1. Translation of the classical Chinese text of "De Xing"
The classical Chinese translation of "Shi Shuo Xin Yu De Xing" is as follows: Chen Zhongju's words and actions are the standards for scholars and a model for the world.
When he became an official for the first time, he was determined to revolutionize national politics. When he was appointed as the governor of Yuzhang, as soon as he arrived in the county, he inquired about Xu Ruzi's residence and wanted to visit him first. < /p>
I respect wise people, so why not go to the official office? "Zhou Ziju often said: "I won't see Huang Shudu for a while, and my vulgar and greedy thoughts will grow again." Guo Linzong arrived! In Runan County, I went to visit Yuan Fenggao, but he left after meeting for a while; I went to visit Huang Shudu, but stayed for a day or two. When others asked him why, he said: "Shudu is as wide and deep as a vast lake. It is impossible to clarify or muddy it. His Qi is so deep and wide that it is difficult to measure!" Li Yuanli had an outstanding demeanor. With a dignified character and high self-esteem, he regards it as his own responsibility to promote Confucian ethics and distinguish right from wrong throughout the country.
Those scholars of the younger generation who can obtain his teachings all think that they have ascended to the Dragon Gate. Li Yuanli once praised Xun Shu and Zhong Hao and said: "Xun Jun is so wise that it is difficult for people to surpass him; Zhong Jun has the most beautiful virtues, but they can be learned."
Chen Shi, the magistrate of Taiqiu County, went to visit Xun Shu, the Marquis of Langling. Because his family was poor and frugal, and had no servants to serve him, he asked his eldest son Yuan Fang to drive him off, and his youngest son Ji Fang followed behind with a cane. Grandson Changwen was still young and sat in the car.
When they arrived at Xun's house, Xun Shu asked her uncle Ci to greet the guests, Ciming to serve the guests, and her other six sons to serve the dishes. Grandson Wenruo was still young, so he sat on Xun Shu's lap.
At this time, Taishi reported to the court: "There is a real person going east." Someone asked Chen Jifang: "What merits does your father Taiqiu have to bear such a high reputation in the world?" Ji Fang said: "My father is like a laurel tree growing on the mountainside of Mount Tai. Above is a steep peak with a height of ten thousand feet, and below is an unfathomable abyss. The top of the tree is moistened by dew, and the roots are nourished by spring water. At such a time, how could Guishu know how high Mount Tai is and how deep the abyss is? So I don’t know what merits my father has.”
Chen Yuanfang’s son, Chen Changwen, has outstanding talents. He and Chen Jifang's son Chen Xiaoxian each discussed his father's career and moral character. The two couldn't argue, so they went to ask their grandfather Chen Shi, the chief of Taiqiu. Chen Shi said: "It is difficult for Yuan Fang to be an elder brother, and it is difficult for Ji Fang to be a younger brother."
Ju Bo Xun went to a distant place to visit his friend's illness, and happened to encounter foreign bandits attacking the county. The friend said to Ju Bo: "I can't survive now, you can leave!" Jubo said, "I came all the way to see you, but you told me to leave. Is this what I, Jubo Xun, did in order to survive at the expense of morality?" The robber entered. When he arrived at the county town, he said to Jubo: "The army has arrived, and everyone in the city has fled. What kind of man are you, how dare you stay alone?" Jubo said: "My friend is sick, and I can't bear to leave him. He would rather I die on behalf of my friend." The robbers heard this and said to each other, "We are unjust people, but we invade a moral place!" So they withdrew the army, and the whole city was saved.
Hua Xin treated his children very seriously. Even at home, the etiquette was as solemn and solemn as in the court. Brother Chen Yuanfang, however, tried his best to practice harmony and friendship.
However, neither family has lost the principles of harmony and peace. Guan Ning and Hua Xin were digging the ground to plant vegetables in the vegetable garden together. When they saw a small piece of gold on the ground, Guan Ning ignored it and picked it up with a hoe, just like removing tiles and rocks. Hua Xin picked up the gold and threw it away.
Another time, the two of them were sitting at the same table reading, and a dignitary passed by the door in a car. Guan Ning continued to study, but Hua Xin put down his book and ran out to read. Guan Ning cut the mat, separated the seats, and said, "You are not my friend."
