Fang Xiaoru (1357 ——1July 25th, 402) was named Xunzhi because of his straight character and his love of the past. His study was named "Mr. Goucheng" because his hometown once belonged to Goucheng and he was a professor in Hanzhong. Minister, scholar, writer, essayist and thinker in Ming Dynasty.
Fang Xiaoru was smart and studious, alert and agile. When I grow up, I will learn from Song Lian, a great scholar, and be respected by my peers. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), he died of illness. After he acceded to the throne, he followed Mao's instructions, called Fang Xiaoru to Beijing, entrusted him with an important task, and successively named him a bachelor of Hanlin and a bachelor of Hanlin.
Judy, the prince of Yan, made an oath of "Jingnan" and sent troops south to build the capital. Hui Di also sent troops to the Northern Expedition. At that time, all the letters to the prince were written by Fang Xiaoru. In May of the 4th year of Wen Jian (1402), after the Prince entered Beijing, many civil and military officials turned defeat into victory and surrendered to the Prince. Fang Xiaoru refused to surrender and was arrested and imprisoned.
Later, Judy, the prince who launched the "Jingnan War", refused to write the memorial, and Judy eliminated 873 people from ten families. Fang Xiaoru endured grief and never gave in. At the age of 46, he was killed outside Jubaomen, Nanjing, Jiangsu. When the Axe King was in the Southern Ming Dynasty, he pursued "Zheng Wen". ?
Fang Xiaoru's political theory, historical theory, essays and poems are all excellent, and most of them are included in Xunzhizhai Collection.
His literary works, such as Mosquito Pair, Zhiyu, wuyue, Nose Pair, Wu Poetry, Car Ride, etc. , have their own characteristics.
"Clear theme, bold discussion". This is one of the important features of Fang Xiaoru's literary works. For example, he satirized the evil and self-deception of witches in society by telling the story that a witch lied by "treating ghosts" and was finally scared to death by pretending to be a ghost with a tragic ending. ?
He is also good at expressing cynicism in the way of "combining heat with cold, expressing feelings by form". For example, the article Wu Shi belongs to this category. In this paper, the image of Zhang Shicheng is used to satirize those in power who are partial to hearing and partial to believing, and despise employing people, and the image of "Qiantang hooligan" is used to make friends with Wu Shi, exposing the social foundation of the grandiose trend.
"Strict selection of materials and deep excavation" are also the characteristics of his literary works. Zhiyu can be regarded as an example. It is an argumentative essay, which consists of two parts: narrative essay and argumentative essay. The former part describes, and the latter part expounds the truth contained in the narrative. According to the metaphor, the two are closely combined and complement each other.
The fourth feature is that he is good at metaphor and using writing skills such as comparative fable. The most representative genera are nasal pair and mosquito pair. Mosquito Pair is an ethical essay that discusses the philosophy of life as the theory of things, which has been sublimated from the specific trivial matter of daily life of being bitten by mosquitoes to an important philosophical principle of life.
"Ming History" said, "Fang Xiaoru, a worker, is full of wine and heroic. Every article is published, and the sea is arguing. " The catalogue of Sikuquanshu is even more "uninhibited, very different from Dongpo and Longchuan"
In addition, Fang Xiaoru also wrote Textual Research on the Rites of Zhou Dynasty, Zhi Yi Zi, Warlords' Notes, Highlights of the History of Song Dynasty, A Record of the Emperor's Basic Life, Wen Tong and so on.
Fang Xiaoru's Collection of Re-engraving and Searching for Zhai is kept in the warehouse of Ninghai Cultural Relics Institute. This book was found by a collector in Ninghai. It has a full set of 18 volumes, each of which is 26.5cm long, 1 6.6cm wide and1cm thick. Most of Fang Xiaoru's political essays, historical essays, poems, etc. Also collected are his literary works Mosquito Pair, Finger Metaphor and wuyue. Because Fang Xiaoru's books were banned after his martyrdom, they were rarely circulated. 1928, Ninghai Taigong Hu? Qian deeply felt that "Ninghai is the hometown of its growth, and Ninghai can't be engraved", so he republished it with Chenghua as the base, and named it "Re-engraved Zhai Ji of Xun", with a total of 40 volumes, including series and appendix. The content in the book is the same as that in Chenghua's book, but the content is far beyond the scope of Chenghua's book.