---------Yao:
Yao, whose surname is Yi Qi, whose name is Fang Xun, was known as Tang Yao. In 2377 BC, on the second day of the second lunar month, he was born in Yiqi Mountain in Tang Dynasty, and spent his childhood with his mother in Qingdu Mountain. At the age of 15, he was named Tang Hou under the mountain closure in Tang County. At the age of 2, his brother Dizhi was forced to give way to him by the situation and became the leader of the tribal alliance at the end of primitive society in China. After he took the throne, he restored his brother's loyalty to the Tang Dynasty as the Tang Hou, and he also built the first capital in Fucheng, Tang County. Later, due to the flood, he gradually moved to Shanxi and made Pingyang his capital. Tang Yao was in the throne for 7 years, abdicated to Shun at the age of 9, and died at the age of 118.
---------Shun:
Shun, the legendary leader of tribal alliance in the late patriarchal clan society in China [shun the name of patriotic monastery in ancient China]. Shun, also known as Yu Shun, the eighth grandson of the Yellow Emperor, was born in the land of Yao, and took the land as his surname. Is the Yao family the Yellow Emperor? Shun inscriptions like [1], descendants of Shun.
Qing Qianlong's Zhucheng County Records states: "Shun is the crown of county figures, and Zhu Feng is the head of historical sites." It proves that Zhucheng is the hometown of Yu Shun. Fengcun people in Wanjiazhuang Township, Zhucheng City, Shandong Province today.
Shun, always called Yao, is the legendary holy king.
Shun's name was Zhong Hua, and Huangfu Mi in the Jin Dynasty said that he was a monarch. Shun, also known as Yu Shun, is in danger of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and Du Puban. According to the custom of taking the country as the surname in the pre-Qin period, it is called Yu's Emperor Shun. Shun was born in Yao market, so his surname is Yao. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Shoujie specifically pointed out: "Hedong County of Puzhou belongs to Jizhou." It seems that Shun is from Hedong County. Hedong County of Puzhou in the Tang Dynasty is now yongji city, Shanxi Province, and it is now Puzhou Town. Mencius believed that Shun was a native of Dongyi. "Mencius": "Shun was born in Fengs, moved to Xias, died in Mingtiao, and was also a native of Dongyi."
The Confucius in The Doctrine of the Mean says, "Shun's great knowledge is also related to it! Shun is good at asking questions and observing your words, hiding evil and promoting good, holding both ends and using them for the people. Its thought is smooth! "
According to legend, Shun's family background was very poor. Although he was a descendant of Emperor Zhuan Xu, the fifth was Shu Ren, who was in the lower class. Shun's experience was even more unfortunate. His father, Gu Sou, was blind and his mother died young. Gu Sou remarried, and his stepmother gave birth to a younger brother named Xiang. Shun lives in a family environment of "stubborn father, arrogant mother and arrogant elephant". His father has an ulterior motive, his stepmother is duplicitous, his younger brother is unruly, and several people collude to kill Shun. However, Shun did not lose his filial piety to his parents, and was very friendly with his younger brother. He never slacked off for many years. Shun fled in time when his family wanted to harm him; If you get a little better, go back to them immediately and help them as much as possible, so it is "if you want to kill, you can't get it; Seeking, tasting (often) in the side "is so unfortunate and the environment is so bad, but Shun can show extraordinary moral character and handle family relations well, which is a unique aspect of his legendary stories.
Shun's family was poor, so he engaged in all kinds of manual labor and had a rough experience. He is in Lishan (Qianfo Mountain in the southern suburbs of Jinan, which was called Lishan in ancient times, also known as Shunshan and Shungeng Mountain? Shun Di) cultivated and planted, fished in Leize (now northeast of Heze, Shandong Province), and made pottery on the bank of the Yellow River. In short, his livelihood was difficult and he was displaced from place to place, running around to support his family.
