1. How to call friends in classical Chinese
Friends made when one is poor and in a low status are called "friends of the poor and humble"; friends who have a close friendship and are as close as brothers are called "friends of the Golden Orchid" ; Friends who share life and death, and face hardships are called "friends in times of adversity"; Friends who become friends in times of adversity are called "friends in adversity"; Friends who share the same affection and deep friendship are called "inseparable friends"; We have been together since childhood. Good friends of the opposite sex who grew up are called "friends of bamboo horses"; friends who are friends as common people are called "friends of ordinary people"; friends who are of different generations and have a large age difference are called "friends who have never been together"; friends who are not restricted by their identity or appearance are called "friends who have never been together". Friends who have a deep friendship that does not change due to changes in status are called "Chelijiao"; Friends who support each other morally are called "Junzijiao"; Friends who have similar minds and know each other deeply are called "Shenjiao" ("Shenjiao") "Also refers to friends who admire each other but have never met).
There are roughly three situations in which ancient people addressed themselves by name: (1) Calling themselves by their given name or given name. For example, "Within five steps, Xiangru will be able to splatter blood on his neck," and "Luling Wen Tianxiang prefaces his poem by himself."
(2) Used for introduction or biography. For example, "Sui and Lu Su both went to Sun Quan", "Liu Jingting was a native of Taizhou".
(3) Call someone you hate or despise. For example, "Unfortunately, Master Lu and Meng Gou were evil in the front, and Jia Yuqing was flattering in the back."
The ancients named the names when they were young, and then chose the names as adults (20 years old for boys and 15 years old for girls). There is a meaningful connection between the names and the names. The name is for the convenience of others, and it is out of politeness and respect for peers or seniors.
For example, Qu Ping is called Qu Yuan, Sima Qian is called Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming is called Tao Yuanliang, Li Bai is called Li Taibai, Du Fu is called Du Zimei, Han Yu is called Han Tuizhi, Liu Zongyuan is called Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu was Ouyang Yongshu, Sima Guang was Sima Junshi, Su Shi was Su Zizhan, Su Zhe was Su Ziyou, etc. The name is also called an alias and a table number.
The fundamental difference between a name, a character and a nickname is that the former is determined by the father or elders, while the latter is determined by oneself. A nickname is generally only used for self-proclaiming to show a certain interest or express a certain emotion; it is also a respectful title for a person.
For example: Tao Qian was known as Mr. Wuliu, Li Bai was known as Qinglian Jushi, Du Fu was known as Shaoling Yelao, Bai Juyi was known as Xiangshan Jushi, Li Shangyin was known as Yuxi (Chun) Sheng, He Zhizhang was known as Siming Kuangke in his later years, Ouyang Xiu In his later years, he was also known as Liuyi Jushi, Wang Anshi was known as Banshan in his later years, Su Shi was known as Dongpo Jushi, Lu You was known as Fangweng, Wen Tianxiang was known as Wenshan, Xin Qiji was known as Jiaxuan, Li Qingzhao was known as Yi An Jushi, Yang Wanli was known as Chengzhai, and Luo Guanzhong was known as Hu. From Haisan, Guan Hanqing was named Ji Zhaisou, Wu Chengen was named Sheyangshan, Fang Bao was named Wangxi, Wu Jian was named I am from Foshan, Yuan Mei was named Suiyuan Laoren, and Liu E was named Hongdu Bailiansheng. Posthumous titles: In ancient times, the titles added to princes, generals, ministers, senior officials, and famous scribes after their death were called posthumous titles.
For example, Tao Yuanming is called Jingjie Zhenggong, Ouyang Xiu is called Ouyang Wenzhonggong, Wang Anshi is called Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is called Fan Wenzhenggong, Wang Ao is called Wang Zhongsugong, Zuo Guangdou is called Zuo Zhongyi Gong, and Shi Kefa is called Shi. Zhonglie Gong, Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhonggong. And calling the treacherous minister Qin Hui Miao Chou is an "evil posthumous title".
Calling a house by its name means calling it by its house number or room number. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, lived in a house called Chengzhai, and people called him Yang Chengzhai; Yao Nai was called Mr. Yao Xibao and Xibao because his house was named Xibaoxuan.
