I. Accumulation and application (30 points)
1. Among the following words, the one with complete and correct phonetic notation is () (3 points)
A. Narrow (y) people (mǐn) dike (yú) coffee (kā)
B. Dead (xn) Contract (QI) Surrounding Air (r o) Piston (Se)
C. piling up high (Lu), puzzling (Ji), scrutinizing (tuí), despising (pǐ)
D. Learning-weariness (juàn) logic (luó) strategy (zhēn) kindness (hu)
2. There are no typos in the following groups of words: () (3 points)
A. self-defeating, too light, afraid of repetition.
B. Not sensitive to misinformation, thinking about moving once and for all
C. If you try to do a heavy burden and practice, you will be beautiful and strive for perfection.
D. Tired, indifferent and compassionate people get what they want.
3. In the following sentences, the idiom is improperly used () (3 points)
A. At the moment of life, some people focus on once and for all, while others just muddle along.
B. If you want to occupy a place in the highly competitive market and the same industry, only by striving for perfection can you surpass yourself, innovate constantly and finally achieve the set goals.
C. on the way to work, I think, it seems that many things are counterproductive. The more we think about it, the more we will eventually go in the opposite direction.
D. how many people, after a long journey on the road of life, will have a heavy load in their hearts. Only by leaving behind the heavy burden and getting rid of it will there be a better future.
4. In the following paragraphs, there is a wrong phrase in every underlined sentence. Please correct it as required. (4 points)
(1) When the Chinese nation is in danger, the producers of China * * * uphold the national justice and shoulder the historical responsibility of saving the nation from extinction, calling for the establishment of an anti-Japanese national united front based on ethnic cooperation to resist Japanese aggression and expel Japanese aggressors. In the face of the brutal aggression of the Japanese invaders, all ethnic groups, classes, political parties, social organizations, patriots from all walks of life, compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas Chinese in China United as one and devoted themselves to this great struggle concerning the survival of the nation.
(1) The reason of the first sentence is _ _ _ _ _. Revised proposal:
(2) The reason for the second sentence is _ _ _ _ _ _, and it is suggested to modify it:
5. The following statement is incorrect () (3 points)
A. In Memory of Bethune describes Bethune's unusual experience of coming to China not far from Wan Li, highly praises his spirit of internationalism, altruism and superb medical skills, and calls on people to learn from him.
B. Wang Li's "Talking about Language" illustrates the argument that "Chinese should be standardized" from many aspects.
C. In Bitterness and Happiness, Liang Qichao expounded his views on pain and happiness with layers of in-depth argumentation thinking: not fulfilling one's responsibilities is the greatest pain in life, and fulfilling one's responsibilities is the greatest happiness in life.
D "The Wisdom of Laziness" illustrates a truth with a series of facts: the "laziness" feeling of hating hardships encourages invention; The laziness of mental work to find shortcuts has promoted human progress.
6. (Fuzhou Senior High School Entrance Examination) It is most appropriate to summarize the following paragraphs () (3 points)
Only when a person is responsible for his own life and has established his own life goals and beliefs can he consciously choose and assume his responsibilities to others and society. As Goethe said, "Responsibility is to have a love for what you ask yourself to do." Because of this love, due diligence itself becomes a realization of the meaning of life, from which we can get spiritual satisfaction. On the contrary, I can't imagine how a person who doesn't love life can love others and his own career, and how a person who goes with the flow in life can firmly assume the responsibilities in life. The actual situation is often that such people either regard their due diligence as a burden imposed on them by the outside world and reluctantly bear it, or regard the return as pure pay.
A. Have your own goals and beliefs in life.
B. Responsibility is to love what you are asked to do.
C. Being responsible for one's own life is the root of all other responsibilities.
D. Conscientiousness is the realization of the meaning of life and spiritual satisfaction.
7. read famous books. (4 points)
I handed him a pistol, told him not to wear it on his belt, and told him to bring three rifles. I brought a pistol and three other rifles myself. When I got dressed, we set off. I put a small bottle of sugarcane wine in my pocket and asked him to bring a big bag with spare gunpowder and bullets. I told him to stay close behind me, don't move, don't shoot and don't talk nonsense. After the deployment, I made a detour to the right for nearly a mile, so as to cross the river into the Woods, so that I could enter the range unnoticed, and according to my telescope, it was really easy.