It is said that Shun became famous when he was 2 years old. He was famous for his filial piety. Because he can stick to filial piety to his parents who abused and persecuted him, he was called Yang in his youth. Ten years later, Yao asked Siyue (the leader of the four governors) for a successor, and Siyue recommended Shun. Yao married his two daughters to Shun to test his character and ability. Shun not only makes the two daughters live in harmony with the whole family, but also shows outstanding talents and noble personality strength in all aspects. "Shun Geng Li Shan, everyone who has experienced the mountain gives way; Fishing for Razer, everyone in Razer gives way. As long as it is where he works, the fashion of comity will rise; "Pottery riverside, riverside utensils are not bitter", making pottery can also drive people around to engage in earnest, strive for perfection, and put an end to the phenomenon of shoddy construction. Wherever he went, people were willing to follow him, so "in one year, he lived together (together is the village), in two years, he became a city, and in three years, Chengdu (with four counties as the capital)". Yao was very happy to learn these things, and gave Shun Yi clothes (fine ge cloth clothes) and Qin, cattle and sheep, and built a barn for him.
Shun got these rewards, and Gu Sou and Xiang were so jealous that they wanted to kill Shun and seize these possessions. Gu Sou asked Shun to repair the roof of the barn, but set fire to the barn below. Shun survived by jumping off the house with two hats as wings. Later, Gu Sou asked Shun to dig a well. The well was dug deep, but Gu Sou and Xiang filled it with earth. They wanted to plug the well and bury Shun alive. Fortunately, Shun was alert in advance, dug a passage next to the shaft, went through the passage and hid for a while. Gu Sou and Xiang thought that the plot was successful. Xiang said that he had come up with the idea, that he wanted a piano when dividing things, and that Yao's two daughters would be his wives, and that he would share cattle, sheep and barns with his parents. Elephant lived in Shun's house and played Shun's piano. Shun went to see him. Elephant was surprised, but the boss was unhappy, but he said, "I think Shun is boring!" " Shun doesn't take it to heart, as always, he is filial to his parents and friendly to his brothers; And more sincere and cautious than before.
Later, Yao asked Shun to participate in political affairs, manage officials, receive guests and undergo various tempering. Shun not only handled the political affairs in an orderly way, but also improved the employment. The "Eight Yuan" and "Eight Kai" that Yao failed to use have long been famous, so Shun made the "Eight Yuan" manage the land and made the "Eight Kai" disciplined; There are also "Four Fierce Families", namely, Di Hong's incompetent scholar Hundun, Shaoluo's incompetent scholar Qiong Qi, Zhuan Xu's incompetent scholar, and Jinyun's incompetent scholar gluttony. Although notorious, Yao failed to dispose of them, and Shun exiled the "Four Fierce Families" to remote and wild places. The implementation of these measures shows Shun's general plan of governing the country and his political talent.
After many tests, Shun finally got Yao's approval. Choose an auspicious day and hold a ceremony. Yaochan is located in Shun, which is called "Wen Zu at last" in Shangshu. Legend has it that Shun took the place of Yao in the administration of the son of heaven, although he had the right of the son of heaven, but he did not have the title of the son of heaven. A legend that is very different from these two theories is that Shun imprisoned Yao and did not let his son Dan Zhu meet him. Shun himself became the son of heaven, similar to the court coup of future generations, usurping power and seizing power.
After Shun came to power, it is said that there were a series of major political actions, which made great efforts to govern the country. He revised the calendar again, and held a ceremony of offering sacrifices to God, the four seasons of heaven and earth, and the gods of mountains and rivers. He also collected the letters from the governors, then set an auspicious day, summoned the governors and princes from all over the country, held a grand ceremony and re-issued the letters. When he ascended the throne, he toured all over the country, offering sacrifices to famous mountains, summoning governors and inspecting people's feelings; It is also stipulated that the patrol should be held once in the next five years to inspect the improvement of governors' performance and specify rewards and punishments. It can be seen that Shun paid attention to the connection with the local authorities and strengthened his rule over the local authorities.
In the legend, Shun's general plan of governing the country is another one, which is to "punish the elephant with a standard punishment and shed five punishments", and draw the shapes of five punishments on the utensils to play a warning role; Use exile instead of corporal punishment to show leniency. However, flogging, beating and redemption were also set up, especially for criminals who refused to repent. Shun exiled workers to Youzhou, Huandou to Chongshan, Sanmiao to Sanwei, and Gun who had failed in water control to Yushan. The bad guys were punished and everyone was convinced.