Another example is that Pu Songling is called Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao is the owner of the ice drinking room, and Tan Sitong is called Tan Zhuangfei (the name of his restaurant is "Zhuangfei Tower"). For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Meng Haoran was from Xiangyang, so he was called Meng Xiangyang; Zhang Jiuling was from Qujiang, so he was called Zhang Qujiang; Liu Zongyuan was from Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), so he was called Liu Hedong; Wang Anshi of the Northern Song Dynasty was from Linchuan, Jiangxi. Therefore, he was called Wang Linchuan; the Ming Dynasty dramatist Tang Xianzu was called Tang Linchuan (from Linchuan, Jiangxi); the Qing Dynasty scholar Gu Yanwu was from Tinglin Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu, and was called Gu Tinglin; Kang Youwei was from Nanhai, Guangdong, and was called Kangnanhai; Beiyang The warlord leader Yuan Shikai was known as Yuan Xiangcheng (from Xiangcheng, Henan).
In the late Qing Dynasty, there was a famous couplet full of irony: "The Prime Minister Hefei is thin in the world, and the agricultural minister is always familiar with the world's famine.
"Hefei" in the first couplet refers to Li Hongzhang (from Hefei, Anhui), and "Changshu" in the second couplet refers to Weng Tongjie, who was born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province.
Although the title of Junwang Hanyu is from Heyang, Hanoi (now Mengxian County, Henan Province) However, because the Han family in Changli (now Yixian, Liaoning) was a prominent family in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu often called himself "Changli Han Yu", and the world called him Han Changli. Another example is that Su Shi was originally from Meizhou, Sichuan, but he sometimes called himself Han Changli. They are jokingly called "Su Shi of Zhao County" and "Su Zhao County" because the Su family is a prominent family in Zhao County.
The official name is such as "Sun Taolu is smart and benevolent", and "Sun Taolu" is Sun Quan. , because he was once awarded the official position of general against the captives, so he was called "Jing Lue came from the north" in "Mei Hua Ling Ji", "it is said that Taishi Yan used his troops to relieve the enemy, and Wen Shaobao also realized the Great Light Dharma to escape." In this sentence, "Jinglue" is Hong Chengchou's official position, "Taishi" is the provincial title of Yan Zhenqing's official position "Prince Taishi", and "Shaobao" is Wen Tianxiang's official position
"Books with His Wife": "Sima Chunshan, I can't imitate the Supreme Being's forgetfulness of love. "Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was the Sima of Jiangzhou.
It was quite common in ancient times to use official names as appellation of people, such as calling Jia Yi as Taifu Jia; Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest" He once served as an infantry captain, and was known as Ruan Infantry in the world; Ji Kang once worshiped Zhongsan as a doctor, and was known as Ji Zhongsan in the world; Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was promoted to the general of Youjun, and people still call him Wang Youjun; Wang Wei once served as Shangshu Youcheng, and is known as Wang Youcheng in the world. ; Du Fu once served as Zuo Shiyi, so he was called Du Shiyi, and because he served as Wailang, a member of the inspection and work department, he was also called Du Gongbu; Liu Yuxi once served as a guest of the prince, and was called Liu guest; Liu Yong once served as a farm worker. Wai Lang was known as Liu Tuntian; Su Shi once served as a Hanlin scholar in Duanming Palace and was known as Su Xueshi. He was given the title "Xun Jian Shi Kang" and "Kou Lai Gong was the most extravagant in modern times". Kou Zhun's title was Lai Guo Gong. , Lai Gong is the name of the province.
"Prince Heshuo Yu called him Mr." in "The Story of Meihua Ridge", and Duduo was named Prince of Yu in the Qing Dynasty. "The handsome man wanted to marry Ningnan and paid tribute to the shogunate." Ningnan is the provincial name of Zuoliang Yujue in the late Ming Dynasty.