(1) The above passage is from the famous book _ _ _ _ _ _ _, in which "he" refers to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (a person's name). (2 points)
(2) From this passage, we can see that "I" is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (2 points)
8. An oral communication activity of "I love aphorisms" will be held in the eighth grade 1 class of a school. Please actively participate in and complete the following tasks. (8 points)
(1) What preparations do you think should be made for this activity? (at least 2 items) (2 points)
(2) In the "I show myself" session, students enthusiastically explain their favorite aphorisms. The motto you choose is:
The reasons for choosing are: (3 points)
(3) The following is a classmate's speech. Modify the underlined sentences to make the context form a parallelism sentence. (2 points)
We are the masters of youth, so we should always remind ourselves that courage is the horn, so that the watchers are full of confidence; It is like a tonic to give people strength, which makes many depressed people regain their vitality; It is also a torrent rushing forward, pushing the hesitant people to move forward bravely.
Second, reading comprehension (40 points)
(1) Read the following and complete the topic. (14)
Be a Chinese character inheritor
There are four ancient Chinese characters in the world, and only Chinese characters have survived and are still enduring. In fact, the development of Chinese characters is not smooth sailing. It once faced the challenge of "Latinization" and the challenge of computers ... but facts tell us that Chinese characters, which have carried thousands of years of human civilization, have tenacious vitality. But at present, Chinese characters still face challenges. As a result of human wisdom, Chinese characters have not received due respect; As a tool of cultural inheritance, Chinese characters have not been carefully maintained. There are many noticeable problems in the education and application of Chinese characters.
(2) such as fuzzy words. Different from Pinyin, each square character has its own unique word theory, and the study of word theory has become a science, which is "primary school", that is, philology. Almost all our senior intellectuals have been influenced by philology. Chen Duxiu once wrote the "Primary School Literacy Reader" in prison; After listening to Zhang Taiyan's explanation of Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Lu Xun wrote an insightful Talk on Foreign Languages. Guo Moruo is an expert in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. However, there seems to be no "truth" in today's literacy education, and philology has long been expelled from the classroom. Students only know how to create words, but they don't know the truth of creating words. This is why people often write "turned upside down" as "turned upside down", "spread like wildfire" as "indifferent" and "indifferent to human life" as "indifferent to human life".
Another example is the disorder of pronunciation. Chinese characters are a combination of sound, form and meaning, and accurate pronunciation is the basic requirement for mastering Chinese characters. Some people treat pronunciation as a joke, and scholars can read half of it, which has existed since ancient times and is fierce today. As a result, "dental caries" became "Y-shaped teeth" and "proximal" became "pín proximal". The word "Shuo" in Persuasion is pronounced as "Shu" in the dictionary and "Shu" in the spoken language, but it has been deliberately changed to "Shu" by many TV hosts.
(4) Another example is the anomie of form. The shape of Chinese characters has a process of evolution, which basically matured after the "official change" in the Han Dynasty, and formed a social consciousness from strokes to structures. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, through the conscious reform of writing, the writing has clear normative requirements, but these norms have not been well followed. Bobo's left side is often written as "ladle", and the bottom of Master Kang is written as "water". Even some computer fonts are wrong as soon as they are typed. For example, the upper right corner of the word "false" in geometry is mistaken for the word "several" and the right half of the word "lung" is mistaken for the word "city". At that time, it was the era of lead platoon, and the fonts of printing houses had to be strictly examined by experts. Nowadays, computer fonts go their own way, and no one asks if there is any mistake, which has caused a blind spot in cultural management.
(5) the degradation of writing. There are nearly two thousand kinds of characters in the world, and only Chinese characters have formed a unique writing art-calligraphy. Writing has always been the basic skill of cultural people. Look at the writers since the May 4th Movement. Who is not good at writing? "Mo Bao" was once a very popular word. But I don't know when Chinese writing was marginalized. Jiang Nanxiang, then Minister of Education, once said: "I am most afraid of two things: one is the face of a Beijing salesman, and the other is the handwriting of a China college student."
Chinese characters are the cultural treasures of our nation. Chinese characters can exist today without the efforts of generations of Chinese characters. Now the baton of Chinese characters has arrived in our hands. As the descendants of Chinese characters, it is our historical responsibility to face up to the living status of Chinese characters, improve their cultural status and make them bloom more brilliantly.
(This article has been deleted)
9. Tell the structure of this article. (2 points)
10. In the second paragraph, I quoted the cases of Chen Duxiu, Lu Xun and Guo Moruo. What kind of views do you want to express? (3 points)
1 1. Read paragraph (5) and say two methods of argument used in underlined sentences. (3 points)
1 2. "Shake the prosperity of the motherland and defend Tai 'an in Kyoto". This is a thank-you letter on the banner presented by the Palace Museum to the Beijing Public Security Bureau. There are typos on it, please point them out and correct them. As a place to study ancient cultural relics and ancient Chinese characters, the Forbidden City even wrote typos. If you put this example in the text, which paragraph do you think is the most appropriate? (2 points)
13. According to the article, what can we do as descendants of Chinese characters? (4 points)
(2) (Anhui Senior High School Entrance Examination) Read the following article and complete the questions. ( 1 1)
The attitude and spirit of scholars
Zong Baihua
1 I have always admired the attitude of ancient Indian scholars and the spirit of medieval European scholars.
(2) What is the attitude of ancient Indian scholars? Their attitude is: absolute obedience to truth and fierce sacrifice to prejudice.