Wang Lang often praised Hua Xin for his knowledge and magnanimity. Hua Xin once gathered his sons and nephews together for a banquet on the day of the wax festival, and Wang Lang also followed his example.
Someone mentioned this to Zhang Hua, and Zhang Hua said: "Wang Lang studied Hua Xin, but he only learned superficial things, so he became farther and farther away from Hua Xin.
"Hua Xin and Wang Lang took a boat to escape together. A man wanted to take their boat. Hua Xin immediately expressed embarrassment about the request.
Wang Lang said: "Fortunately, the boat is still wide, why not? Later, when the robbers came after him, Wang Lang wanted to get rid of the boatman. Hua Xin said, "That's why I hesitated at first."
You have already agreed to his request, how can you abandon him just because the situation is urgent! " So he still took and helped him. The world judged the merits of Hua Xin and Wang Lang based on this incident.
Wang Xiang was very careful in serving his stepmother, Mrs. Zhu. There was a plum tree in his home, which bore plums. It was so good that his stepmother always sent him to look after him.
Sometimes when a storm suddenly came, Wang Xiang would hug the tree and cry. Once, Wang Xiang was sleeping in another bed, and his stepmother went to assassinate him. When Wang Xiang came back and went out at night, he saw that his stepmother was deeply regretful, so he knelt down in front of his stepmother and begged him to be executed. From then on, he loved him as his own son.
King Wen of Jin praised Ruan Sizong as the most cautious. Whenever he talked to him, his words were very profound and he never commented on other people's shortcomings. : “Having been with Ji Kang for twenty years, I have never seen him express emotions of joy or anger. "
Wang Rong and He Qiao lost their mothers at the same time, and both were praised for their filial piety. Wang Rong was as skinny as a stick, while He Qiao cried mournfully and showed thoughtful etiquette.
Emperor Wu of Jin said to Liu Zhongxiong: "Do you often visit Wang Rong and He Qiao? I heard that He Qiao was too grieved and went beyond the rules of etiquette, which is really worrying. "Zhong Xiong said: "Although He Qiao was polite and thoughtful, his mental state was not damaged; although Wang Rong was not polite, he was too sad and hurt his body and became as thin as a stick.
I believe that He Qiao is a filial piety in life and Wang Rong is a filial piety in death. Your Majesty should not worry about He Qiao, but should worry about Wang Rong. "
King Liang and King Zhao were close relatives of the emperor, and they were very noble. Zhongshu ordered Pei Kai to ask their two feudal states to allocate millions of tax dollars every year to help the poor among the emperor's relatives. People.
Some people accused him and said: "Why do you ask people for money to do good things? Pei Kai said: "It is natural law to use the surplus to subsidize those in need." Wang Rong said: "The Taibao are in their prime years and are not the kind of people who are good at talking."
Wait until you talk to him. 2. How to translate the classical Chinese text of "Shishuo Xinyu·Virtue First"
1. Translation of "Shishuo Xinyu·Virtue First" in classical Chinese:
Hua Xin and Wang Lang rode together The boat escapes. There was a man who wanted to take a boat (on the way), and Hua Xin felt very embarrassed. Wang Lang said: "(The boat) happens to be very loose, why don't you agree?" Later, the rebels caught up, and Wang Lang wanted to abandon the person he was carrying. Hua Xin said: "The reason why I was hesitant before was because I considered this situation. Now that I have accepted him, can I abandon him because of the emergency?" So he still carried out the rescue of this person as before. The world uses this incident to judge the merits of Hua Xin and Wang Lang.
2. Original text in classical Chinese:
Hua Xin and Wang Lang were both taking refuge in a boat. There was a man who wanted to rely on him, but Xin was in trouble. Lang said: "Fortunately, I am still generous, why not?" Later, the thieves came after him, and the king wanted to leave the people he was carrying. Xin said: "The reason why I was suspicious was because of this. Now that I have accepted my trust, why would I rather abandon the evil in a hurry?" Then he carried the rescue as before. This is how the world determines the merits and demerits of kings.
3. Introduction to the article:
"De Xing" is the first chapter of Liu Yiqing's "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" in the Southern Dynasties. It describes the gentry class figures from the late Han Dynasty to the Eastern Jin Dynasty who thought it was worth learning and could Good moral conduct as a guideline and normative speech and action. It covers a wide range of topics and is rich in content, reflecting the moral values ??of the time from different aspects and angles. 3. How to say a moral person in ancient Chinese
(1) Gentleman: generally refers to a person with noble personality.
