Classical calligraphy works of Chinese studies

When it comes to the contention of a hundred schools of thought, people can't help comparing Taoism with Confucianism, and think that Confucianism advocates joining the WTO, self-cultivation, governing the country, taking the country as home and integrating the family and the country. Taoism, on the other hand, advocates the isolation of quietism. However, we have overlooked a very intriguing phenomenon, that is, in the history of China, most outstanding wizards from all walks of life came from Taoism. Looking back at the history and culture of China, there seems to be an unchanging rule. Whenever there is social chaos, most people in Shi Kuang come from Taoist figures. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Taoism was dominated by philosophers, and Qin ruled by law. In the rebellion at the end of Qin Dynasty, Xiao He and Sean, the powerful ministers who assisted Liu Bang, were almost all Taoist figures. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the country was divided and metaphysics prevailed. Metaphysics and Taoism became popular knowledge of scholars, which promoted the integration of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. Needless to say, Taoism was designated as a national study by the court in the Tang Dynasty. Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty (called Taoism or Neo-Confucianism by Confucianism), whether Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and Zhu's "Rationality precedes the world" or Lu Jiuyuan's "Nothing outside the heart, nothing outside the heart", began to explore the origin of all things in the world. This reflects the influence of the theory of "the first teacher" on Confucianism in Song Dynasty. It is recorded in the Yuan Dynasty that Qiu Chuji, the founder of Longmen Taoism, "stopped killing with one word". Taoism takes the path of Tai Chi, and the Yin and Yang changes in the Ming Dynasty, and either Confucian figures come out to be officials. In order to distinguish Confucius and Mencius, the usual Taoist figures refer to people who take Taiji and dialectical thinking of Yin and Yang as their guiding ideology. Needless to say, the ancestors of Fuxi and Yanhuang in ancient times, Jiang Ziya in the Zhou Dynasty, Fan Li in the Spring and Autumn Period, Xiao He and Sean in the Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms Period, Xu Maogong and Li Jing in the Tang Dynasty, and Li Bi, the protagonist in the hit drama The Longest Day in Chang 'an. The prototype is on the political stage. The relationship between legalists and taoists. Laozi's basic definition of Tao is: things are born in harmony, and Tao gives birth to form, law, morality, name and art, and morality is regarded as the source of form, name and art. In the Spring and Autumn Period. When the State of Qi founded Jixia Xuegong, both Qi Huangong and Guan Zhong regarded themselves as Taoist figures, and took the learning of Huang Lao as the foundation of running a school. Their basic theory is the Four Classics of Laozi and Huangdi, and the core of the theory is "governing by doing nothing" and sharing interest with the people. The rise of the study of Huang Lao is an academic expression of "replacing Qi with others". The founding monarch of Qi was Jiang Ziya, and Jiang Shi was a descendant of Emperor Yan, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor, so he respected Huang and degraded Emperor Yan. Tian Zu was born in the state of Chen, and he was a fellow countryman with Lao Tzu. Therefore, the Tian regime ideologically chose Laozi's theory to pay homage to Huang Lao, obviously in order to overwhelm Yao Shunhe and find a legal basis for "Tian Daiqi". Therefore, the study of Huang Lao has become the main body of Jixia Academy. Xunzi claimed to be a personal biography of Confucius, but his view of heaven was obviously influenced by Laozi's thought. His students are famous legalists Han Fei and Li Si. Han Fei praised Lao Zi's theory, opposed the theory of benevolence and morality, and vigorously advocated Huang Lao's theory of "Tao gives birth to law". He explained Lao Zi's Tao Te Ching through "solving the old" and "being old", which eventually led to the legalist theory. It can be considered that Han Fei's interpretation of Tao Te Ching has expanded Laozi's thought to some extent. Although later generations classified Han Fei as a "legalist", Sima Qian thought that Han Fei's learning originated from Huang Lao and morality, so it was combined into Lao Zi's Biography of Han Fei. Guiguzi is an example of the influence of Taoism. Guiguzi, known as the behind-the-scenes pusher of the Warring States chess game, "one person is angry and the world is afraid, and one person is quiet." His disciples Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Sun Bin, Pang Juan, Lv Buwei and other famous politicians, strategists and diplomats were all chess players in the Warring States period. These outstanding heroes fought or founded their country frequently under the guidance of Yin and Yang thoughts. Therefore, it is not unreasonable for later generations, including a generation of great men, to describe the Tao Te Ching as a national policy of the Warring States. Why are Taoist celebrities in troubled times? At least since the Han Dynasty, Confucianism has been dominant. However, in the event of war, or at the end of the dynasty, at the beginning of the new dynasty, when wars were frequent, Confucianism quietly gave way to Taoism and military strategists. War can not be separated from strategy and art of war, and