There are nearly one hundred schools of ancient Indian theory. As you can imagine, they argue fiercely with each other, but their attitude of argument is very striking. Before the debate, debaters often declare, "If you lose the debate, you will commit suicide to repay it, or turn to your disciples for help." After the debate, the loser of the debate did not commit suicide immediately, but immediately turned to be a disciple, never making excuses, never shirking, and there was no unreasonable abuse, and the phenomenon of digressing his words was like the normal state of my China scholars. Do you appreciate this attitude? This is really "only knowing the truth, not knowing prejudice"! This is the attitude of ancient Indian scholars, and I hope the new scholars in China will also hold this attitude.
(4) What was the spirit of European scholars in the Middle Ages? Their spirit is that they would rather sacrifice their lives than the truth.
(5) It is not uncommon for scholars in medieval Europe to set themselves on fire in prison for inventing and supporting the truth. The pain they suffered when they sacrificed their lives for the truth is very worthless to China scholars. But the fact is so clear! Humans evolved because of this! What is the temporary life and pain of a scholar? The heart of a scholar only knows the value of truth, but not the value of life. This is the real "scholar spirit"!
In short, the responsibility of scholars is to seek truth, and truth is the first life of scholars. Self-prejudice and external forces are the enemies of truth. The tool to resist this enemy is the attitude of ancient Indian scholars to obey the truth and sacrifice prejudice; Medieval European scholars supported the truth and sacrificed their lives. This attitude, this spirit, is exactly what we new scholars in China should have!
(Selected from "Hundred Years of Ancient Chinese Literature", with changes)
Note 1 avoid the important words: if you deliberately avoid the topic because of lack of arguments.
14. The following division of the article structure level, the correct one is () (2 points)
A.①②③/④⑤/⑥b .①/②③④⑤/⑥
C.①/②③/④⑤⑥D.①②/③④⑤/⑥
15. Judging from the underlined sentences in paragraph ③, if the debate fails, what will be the "normality" of China scholars? (2 points)
16. When talking about the spirit of European medieval scholars in paragraph 5, what is the role of "China scholars"? Please analyze it. (4 points)
17. Summarize the main points of the article. (3 points)
(3) (Heze Senior High School Entrance Examination) Read the following and complete the topic. (15)
Good thing, get things done.
He Peng Fei
We often put the cart before the horse. When we screw up something, we will say that it is too difficult to do, so we didn't do it well. And is it difficult to do one thing, or are we not doing it well? Nobody knows. The correct concept is: do things well, even if it is difficult; Things are not done well, even if they are done well, it is difficult to do it.
When I met a subordinate I haven't seen for a long time, I asked with concern, "What are you doing now?" He replied, "I open a small shop now, but it's really difficult to do." He then asked, "Mr. He, do you know anything better to do?" I want to find something easier to do. "I'm speechless.
I am speechless because there is nothing to do, nothing easy and nothing easy in the world. But why do most people think so? They are looking for good things to do every day. Many people have searched for a lifetime and found nothing, in exchange for a lifetime of waste!
I have heard a doctor tell the next generation to study dermatology and never be a surgeon, because plastic surgery is popular, money is easy to earn and there is no risk, and surgeons are too hard and risky. I also heard that a pair of parents want their children to be teachers, not to teach talents in the world, but to collect tuition fees, so that their retirement life is comfortable and relaxed. This is actually a sad statement. If the whole society chooses the easy things to do, who will do the difficult things? How will society become eager for quick success? Regardless of social welfare, from a personal point of view, it is natural to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, but the question is, can you really get the best result by blindly looking for good things to do?
I personally don't believe this statement. I don't believe there is anything easy to do in the world, let alone easy to make money, and there is no simple business! I don't believe in "well done", I only believe in "well done". Because there is nothing to do in the world, whatever you can do well will have a good result in the end.
6. It is a cognitive mistake for a person to just find something to do well. I can't find it all my life, and the result will only be a tall, unattainable and unrealistic criticism.
⑦ Finding good things to do is the thinking of smart people. Use them wisely and go quickly. Choosing one thing and doing it thoroughly is a stupid choice, an idiot's thinking, some stupid and some persistent.