Another example is that Zhuge Liang once conferred the title of Marquis of Wuxiang, so later generations He is known as the Marquis of Wu; the poet Xie Lingyun of the Southern and Northern Dynasties inherited the title of his ancestor Xie Xuan, Kang Le Gong, and was named Xie Kang Le in his later life; Wei Zheng, the famous prime minister in the early Tang Dynasty, was granted the title of Duke Zheng Guogong, and was called Duke of Wei Zheng in his later life; the famous general Guo Ziyi was awarded the title of Fen for his contribution in pacifying the "Anshi Rebellion" Prince Yang, known as Guo Fenyang in the world; the great calligrapher Chu Suiliang was granted the title of Duke of Henan, known as Chu Henan in the world; Wang Anshi of the Northern Song Dynasty was granted the title of Duke of Jing, known as King Jinggong in the world; Sima Guang was knighted as Duke of Wen, known as Sima Wen in the world; in the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu . 2. How to call friends in classical Chinese
Friends made when one is poor and of low status are called "friends of poverty and lowliness"; friends who have a close friendship and are as close as brothers are called "friends of Jinlan"; friends who share life and death, ** *Friends in times of adversity are called "friends in need"; friends formed in times of adversity are called "friends in need"; friends who share the same affection and deep friendship are called "inseparable friends"; good friends of the opposite sex who grew up together Friends who meet as common people are called "commoner friends"; Friends with different generations and large age differences are called "Wangnianjiao"; Friends who are not limited by identity or appearance are called "Wangtaijiao"; Friends who have deep friendships that change with changes in status are called "Chelijiao"; friends who support each other morally are called "Junzijiao"; friends who have similar minds and know each other deeply are called "Shenjiao" ("Shenjiao" also refers to admiring each other for being famous). Friends who have never met in person).
There are generally three situations in which the ancients addressed themselves by name: (1) Calling yourself by your given name. For example, "Within five steps, Xiangru will have blood splattered on his neck." , "Luling Wen Tianxiang prefaced his poem"
(2) Used for introduction or biography, such as "Liu Jingting was a native of Taizhou". p>
(3) Call someone you hate or despise. For example, "Unfortunately, Master Lu and Meng Gou were evil in the past, and Jia Yuqing was flattering in the past."
The name was given by the ancients when they were young and became adults. 20 years old, female 15 years old) to choose the word, the word and the name are meaningfully connected. The name is for the convenience of others, and it is out of politeness and respect for peers or seniors.
For example, Qu Ping is called Qu Yuan, Sima Qian is called Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming is called Tao Yuanliang, Li Bai is called Li Taibai, Du Fu is called Du Zimei, Han Yu is called Han Tuizhi, Liu Zongyuan is called Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu is called Ouyang Yongshu, and Sima Guang is Sima Junshi, Su Shi is Su Zizhan, Su Zhe is Su Ziyou, etc. The name is also called an alias and a table number.
The fundamental difference between a name, a character and a nickname is that the former is determined by the father or elders, while the latter is determined by oneself. A nickname is generally only used for self-proclaiming to show a certain interest or express a certain emotion; it is also a respectful title for a person.
For example: Tao Qian was known as Mr. Wuliu, Li Bai was known as Qinglian Jushi, Du Fu was known as Shaoling Yelao, Bai Juyi was known as Xiangshan Jushi, Li Shangyin was known as Yuxi (Chun) Sheng, He Zhizhang was known as Siming Kuangke in his later years, Ouyang Xiu In his later years, he was also known as Liuyi Jushi, Wang Anshi was known as Banshan in his later years, Su Shi was known as Dongpo Jushi, Lu You was known as Fangweng, Wen Tianxiang was known as Wenshan, Xin Qiji was known as Jiaxuan, Li Qingzhao was known as Yi An Jushi, Yang Wanli was known as Chengzhai, and Luo Guanzhong was known as Hu. From Haisan, Guan Hanqing was named Ji Zhaisou, Wu Chengen was named Sheyangshan, Fang Bao was named Wangxi, Wu Jian was named I am from Foshan, Yuan Mei was named Suiyuan Laoren, and Liu E was named Hongdu Bailiansheng. Posthumous titles: In ancient times, the titles added to princes, generals, ministers, senior officials, and famous scribes after their death were called posthumous titles.