the art of war guided by the dialectical thought of yin and yang has become the first choice. For thousands of years, the concept of Yin and Yang and the idea of unity of opposites have been integrated into all aspects of social life. Concepts such as wealth, interest, good or bad luck, extreme success and dichotomy have become a pair of relationships that are often involved and studied in social life. When this antagonistic relationship is unbalanced and people's ideas are seriously impacted, this dialectical way of thinking of yin and yang may be stimulated to seek balance. It is under such circumstances that Taoists who actively joined the WTO came into being and became ministers in troubled times. The reason why Taoist figures appeared in troubled times Taoist figures study the dialectical relationship between yin and yang, and their thinking is often not bound by secular concepts, and their potential ability is the easiest to generate. Yin and Yang are the top knowledge in the world, and they are natural cognition summarized from the laws of nature. They are good at grasping the development and change process of things from a macro perspective, that is, they have a strategic vision, can stand on high places, are good at forecasting, plan ahead and seize the initiative. There are profound social reasons for Taoist figures to live in seclusion behind the mountains. Once the society is stable, the rulers will use Confucianism to maintain the society. Taoist figures "played an important role" after completing their historical mission and voluntarily retired, because they knew that officials in charge in peacetime were the most taboo for rulers! Because of this, Taoist figures are very secretive, and once they appear, they are prodigies. Celebrities in cultural circles cite their Taoist background because of secular prejudice, so that people only know their outstanding achievements in other fields, but they don't know that they are from Taoism. There are too many examples, besides Jiang Ziya, Xiao He, Zhuge Liang and Xu Maogong mentioned above, there are also "scientific saints" Zhang Heng, Zhang Zhongjing, Zu Chongzhi and Hua Tuo. Book sage Wang Xizhi and his son Wang Xianzhi. "Four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, with misty rain and terraced fields" is not only Buddhism, but also the grand occasion of the development of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism all developed rapidly, and a big family appeared that respected Taoism and worshipped Buddhism from generation to generation. Wang and Xie in "Lao Wang Xie Yan" are both grandmasters who respected Tao for generations. The story of Wang Xizhi's "Dong Chuang Fu" has been passed down through the ages. He lay shirtless on the couch, completely ignoring the commander-in-chief of the three armies who came to propose marriage. This is a realistic portrayal of Taoism advocating nature and her husband being competitive. Wang Xizhi's works Tao Te Ching and Huang Ting Ching have also become calligraphy classics. After Wang Xianzhi's marriage with his cousin was broken up by the emperor and he became a husband, according to Taoist philosophy, he needed to explain the mistakes in his life. Looking back on his life, I think he generally respects morality, but he was forced to divorce his cousin. "The poet Li Bai is a Taoist priest. Awarding a monk, similar to Buddhist precepts, means that he has since converted to Taoism and become a formal Taoist. Li Bai's mother is also a Taoist layman. Li Bai's words are too white. This font size was given by his mother. It is reported that his mother was pregnant with him because she dreamed of Venus, which is probably her mother's hope for him. Li Bai was recommended to Chang 'an by Wu Yun, a famous Taoist friend. When "taking gold back to the mountain", he met Sima Cheng, the fourth grandfather of Maoshan, in Tiantai Mountain, where Li Bai was officially recognized as maoshan taoist. Li Bai later went to Chang 'an. He was impressed by the elegance of young Li Bai and praised Li Bai as a "fallen fairy". So Li Bai is considered a white star. He, who called Li Bai "fallen immortal", was a Taoist. He once played the Ming emperor on the table and asked permission to go back to his hometown to be a Taoist. Don Huang Ming not only agreed to his request, but also agreed to take his home in Beijing as a Taoist temple and named it "Qian Qiu". Huang, a famous painter. Fuchun Shan Jutu is one of the top ten famous paintings handed down by China, and it is a national treasure made by Huang for Quanzhen's teacher Zheng Xun. It's just that this work is divided into two parts. The first half of the "Leaving the Mountain" is hidden in the Zhejiang Provincial Museum; The second half of The Useless Teacher Volume is in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. 20 1 1 In June, two volumes were finally exhibited for the first time in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. A Bing, a blind musician, is also a Taoist believer. Hua, whose real name is Hua, has received strict music training since childhood and is a Taoist in Wuxi Palace. Proficient in erhu, flute, pipa and other national instrumental music. In the 1930s, due to the turbulent situation, Taoist temples had difficulty in making a living and suffered from eye diseases, so they had to sell their property and wander around performing arts. Famous songs such as "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon" and "Listening to Songs" are all created on the basis of Taoist music and combined with folk music materials.