According to the legend in Historical Records, Yao died after 28 years of regency of Shun. After the three-year funeral, Shun gave way to Yao's son Dan Zhu and retreated to the south of Nanhe. However, all the governors in the world went to see Shun, but ignored Dan Zhu; People who went to court also complained to Shun, and the people made up many songs to praise Shun, and they all ignored Dan Zhu. Shun felt that the will of the people and the will of God could not be shirked, so he returned to the capital and ascended to the position of the son of heaven. However, the legendary capital of Shun is not in the same place as that of Yao. According to Kong Yingda's "Mao Shi Zheng Yi" in the Tang Dynasty, Huangfu Mi said; "Shun camp capital, or Yunpu Sakamoto." Puban was Hedong County in the Tang Dynasty, which is now Yongji County in Shanxi Province.
After Yao's death, Shun made another great political revolution. The responsibilities of Yu, Hao Tao, Qi, Abandon, Boyi, Kui, Long, Chui, Yi, etc., which have been used in the past, are not clear. At this time, Shun ordered Yu to be a common person to control water and soil; Life abandoned as Hou Ji, in charge of agriculture; Life contract as Stuart, the implementation of enlightenment; Hao Tao was appointed as a "scholar" and was in charge of criminal law; Life hangs as a "* * * worker" and is in charge of all kinds of work; Life benefits as "danger", in charge of the forest; Boyi was appointed as the "Rank Sect" and presided over the etiquette; He was appointed as a music official, in charge of music and education; The dragon was appointed as "Na Yan", responsible for issuing orders and collecting opinions. It is also stipulated that political achievements should be inspected once every three years, and promotion or dismissal should be decided by the results of three inspections. Through such rectification, all the work has taken on a new look. All these people have made brilliant achievements, among which Yu's achievement is the greatest. As an example, Shun Di Statue devoted himself to controlling floods, digging mountains and dredging rivers, and finally conquered the floods, making people all over the world live and work in peace and contentment. At that time, "the contribution of Emperor Shun is cherished in the four seas" and "all the world's virtues begin with Emperor Yu", showing an unprecedented situation of peace.
When Shun was old, he thought that his son was corrupt in business, so he decided that Yu, who had the highest prestige, was his successor, and Yu took charge of administrative affairs. Therefore, Shun, like Yao, is the sage king who abdicated in Zen.
It is said that after Yao's death, Shun reigned for 39 years, went on patrol in the south, died in the wilderness of Cangwu, and was buried in Jiuyi Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River, which was called "Lingling". However, there are many doubts about this statement. First of all, Cangwu was a barren land at that time. It is neither an economic and cultural center nor a military place to resist foreigners. Shun was nearly a hundred years old at that time, and there was no reason to visit here. Secondly, Puban, the capital of Shunding, is now Yongji County, Shanxi Province. Thousands of miles away from Cangwu. According to the traffic conditions at that time, it would take several years for Shun to make a round trip. Besides, Shun is the southern tour, and Cangwu may not be the end, but Shun, who is nearly a hundred years old, never has the physical strength and energy to make such a long March-like southern tour. To sum up, some people put forward a point: Shun must have had to travel far at that time. Or armed escort, have to go; Or chasing after, blindly escape. The two should be one.
Shun, like Yao, was the ancient sage king respected by Confucianism and Mohism in the pre-Qin period. Shun is of special significance to Confucianism. Confucian theory attaches importance to filial piety, and Shun's legend is also famous for filial piety, so his personality image is just a model of Confucian ethics. Mencius made a great contribution to the development of Confucianism after Confucius. He strongly praised Shun's filial piety and advocated people to strive to be as filial as Shun. Said: "Shun, people are also; Me, too. Shun is the law in the world, but it can be passed on to later generations. I am (still) a countryman, but I can worry about it. What's the worry? It' s just awkward. " He even imagined that Shun was the son of heaven, and Gu Sou was arrested for murder. Although Shun would not use his power to undermine the criminal law and pardon him, he must secretly carry his father out of prison, escape to the seaside together, live a carefree life, and forget the status of the son of heaven in order to enjoy family happiness. Due to the propaganda of Confucianism, the legendary deeds about Shun have left a profound influence on China's cultural tradition.