For example, Tao Yuanming is called Jingjie Zhenggong, Ouyang Xiu is called Ouyang Wenzhonggong, Wang Anshi is called Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is called Fan Wenzhenggong, Wang Ao is called Wang Zhongsugong, Zuo Guangdou is called Zuo Zhongyi Gong, and Shi Kefa is called Shi. Zhonglie Gong, Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhonggong. And calling the treacherous minister Qin Hui Miao Chou is an "evil posthumous title".
Calling a house by its name means calling it by its house number or room number. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, lived in a house called Chengzhai, and people called him Yang Chengzhai; Yao Nai was called Mr. Yao Xibao and Xibao because his house was named Xibaoxuan.
Another example is that Pu Songling is called Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao is the owner of the ice drinking room, and Tan Sitong is called Tan Zhuangfei (the name of his restaurant is "Zhuangfei Tower"). For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Meng Haoran was from Xiangyang, so he was called Meng Xiangyang; Zhang Jiuling was from Qujiang, so he was called Zhang Qujiang; Liu Zongyuan was from Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), so he was called Liu Hedong; Wang Anshi of the Northern Song Dynasty was from Linchuan, Jiangxi. Therefore, he was called Wang Linchuan; the Ming Dynasty dramatist Tang Xianzu was called Tang Linchuan (from Linchuan, Jiangxi); the Qing Dynasty scholar Gu Yanwu was from Tinglin Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu, and was called Gu Tinglin; Kang Youwei was from Nanhai, Guangdong, and was called Kangnanhai; Beiyang The warlord leader Yuan Shikai was known as Yuan Xiangcheng (from Xiangcheng, Henan).
In the late Qing Dynasty, there was a famous couplet full of sarcasm: "The prime minister Hefei is thin in the world, and the agricultural minister Changshu is destitute in the world." "Hefei" in the first couplet refers to Li Hongzhang (from Hefei, Anhui), and "Changshu" in the second couplet means he was born in Jiangsu Weng Tongjie from Changshu.
Although Han Yu, who was called Jun Wang, was from Heyang, Hanoi (now Meng County, Henan Province), because the Han family in Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province) was a prominent family in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu often called himself "Changli Han Yu". The world then called him Han Changli. Another example is Su Shi, who was originally from Meizhou, Sichuan, but he sometimes jokingly called himself "Su Shi from Zhaojun" or "Su Zhaojun" because the Su family was a prominent family in Zhaojun.
The official name is such as "Sun Taolu is smart and benevolent", "Sun Taolu" is Sun Quan, because he was awarded the official position of general touolu, so he was called. "Mei Hua Ling Ji" has the sentence "Jing Lue came from the north" and "it is said that Taishi Yan used his troops to escape, and Wen Shaobao also realized the great light and the cicada escaped." "Jing Lue" is Hong Chengchou's official position, and "Tai Shi" It is the provincial title of Yan Zhenqing's official position "Prince Taishi", and "Shaobao" is the official position of Wen Tianxiang.
"A Letter to His Wife": "Sima Chunshan, I cannot imitate the Supreme Master's forgetfulness of love." "Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was the Sima of Jiangzhou.
It was quite common in ancient times to use official names as personal titles. For example, Jia Yi was called Taifu Jia; Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest", served as an infantry captain and was called Ruan Infantry in the world; Ji Kang once worshiped Zhongsan doctor, known as Ji Zhongsan in the world; Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was promoted to the general of Youjun, and people still call him Wang Youjun today; Wang Wei once served as Shangshu Youcheng, and was known as Wang Youcheng in the world; Du Fu once served as Zuo Shiyi, so he is called Du Shiyi , and because he served as a member of the Ministry of Inspection and Engineering, he was also called Du Gongbu; Liu Yuxi once served as a guest of the prince, and was called a guest of Liu; Liu Yong once served as a member of the Tuntian Yuanwailang, and was called Liu Tuntian; Su Shi once served as a member of the Imperial Academy of Duanming Palace Bachelor, known as Su Bachelor.
The title of the title "Xun Jian Shi Kang" "Kou Laigong was the most extravagant in modern times", Kou Zhun's title was Lai Guogong, and Laigong was the provincial title.
