1 Overall Style of China Classical Gardens
China classical gardens are typical representatives of landscape gardens. They are an organic whole and come from nature, but they are superior to nature through careful design and various gardening techniques. In the slow development of China gardens, due to the unique geographical environment, historical and cultural background and aesthetic taste, China gardens have formed their own style and characteristics. Specifically, the characteristics of China gardens are as follows. ：
1. 1 comes from nature and is higher than nature.
The gardens in China belong to the natural landscape type, the designers have feelings in the landscape, and the scenery in the garden also reflects the humanistic feelings. Based on the natural landscape, the exquisite and typical nature, which consists of tortuous water bodies, scattered mountains, circuitous garden roads, rugged rocks and secluded caves, is a concentrated collection of natural scenery in one place.
1.2 organic integration of architectural beauty and natural beauty
The design of China gardens pays attention to the ingenious combination of artificial beauty and natural beauty, so that the whole garden can achieve a high degree of harmony between man and nature, that is, the philosophical realm of "harmony between man and nature". This gardening art of "imitating nature" embodies the naturalization of human beings and the humanization of nature.
1.3 is poetic.
Garden design contains a strong artistic interest from the whole to the part, and some garden designers are directly undertaken by painters, which all reflect the aesthetic characteristics of China traditional painting in the aspects of garden space layout, vegetation setting and rock piling. In addition, the calligraphy works in garden couplets and plaques also conform to this aesthetic taste. Si Tong talked about couplets, plaques and the naming of scenic parks. This also reflects the profound literary connotation and also plays a role in making the finishing point. These comprehensive forms of expression reveal strong poetry, which enables people to appreciate various customs without leaving home, and are subtly influenced by nature and art.
1.4 profound and elegant artistic conception
The classical gardens in China not only created a livable environment by artificial methods, but also expressed the character and cultural connotation of the Chinese nation through visual and literary forms, such as modesty, implication, tranquility and elegance. Let the appreciator in it not only satisfy the visual enjoyment of beauty, but also be inspired in the mind and spirit after appreciation, resulting in a deep realm of borrowing scenery to express emotion.
The above characteristics of China classical gardens are reflected by the designers' following certain aesthetic ideas and humanistic background through all the visual elements involved in the garden structure, from the local details to the overall arrangement.
Two Garden Elements of China Classical Gardens
As a whole, each single garden in China classical gardens contains many elements, and each garden will focus on the elements of garden setting according to the owner's personal aesthetic level and hobbies. But generally speaking, the architecture of China classical gardens generally includes buildings, rocks, water bodies, animals and plants. In the process of gardening, the means used for different elements are different. We study these garden elements in China classical gardens in order to better apply them to modern environmental landscape design.
2. 1 adjust measures to local conditions
According to local conditions, China classical gardens have two meanings. On the one hand, it talks about the overall coordination between architecture and landscape. On the other hand, it is said that the details of plants and rocks as decorations should be consistent with the management of internal and external positions of buildings. In China gardens, buildings are characterized by scattered distribution. Architecture itself is not the main object and center of the whole garden. In addition to meeting the basic functions of rest, residence and entertainment, architecture should also be interspersed and blended with the whole garden so that architecture does not appear abrupt in the landscape garden. This requires the layout of the landscape to meet the needs of the whole, so that the building can be in harmony with the rocks and water bodies in the garden. In addition, in the design of China gardens, many ways of borrowing scenery are adopted, whether it is a few bamboos by the window of Yuelu Academy or the scenery of Beita Temple in Humble Administrator's Garden. These are all factors to be considered in landscape design. Only by adapting measures to local conditions and skillfully drawing lessons from them can we reflect the designer's wonderful ideas.
2.2 Garden water management
China gardens pay attention to "no water, no garden", and it is the existence of water that makes gardens live with water. In China's traditional thought, "the benevolent enjoys Leshan and the wise enjoys water" also makes both the royal gardens in the north and the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River love water as a natural element. "One pool with three mountains" and "Narrow water must be divided" are both important theories about waterscape. For modern environmental landscape design, the purpose of studying water body layout is to learn the characteristics of orderly opening and closing and tortuous changes of water surface in traditional gardens. Adding islands to the water, combined with the layout of plants and terrain, can enrich the spatial level of gardens. In addition, we should pay attention to the dynamic and static changes of water landscape forms. In classical gardens, aquatic plants such as lotus flowers and reeds are planted in ponds or along ponds, and fish are put in water, all in order to increase the connection between elements in the whole park and achieve the combination of dynamic and static.