(2) Sage: The collective name of saint and sage; also refers to a person with noble moral character and extraordinary intelligence.
(3) Sage: refers to the person with the noblest moral character and the highest wisdom; sometimes it also specifically refers to Confucius.
(4) Sage: A person with both ability and political integrity.
(5) Great man: A respected person with outstanding achievements.
(6) Giant: a great man; a person who is far more outstanding and outstanding than others.
(7) Magi: A person with noble aspirations and outstanding talents.
(8) Gaoshi: A person with noble aspirations and conduct; a person who is detached from the world, mostly refers to a hermit.
(9) Gaoren: A person with noble thoughts and actions; a person with wise words and actions.
(10) Virtue: kind virtue; a virtuous person. 4. Quietness cultivates one's self-cultivation, and frugality cultivates virtue Translation (Classical Chinese)
The meaning of these two sentences is: to improve one's self-cultivation through tranquility, and to cultivate one's own character through frugality.
From: "The Book of Commandments" by Zhuge Liang of the Three Kingdoms
Excerpt from the original text:
When a husband and a gentleman go on a journey, they should be quiet to cultivate their moral character and be frugal to cultivate their virtues. Without indifference, there is no clear ambition; without tranquility, there is no far-reaching goal. The husband must be quiet to study, and the talent must study. Without learning, there is no way to expand talents; without ambition, there is no way to achieve learning. If you are impatient and slow, you will not be able to stimulate your essence, and if you are dangerous and impetuous, you will not be able to cure your nature. Years go with the times, thoughts go with the sun, and they become withered and withered. Many people do not take on the world, and they stay in the poor house with sadness. How will they be able to get back to you!
Interpretation:
The behavior and ethics of a gentleman use tranquility to improve his self-cultivation, and use frugality to cultivate his character. If you are not calm and have few desires, you cannot understand your ambitions, and if you do not eliminate external interference, you cannot achieve grand goals. You must immerse yourself in learning, and ability comes from learning. Therefore, without learning, you cannot increase your ability, and without ambition, you cannot make learning effective.
If you indulge in laziness, you will not be able to work hard, and if you are impatient and take risks, you will not be able to cultivate your temperament. Time flies with time, and will passes with time. In the end, they become desolate and desolate. Most of them have no contact with the world and are not used by society. They can only sit sadly and guard the lack of housing. How can there be time to regret at that time?
Extended information
Creation background and appreciation:
This article was written in the 12th year of Jianxing of the Shu Han Dynasty. It was written by Zhuge Liang in his old age to his eight-year-old son. A letter from Zhuge Zhan. Zhuge Liang served his country wholeheartedly and dedicated his whole life. He worked day and night for the cause of the Shu Han family, and he did not bother to teach his descendants personally, so he wrote this admonishment letter to warn his son Zhuge Zhan.
This "Book of Commandments" not only explains the ways and methods of self-cultivation, but also points out the relationship between determination and learning; it not only explains the importance of tranquility and indifference, but also points out the indulgence, neglect, The dangers of extreme impatience. Zhuge Liang not only had strict requirements on his sons in terms of general principles and was persuasive, but he also showed his subtle care for his children in some specific matters.
The main purpose of "The Book of Commandments to Sons" is to encourage sons to study diligently and be determined, to cultivate their moral character and cultivate their character through indifference and tranquility, and to avoid laziness and impatience. The article summarizes the experience of being a person and studying, focusing on the word "quiet", and at the same time attributes failure to the word "impetuous", which is in sharp contrast.
About the author
Zhuge Liang (181-October 8, 234), courtesy name Kongming and nickname Wolong, was a native of Yangdu, Langya, Xuzhou (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong). The Prime Minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period, he was an outstanding statesman, militarist, diplomat, writer, calligrapher, and inventor.
Zhuge Liang's representative prose works include "Chu Shi Biao" and "Book of Commandments". He invented the wooden cow and flowing horse, the Kongming lantern, etc., and modified the repeating crossbow, called the Zhuge repeating crossbow, which can fire ten arrows with one crossbow. Zhuge Liang "dedicated his life to death" and was a representative figure of loyal ministers and wise men in traditional Chinese culture.