"Meihua Ridge" "Prince Heshuo of Yu called him Mr.", and Duoduo was named Prince of Yu in the Qing Dynasty. "The Biography of Liu Jingting" "When Ningnan went south, the commander-in-chief of Anhui wanted to marry Ningnan and paid tribute to the pavilion in the shogunate." Ningnan was the provincial name of Ningnanhou, the title of Zuoliang Yujue in the late Ming Dynasty.
Another example is that Zhuge Liang once granted the title of Marquis of Wuxiang, so later generations called him Marquis of Wu; He was given the title of Duke Zheng Guogong, and was called Duke Zheng of Wei in his later life; the famous general Guo Ziyi was granted the title of Duke of Fenyang County for his meritorious service in pacifying the "Anshi Rebellion", and was called Guo Fenyang in the world; the great calligrapher Chu Suiliang was granted the title of Duke of Henan Province, and was called Chu Henan in the world; the king of the Northern Song Dynasty, Anshi, was granted the title of Duke of Jing Guo. He was known as King Jing Gong in the world; Sima Guang was once awarded the title of Wen. 3. How to use classical Chinese to address best friends
Jinlan sisters, close friends
Detailed explanation
1. The most common way is to address them directly as sisters. Nowadays, there are many Isn’t that what girls are called too? Especially when it comes to the second person, you generally don't call each other "best friend", but also call each other "sisters". Generally speaking, it is enough to call them sister, sister, sister, sister-in-law, sister-in-law, brother-in-law, brother-in-law, or step-sister. You can also call them by their surname or ranking plus sisters, such as the typical title "Second Sister You". Pay attention to the dynasty. The word "jie" only appeared in relatively recent times. Before the Middle Ages, it was generally called "sister".
2. Just call them "close friends". If I introduce it to others, it can be said that I am a "close friend", "best friend", "confidant", "friend of Jinlan" or "friend of Jinshi". Someone upstairs explained it very comprehensively. In short, it is not a term specifically referring to male friendship. All can be used. In addition, "best friend" itself is the abbreviation of "close friend in the best friend".
3. Call each other by name! The ancient customs are different from modern ones. They do not call each other by their first names. Generally, little girls who have a very good relationship can call each other by their nicknames or nicknames. Adult married people can call each other by their given names. Some elegant and talented girls can call each other by their aliases.
Knowledge Expansion
Friends made when one is poor and of low status are called "friends of the poor and lowly"; friends who have a close friendship and are as close as brothers are called "friends of the Golden Orchid"; those who share life and death,* **Friends in times of adversity are called "friends in times of adversity"; Friends formed in times of adversity are called "friends in adversity"; Friends who share the same affection and deep friendship are called "inseparable friends"; People of the opposite sex who grew up together are good friends. Friends are called "bamboo-horse acquaintances"; friends who meet as common people are called "commoner acquaintances"; friends with different generations and large age differences are called "wangnianjiao"; friends who are not restricted by identity or appearance are called "wangxingjiao"; Friends whose deep friendship changes due to changes in status are called "chelijiao"; friends who support each other morally are called "junzijiao"; friends who share the same mind and know each other deeply are called "shenjiao" ("shenjiao" also refers to admiration for each other) and friends who have never met). 4. How to call best friends in classical Chinese
1. The most common way is to address them directly as sisters. Don’t many girls call them this way now? Especially when it comes to the second person, you generally don't call each other "best friend", but also call each other "sisters".
Generally speaking, it is enough to call them sister, sister, sister, sister-in-law, sister-in-law, brother-in-law, brother-in-law, or step-sister. You can also call them by their surname or ranking plus sisters, such as the typical title "Second Sister You".
Pay attention to the dynasty. The word "jie" appeared in relatively recent times. Before the Middle Ages, it was generally called "sister". 2. Just call them "close friends".
If you introduce me to others, you can say that they are my "close friend", "best friend", "confidant", "friend of Jinlan" and "friend of Jinshi". There is a person upstairs who explained it very comprehensively. In short Not all words specifically referring to male friendship can be used. In addition, "best friend" itself is the abbreviation of "close friend in the best friend".