Shundi Mausoleum in Ningyuan, Hunan
Shundi Mausoleum is a sacred place for Chinese people to worship their ancestors and shun. The Xia Dynasty began with the establishment of a temple at Jiukui Mausoleum, moved to Yuguanyan in Qin and Han Dynasties, and moved to Shunyuan Peak in the early Ming Dynasty. After years of disrepair, it was almost deserted. In the 199s, Yongzhou City and ningyuan county invested heavily in restoration and restoration of Ming Dynasty. Shun Di is like [2] the style of Qing Dynasty. However, with the increase in the number of tourists, the mausoleum area is becoming more and more narrow, and the call for expansion is increasing. On April 14th, 24, the Hunan Provincial People's Government decided to hold a provincial public sacrifice ceremony in the following year with the theme of respecting ancestors' patriotism, inheriting civilization, rallying people's hearts and promoting development. On September 17th of the same year, the Shundi Mausoleum Foundation in Jiuyishan, Hunan Province was established for the purpose of strengthening the construction and protection of Shundi Mausoleum. In order to meet the needs of the whole province's ceremony of offering sacrifices to Shun and the tourists visiting the mausoleum, it was decided to expand the mausoleum of Shun Emperor. The Foundation, the relevant provincial departments and the people's governments of cities and counties immediately started planning and design. The planned total land area is more than 43 mu, with a total investment of more than 45 million. The expansion project will be carried out in two phases. The first phase of the project invested 26 million yuan, transforming the mountain gate into a sacrificial hall, adding corridors, turrets, steles, wings, etc., with a new construction area of 4, square meters; Three bridges of the original Jade Belt Bridge outside the Sacrificial Hall are merged into one bridge, and one new arch bridge is built on both sides. The square outside the sacrificial hall is 38, square meters, including 15,5 square meters of Mashi Square and 5 square meters of grass-planting brick square. A new parking lot of thirteen thousand square meters; Build a new instrument door. On April 25th, 25, the first phase of the project was officially started. In order to ensure that the first phase of the project was completed before the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Shun in the whole province, the project headquarters spared no effort, made scientific scheduling, and the project builders worked hard day and night. In order to solve the construction funds, fundraising was carried out throughout the province, and various cities and States generously donated money, and people from all walks of life enthusiastically donated money. On August 2th of the same year, the first phase of the project was completed. On September 15th of the same year, the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Shun in Hunan Province was successfully held in Shun Mausoleum.
Shundi Mausoleum is located in Shunling Scenic Area, which is the target cultural landscape of Jiuyi Mountain Scenic Area and Jiuyi Mountain Scenic Area. It is the oldest mausoleum in China. The mausoleum area of Shundi Mausoleum consists of Lingshan (Shunyuanfeng), Shunling Temple, Shinto and cemetery, covering an area of more than 6 mu. The peak of Shunyuan Mountain in Lingshan is small on the top and big on the bottom, showing a bucket shape, with an altitude of more than 6 mu, which is magnificent. There is a mausoleum temple at the northern foot of the mountain, which sits south to north, with a large scale and covers an area of 24,644 square meters. It is divided into two courtyards and five buildings. There are solemn mountain gates, noon gates, worship halls, main halls, sleeping halls and wing rooms in the mausoleum temple. There is a 2-meter-long Shinto outside the mausoleum temple.
Shun Mausoleum is one of the five ancient tombs in China and the only Shun Di Mausoleum in China. Shun Di's southern tour collapsed in the wild of Cangwu and was buried in Jiuyi Mountain. There are 36 memorial tablets of past dynasties preserved in the memorial tablet profile of Ling Temple, which are precious historical relics and historical witnesses. In the mausoleum area with towering ancient trees, the stone carvings, couplets and wall paintings on the mausoleum temple buildings are vivid and unforgettable. Nearby, there are Ehuang Peak, Nv Ying Peak, Meida Peak, Comb Peak, Shun Peak (three-point stone), Xiaoshao Peak, Banzhuyan, Shunchi and Shunxi, all of which are related to the legend that Shun Di played Jiu Shao's music and the second concubine cried and spotted bamboo.
Dashunyuan
Dashunyuan is located in Zhucheng Economic Development Zone, covering an area of 1, mu, including 6 mu of water surface, with a total investment of 192 million yuan. The main planned scenic spots in the park are: Dashun Hall, Shun Di Square, Shun Ancestral Temple, Shunzi Wall Gallery, Shun Temple, Ancient fengcun (Shun Di's hometown), Lishan, Celebrity Hall,