⑧ The "easy" road is bustling and crowded with people, and everyone is crowded together. Even if there is something good to do, someone will beat you to it. Even if you have a chance to meet them, in a short time, the people who follow them are crowded. Once everyone jumps in and does it, the easy things become difficult.
Pet-name ruby "do" this road, fewer participants, because not many stupid people. But because it is done well, it depends on coolies and endurance, and once it is done well, it is not easy for others to follow the toddler even if they smell the fragrance.
Participating in "doing well" instead of "doing well" is the key to the success of today's competitive society. Don't hesitate, don't look for it, and don't ask that stupid question: are you good?
18. What phenomenon does the author comment on? (2 points)
19. In paragraph (4), what does the added "this" mean? Please give a brief answer. (2 points)
20. Replace the underlined sentence in the third paragraph with a declarative sentence: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (3 points)
2 1. The problem mentioned in this paper ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ The syllogism adopts the structure of _ _ _ _ _ _, in which paragraph ⑦ discusses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, paragraph 9 discusses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (5 points)
22. Combined with the full text, talk about your understanding of the sentence in paragraph (10) that "in today's highly competitive society, the key to success is to do well, not to do badly". (3 points)
Three. Writing (50 points)
22. Read the following materials carefully and write them from your own point of view.
When Socrates was a bachelor, he lived with a few friends in a room of only seven or eight square meters, and he was always cheerful all day. Someone was surprised and asked Socrates, "There are so many people crowded in a small room that it is inconvenient to get in and out.". What cola do you have? " Socrates said, "Isn't it a great pleasure that friends often get together and can exchange ideas and feelings at any time?" After a while, friends got married and moved out one after another. Socrates was left alone in the hut, but he was still happy every day. The man asked again, "Now that you are alone, how can you still be happy?" Socrates said, "I have many books! A book is a teacher. There are so many teachers that you can ask them for advice at any time. How can this be unpleasant! "
In fact, as long as we think about the problem from another angle, everyone can reap the happiness that Socrates can harvest. Everyone can make the flowers of bright mood bear rich and happy fruits.
Requirements: ① Self-defined style; 2 topic self-made; (3) the handwriting is neat; ④ About 600 words.
Reference answer
1.d (Analysis: the word "Tong" in item A should be "ài" and the word "Wei" should be "wé i"; In item B, the word "around" should be "Rao" and the word "plug" should be "Sā i"; The word "push" in item C should be "tu τ" and "despicable" should be "bǐ". )
2.a (analysis: the "discussion" in item b should be "different"; The word "try" in item C should be "explain"; "Return" in item D should be "Reverse". )3.D
4.4. At the end of the sentence (1), add "great responsibility". (2) If the subject is missing, delete "facing" or "manufacturing".
5.b (analysis: expounded the argument that "written language should be the norm of spoken language". )
6.C
7.( 1) Robinson Crusoe Friday (2) A bold, cautious and thoughtful person.
8.( 1) Example: ① Collect some favorite aphorisms; (2) Prepare the outline of the speech in advance; (3) The speech should be full of passion and as interesting as possible. (2) Asking "why" can increase your understanding. Asking more "why not" may bring a breakthrough. I like this sentence because it tells us the importance of asking more questions. Asking more questions can change a person's life. (3) Courage is a tonic, which revives people who are depressed. Courage is a torrent, which makes those who hesitate go forward bravely.
9. Total score (or total score)
10. Almost all our senior intellectuals have been influenced by philology.
1 1. Demonstrate with examples, comparisons or reasons (or quotations)
12. Change "shake" to "keep"; It is most appropriate to put it in the second paragraph.
13. Example: ① Seriously study the pronunciation, morphology and morphology of Chinese characters; ② Standardize the use of Chinese characters; ③ Inheriting the art of writing Chinese characters; ④ Do a good job in publicity and popularization.
14.B
15. Create sophistry, avoidance, unreasonable abuse, digression, and other branches.
16. The reference to "China scholars" is a comparison with medieval European scholars, which highlights the spirit of medieval European scholars that "it is better to die than to die" and implies that "China scholars" lack this spirit.
17. China's new scholars, like ancient Indian scholars and medieval European scholars, should undertake the responsibility of seeking truth and regard truth as the first kind of life.
18. Some people blindly look for things that are easy to do without "doing well" the selected things.
1 9. Doctors' warnings and parents' statements.
20. There is nothing to do, nothing to be easy, and nothing to ask.
2 1. The total score is to find something to do well, smart, shortcut and wrong choice. Choosing one thing and doing it well by coolies and endurance is the right choice.
22. Example: Only by giving up what you are looking for and "doing well" what you choose can you succeed in a highly competitive society.
23. the composition is abbreviated.