3. Call each other by name! The ancient customs are different from modern ones. They do not call each other by their first names. Generally, little girls who have a very good relationship can call each other by their nicknames or nicknames. Adult married people can call each other by their given names. Some elegant and talented girls can call each other by their aliases.
5. How can you address others in classical Chinese?
Because you asked this question, I also learned it. I will extract and organize other people’s answers for you. If you have any questions or are unclear, please feel free to ask
First person:
Male: I, Yu, Yu, Wu, Chen (to the king), I (self-proclaimed by the emperor), I am under, trivial, late Jin (to the seniors), Xiaosheng (to the man) woman), its (rarely seen, usually in the third person), student (to the teacher)
Female: concubine, concubine, concubine, slave family, little girl, I, concubine (to the king) )
Second person (generally, there seems to be no distinction between men and women):
Son, you, female (tongru), step, if, and, nai, you, you, etc. (plural ), Sir (to the teacher), Your Majesty (to the king), Master (to the master), Qing, Aiqing (the king to his ministers)
Third person:
Sir, Master, He, his, and other pronouns
To address yourself to others:
Father: family father, family monarch, family strictness
Mother: family mother, family kindness
Son: Quanzi, Xiaoer
Daughter: Xiaonv
What others call him:
Father: Your Majesty, Ling Yan
Mother: Lingtang, Lingci
Son: Lingzi, Linggongzi
Daughter: Lingmei, Lingai
1. Questions from people who meet for the first time The surname is your surname, and when asked about the name, it is Taifu. When he says his surname, he says, "my surname is so and so," and when he says his first name, he says his surname is so-and-so.
2. Those who have relatives and friends should be commensurate with each other by their names. It is common to call someone Mr. or brother, and call yourself brother. An old person is called Mr. Lao, and he calls himself a later scholar, or he calls himself a self-named person.
3. Address a person’s father as your father, and your mother as your father. When you address others as your parents, you call them family strict, and you call them family loving. When meeting a friend's father, he calls him uncle, his mother calls her aunt, and she calls herself late or nephew.
4. The ancestor of a person is called Lingzu Gong, and the grandmother is called Mrs. Lingzu. When people call themselves ancestors, they call them family ancestors. Grandmother is called the grandmother of the family. When meeting people's grandparents, they call them great uncle or great aunt. Just call yourself by your own name.
5. When calling a person’s brother, he is called your brother, and your brother is your brother. To call yourself a brother to others is to say that the brother of the family is the younger brother. When calling a person's sister, she is called your sister, your sister. When she calls herself sister to others, she calls her sister-in-law and sister-in-law. When you meet someone's brother, call him Mr. Ji, or Jixiong, call yourself little brother. When meeting people's sisters, they are collectively called sisters, and they call themselves little brothers. (The book title is called "Servant")
6. When addressing someone's wife, they say "Ling Zheng" or "Zun Madam"; when addressing others, they call their own wife "Zhou Jing" or "Jian Nei". When you meet someone's wife, you call her your sister-in-law and call her your own name. (A woman can call herself sister)
7. A woman calls her husband a certain gentleman in the house, and calls her husband a wife to others. When meeting someone's husband, it is better to avoid addressing someone by calling him Mr. If necessary, just address him as himself.
8. When addressing a person’s son, he calls him son or young master, and when calling a woman’s daughter, she calls her your love, or female master. He calls his son Xiao'er and his daughter Xiaonv. When you see the son of a man, you call him brother, he calls himself younger brother, he calls his daughter sister, you don’t call yourself brother.
9. When calling someone’s grandson or granddaughter, they are called his grandson and his daughter-in-law. When he calls his grandson and his daughter-in-law to others, he calls him Xiaosun, and he calls him little daughter-in-law. When you see someone's grandson and daughter-in-law, you call them son or miss.
10. When addressing a person or a deceased elder, add the character "Xian". For example, when addressing a person as his/her parents, one would say that one should first respect one's wife; if one refers to oneself as one's parents, one would say that one should be strict before being kind, and so on. There is no need to add another word when addressing a person's deceased subordinate, just "my former brother" is enough. When calling someone's late descendant, it is okay to add the word "dead" or "my former brother".
