People in China have worshipped Mount Tai since ancient times, and there is a saying that "Mount Tai is safe and the world is safe". According to legend, in ancient times, 72 emperors came to Taishan to visit the shrine, and Qin Shihuang climbed the peak and was caught in the rain, leaving behind the legends of the five great doctors. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty climbed Mount Tai eight times and marveled at "Senior One! Extremely Big! Special! Be strong! He Yi! Terrible! Confused! " In ancient times, people of all dynasties held closed-door ceremonies and sacrificial activities in Mount Tai, and temples were built up and down Mount Tai to carve gods and stone carvings. Ancient literati admired Mount Tai. They came here to travel and write poems. There are more than 20 ancient buildings and more than 2,200 stone tablets on the majestic Mount Tai.
Mount Tai is famous for its magnificent scenery. Overlapping mountains, heavy bodies, the contrast between pine trees and boulders, and the change of clouds make it bright, magnificent and magical.
The sunrise on Mount Tai is one of the wonders of Daiding and an important symbol of Mount Tai. Whenever tourists stand on the mountain in the early morning or evening and look along the light, they may see a colorful halo with blue inside and red outside on the foggy curtain, which reflects the whole figure or head shadow, like the colorful halo above the head of the Buddha statue, so it is called "Buddha light" or "Bao light". Mount Tai Buddha's light is a diffraction phenomenon of light, and its appearance is conditional. According to records, most of the Buddha's light in Mount Tai appears in the semi-sunny and semi-foggy weather from June to August every year, and it is when the sun shines obliquely.
Mount Tai is also famous for its numerous stone carvings. Some of these stone carvings were inscribed by the emperor himself and some by celebrities. Most of them are beautifully written, elegant in style and beautifully made. There are 1696 stone carvings in Mount Tai, which are divided into cliff stone carvings and inscriptions, which are not only important materials for recording the history of Mount Tai, but also one of the highlights of Mount Tai's scenery.
● Cultural heritage value:
A long history
Mount Tai is one of the cradles of ancient culture in the Yellow River Basin. A long time ago, the surrounding areas of Mount Tai were developed by our ancestors, as evidenced by the Dafenkou culture at the southern foot of Mount Tai and the Longshan culture at the northern foot. Earlier, there were fossils of Xintai people 50 thousand years ago and Yiyuan people 400 thousand years ago. During the Warring States period, the Great Wall, about 500 kilometers long, was built along Mount Tai to the Yellow Sea, and the site still exists today. Mount Tai's scenic spots related to Confucius activities include Confucius Landing Place, WangWuKuJi Square, Confucius Little World, Confucius Temple, Zhan Lu Terrace, Huqiugou and so on. Mount Tai is a sacred mountain range and cultural treasure house, with the reputation of "the first of the five mountains" and "the exclusive respect of the five mountains". It is a symbol of political power and becomes a sacred mountain. At the beginning of the ancient emperor's accession to the throne, at the age of Taiping, he often came to Mount Tai to hold a amenorrhea ceremony to worship heaven and earth. During the pre-Qin period, 72 generations of monarchs all went to Mount Tai to worship Zen. From Qin and Han Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties, emperors visited Mount Tai for meditation 27 times. Accompanied by the emperor's meditation activities and magnificent scenery, cultural celebrities of past dynasties flocked to Mount Tai to compose poems, leaving thousands of poems and stone carvings. For example, Confucius' Autumn Lingge, Sima Qian's Menopause, Cao Zhi's Flying Dragon, Li Bai's Poem on Mount Tai, and Du Fu's Wang Yue have all become China's classics. The murals of the Song Dynasty in Tian Li Hall and the painted Luohan statues in Lingyan Temple are rare treasures. Mount Tai's stone carvings and inscriptions are masterpieces of China's calligraphy art, and all kinds of authentic cursive seal cutting have arrived from Yan, Liu, Europe and Zhao. They are the exhibition halls of China's calligraphy and stone carving. Mount Tai is rich in cultural heritage, with 97 existing ancient sites and 22 ancient buildings (Table 3), which provides material data for studying the history of ancient architecture in China.
religion
Taishan has a long history of religion, and Buddhism was introduced into Taishan in the middle of the 4th century. In 35 1 year, the eminent monk Langgong went to Daiyin in Taishan for the first time to establish Langgong Temple and Lingyan Temple. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the larger temples on Mount Tai were Huangsi, Shenbao Temple and Zhao Pu Temple. The famous Taishan Mountain Valley is a Buddhist classic "Diamond Sutra" carved by northern Qi people. Lingyan Temple reached its peak in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and Li Jifu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, called it one of the "four wonders" in the world. Taishan Taoism had alchemists living in Daiyin Cave as early as the Warring States Period. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were many temples, among which Chi (An), Laojun Temple, Doumu Palace (Longquan Temple), Temple, Houshiwu Temple and yuanshi county Tianzun Temple have been preserved to this day. Among them, Wang Mu pond is the earliest, which was built 220 years ago. Bi Xia Temple has the greatest influence. Mount Tai is the birthplace of the myth and legend of the Queen Mother. As early as the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Wang Mu established the Pond Taoist Temple. Located at the eastern end of the mountain road at the southern foot of Mount Tai, Wang Muchi was called "Qunyu Temple" in ancient times, also known as "Yaochi". During the Three Kingdoms period, the Queen Mother stayed at Dongdu, and Tang Libai wrote Drinking Chi Pan Morning.
