.
The Lanting Collection written by He in the Tang Dynasty records that Emperor Taizong deeply loved Wang Xizhi's masterpiece Preface to Lanting and sent a supervisor to search for it. Shi Zhiyong, a disciple of Wang Xizhi's descendants, kept the Preface to the Lanting Pavilion a secret, but little Joey pretended to be a scholar, made friends with the debater, and showed the original work borrowed by Wang Xizhi from the palace to ask for books. After a long period of hard work, after gaining the confidence of the debater and showing the original works, Xiao Yi found an excuse to stay and took the opportunity to sweep it away. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Rihua and his neighbor Yu Shaosong thought it was not credible, but Xiao Yi earned the Lanting Gathering, and the Lanting Gathering based on it was repeatedly imitated in the Song Dynasty and later. This painting is based on the story, and the scene of Xiao Yi's visit to the debater is chosen to draw. The picture is vivid and dramatic, and the identity and expression of the characters are described properly. The clothes in the picture are drawn with strong iron wire, and the style is simple, which reproduces some details of making tea and drinking tea more than 1000 years ago. Its image is vivid and interesting. Although there are different opinions about the author of this painting, they all agree that this painting represents the artistic achievements of figure painting in the early Tang Dynasty to some extent.
Portrait of Confucius' disciples
Wang huitu
Yan (model) Hu Qitu vertical shaft
Coachable Map of Emperor Taizong of Yan Dynasty
Five kings of bamboo forest
Stepping map
Local walking map
Local walking map
Zou Ma Tu is one of the representative works of Yan, a painter in Tang Dynasty. Based on the wedding of Songzan Gambu, the leader of Tibet, and Princess Wencheng in the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), it depicts the scene of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin receiving the Tibetan envoy Lu Dongzan. Emperor Taizong sat on the steps carried by six ladies-in-waiting, and several other ladies-in-waiting either held canopies or fans. Lu Dongzan, dressed in a beaded robe loved by the Tibetan people, paid tribute to Emperor Taizong, vividly depicting the identity of Tibetan envoys and their respectful and astute personality characteristics. The painter's Emperor Taizong, through his Shu Lang brow, wise eyes and fluttering beard, showed the self-confidence and majesty of the far-sighted feudal emperor. The lines are smooth and colorful. This picture is divided into two parts, in which Emperor Taizong and Tubo envoy Lu Dongzan are the central figures respectively.
On the right, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, sits on a couch carried by ladies-in-waiting. Emperor Taizong was an outstanding wise monarch in history. He ruled the Tang Dynasty for 23 years and created a great era of "Zhenguan rule". When Zhenguan met with Tibetan envoys in the fifteenth year, Emperor Taizong was in the prime of his 42 years. In the painting, Emperor Taizong looks like an emperor, sitting on the couch, looking dignified, showing kindness and praise to the messenger. In order to highlight the supreme demeanor of Emperor Taizong, the painter arranged nine maids to set off. Six ladies-in-waiting carried the webbed steps, and the other three ladies-in-waiting fanned their awnings at the front and back respectively. Maid-in-waiting is petite and exquisite, which highlights the height and strength of Emperor Taizong. In terms of color, Tang Taizong's brown clothes and black boots and hats are particularly solemn in the red and green palace dresses of maids.
On the left side of the painting, there are three people standing in front of Emperor Taizong. The one in front, wearing a red robe and holding a water board, is the introducer of this meeting; The last one, wearing a white robe and holding a water board, is an official of the court. In the middle is Lu Dongzan, the Tibetan envoy that Emperor Taizong met this time. Lu Dongzan is the prime minister of Songzan Gambu, and he has a high position in Tubo. On the screen, Lu Dongzan stood hand in hand, wearing a small robe, and his hairstyle and clothing were different from those of the Central Plains. His manner is humble, awe-inspiring and calm, and his vigorous character is simple and rude. The wrinkles on his forehead and eyes show his intelligence and rich experience. On the back of the painting, Bo Yi, a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote "Step by Step" with Xiao Zhuan, describing the process of Emperor Taizong summoning Lu Dongzan, an envoy of Tubo. At the end of the picture scroll, there are inscriptions by many celebrities and collectors such as Mi Fei.
From the perspective of painting art, the author is quite proficient in expression. The outline of the object with clothing pattern is smooth and smooth, with toughness, slippery but not slippery, stagnant but not stagnant; The expressions and manners of the main characters are vivid, and the depiction can convey the charm better; Part of the image is smudged, such as the wrinkles of the boots written by the characters, which is very stereoscopic; The whole volume is thick and pure in color, with a large area of red and green blocks staggered, full of rhythm and distinct visual effects. This picture is said to be a copy of the Song Dynasty, but it is more accurate and still retains the authenticity of the original.
Bujitu was recorded in Xuanhe Painting Spectrum, Mi Fei Painting History and Dong Tang Painting Guide in Yuan Dynasty, which was treasured by collectors in past dynasties and represented the high-tech level of painting in the early Tang Dynasty. Today, it is a copy of Song.
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