11. Call someone’s uncle-in-law and aunt, and say your uncle-in-law and your aunt. To others, she calls herself aunt-in-law, aunt-in-law. When meeting people's uncles and aunts, they call them old sir and old lady; those who have good friendships can call them old uncle and old aunt.
12. Addressing someone’s uncle or aunt is called your mother’s uncle or your aunt. Addressing others as uncle and aunt, they are called mother-in-law, uncle, and aunt. When you meet someone's uncle and aunt, call them imitation Qian.
13. Addressing someone’s father-in-law and mother-in-law is called Ling Yue Ling’s mother-in-law. When addressing people as parents-in-law, they call them mother-in-law.
When you meet someone's parents-in-law, they will be called as before.
14. Calling a person's nephew is called his nephew. When calling someone's nephew, he is called Ling's nephew. When someone calls his son-in-law, he calls him his son-in-law. When calling yourself nephew, nephew, or son-in-law, I call you my nephew, my nephew, and my son-in-law.
15. When addressing people’s relatives and friends, they call them “relatives” and “noble friends”. To address one's relatives and friends to others is to say that one is giving up one's relatives and friends.
16. A person who is called a teacher is called a Lingshi, and a student is called a Linggaozu. When he calls himself his teacher to others, he calls him his master. He calls himself a poor disciple. He calls himself master, Master or my master. He calls himself a disciple, or a disciple.
17. When addressing someone as an officer, you say you are the chief (academy, department, department, bureau, etc.). When someone is called a subordinate, they are called noble subordinates or noble subordinates. When addressing others, you can address yourself as an officer, as I am a certain chief, as a subordinate, as a colleague, as a colleague, or as a subordinate, and you can also call me a certain surname or position.
18. When you call someone your master, you say you are noble; when you call someone your servant, you say respect. When you address someone as your master, you say "My Lord"; when you address yourself as a servant, you say "Little Price".
(P.S.)
1. The matter of address is very complicated. It is customary in various places, and the names for direct meeting are especially different, so it is difficult to record them. This section only records those commonly used in external communications.
2. Among relatives, the names are very subtle, and every wrong word will cause laughter. This edition is compiled for general use, so it is not reproduced in detail. 6. The names of you, me and him in ancient Chinese
The first person in ancient Chinese: I, I, me, Yu (yu), lonely, widowed. I----In the pre-Qin Dynasty, most people could call themselves "I".
The second person in ancient Chinese: female (ru), you, ruo, Er, nai, Gong, Jun.
The third person in ancient Chinese: Ancient Chinese did not have real third person pronouns, but used the demonstrative pronouns he, zhi, qilai ***.
Friends are called friends in ancient Chinese: friend, friend, disciple, confidant.
Extended information:
Honorific title, also called honorific title, is a title that shows respect to the other party when talking. The words used to express honorific title are called respectful words.
By respect There are three types of parts of speech:
(1) Pronouns used directly to express honorifics, usually monosyllabic words. Commonly used ones include "Ru, Er, Zi, Er, Gong, Jun", etc. All of these can be translated as "you.
(2) Use nouns to replace words to address each other. These words are all two-syllable words. This kind of address has three forms: the general honorific is "Mr. "My son", etc.; you can also use the place where the other party is or the people under your command to represent the other party. Commonly used ones are "Your Majesty, Your Majesty, Your Excellency, Deacon, Right and Left", etc.; there are also people who address the other party respectfully by their official status, such as "King, doctor, general, "Young Master" and so on. These nouns can also be translated as "you". His Majesty is specifically called the monarch and the emperor, and it may not be translated, and the official status may not be translated.
(3) Adjectives are used to refer to the person related to the other party. Character behavior, this kind of word is usually a two-syllable word, the former is an adjective, and the latter is a noun related to the character. Common ones are:
Zun: respect the house, respect the brother, respect the driver, respect the wife
Gao: high friend, high relative, high neighbor, high opinion;
Da: great gift, great work, great honor.