The value of natural heritage:
Stratigraphic landform
The formation of Mount Tai has experienced the evolution process from Archean to Cenozoic. Mount Tai movement formed a huge mountain system, Yanshan movement laid the foundation of Mount Tai, Himalayan movement created the majesty of Mount Tai and the overall outline of Mount Tai today. Mount Tai is rich in traces of crustal movement, which is of world significance to geological science research. The Cambrian gneiss group in Taishan area is the basement of North China platform, with abundant outcrops, rich fossils and well-preserved. Taishan complex has a history of 2 billion years and is one of the oldest rocks in the world, which is of great significance to the division and correlation of Archean strata in eastern China and the restoration of Archean history. Limestone and sand shale in Zhang Xia, Gushan and Chaomidian areas at the northern foot of Mount Tai have been identified as the standard profile of Middle-Upper Cambrian in China, and are the naming places or origins of many paleontological species and genera.
South of Mount Tai, fissure springs are widely distributed in Archean strata. From Daiding to the foothills, springs and streams compete for flow, and the mountains are high and long. The spring water is sweet and transparent, "cold and heavy in nature, sweet and moist in taste, and has the effects of clearing the heart and improving eyesight, removing troubles and moistening intestines, and facilitating defecation and prolonging life", which was called "Taishan Shenshui" by the ancients. In the northern part of Mount Tai, the Carboniferous rocks of the Middle-Upper Cambrian and Ordovician are tilted to the north, and the groundwater is exposed into springs in the cutting part of the terrain, dotted from Jinxiu River to the north. At the edge of the northern foot, karst water flows northward, blocked by gabbro in the stratigraphic area, and exposed one after another, making the ancient city of Jinan a spring city of "every family spring and willow".
Taishan landform can be divided into four types: alluvial-diluvial platform, denudation and accumulation hills, structural denudation low mountains and erosion structure medium-low mountains. In the spatial image, from low to high, the mountains and peaks are stacked and towering into the sky, forming a landscape composed of various terrain groups. Mount Tai is located at the intersection of the north-south passage of the North China Plain and the east-west passage of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. This unique geographical location has played an extremely important role in expanding the influence of Mount Tai and promoting its culture.
Vegetation ancient wood
Mount Tai is rich in biological resources, with a vegetation coverage rate of 80%. From the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, deciduous forest, broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous forest and alpine shrub grass can be seen in turn. The vertical boundary of forest belt is clear and the vegetation landscape is different. There are 989 species of seed plants 144 families, including 433 species of woody plants, 556 species of herbaceous plants and 462 species of medicinal plants 1 1 family.
The ancient and famous trees in Mount Tai are originated from nature and have a long history. According to Records of the Historian, there are 34 tree species, accounting for more than 10,000 trees. They are closely related to the historical and cultural development of Mount Tai and are symbols of ancient civilization. Among them, Lingling, Guayin, Tang Huai Steamed Bun, Qingtan Chitose, Legacy of Six Dynasties, Doctor Yipin, Doctor Wu Song, Wang Minsong, Ginkgo biloba in Song Dynasty, Centennial Wisteria, etc. Everyone is a witness of history, and has become a precious legacy after wind and rain.
Taishan four seasons
The four seasons of Mount Tai have their own characteristics: spring returns to the earth and everything revives. Up and down Mount Tai, "the pine arch is green all day long, and the plants are green". The beautiful scenery of Xiao Chun in Thailand attracts countless Chinese and foreign tourists to enjoy flowers in the spring: red peach blossoms, white apricot flowers, golden spring willows and forsythia flowers are covered with branches; Robinia pseudoacacia flowers on both sides of Xixi River are open from bottom to top, white as floc and fragrant; The Hubei begonia in Daiding blooms buds in a large area, and the whole Mount Tai seems to be an ocean of flowers.
In summer, Mount Tai is covered with layers of forests and clouds. Once the weather clears up, full of green will be covered with mountains and mountains, and the mountains and valleys will be full of vitality. Whenever the breeze blows, the pine trees in Songshan area are like the sound of nature. No wonder Emperor Qianlong lamented that "Dai Zhong is the best and Song Zhen is unique".
Autumn is the most colorful season in Mount Tai. Looking from a distance, the layers of forest are all dyed: Cotinus coggygria, five-pointed maple and sorbus are as red as fire; Ginkgo biloba leaves and Tilia amurensis leaves are as yellow as gold; Pines and cypresses do not wither, but are still green; Oaks, elms and maples, although not so bright in color, add layers to the autumn colors of Mount Tai. Buxus lanceolata is a little red among evergreen trees against the backdrop of pine and cypress; Parthenocissus creeper vines, which are comparable to Euonymus lanceolatus, used to be silent in summer, but suddenly became high in late autumn, or were full of red stones or purple. Nature is like a large-scale colorful Chinese painting, which makes Mount Tai particularly enchanting.
Winter in Mount Tai has a unique charm. Immortal pine and cypress stand proudly on the top of the mountain, facing the snow, and the tall and straight bamboo forest paints Mount Tai with green clouds. When it meets snow, the scenery is even more beautiful. The whole mountain is covered with silver and colorful: green trees, red walls, yellow tiles and white snow, which makes people feel relaxed and happy.