Liu Cong, whose name is Xuanming, is Liu Zai, whose birth year is unknown. He died in the first year of Emperor Taixing of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (318). Xinxing (now Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province) Huns. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Han was the monarch. Liu Cong, the fourth son of Liu Yuan, the pioneer of the Huns' Han Dynasty, was intelligent and eager to learn since childhood, with a high degree of sinicization. At the age of 14, he had learned the history of Confucian classics and learned a hundred schools of thought, especially the art of war of Sun Wu, be adept at. He is also good at calligraphy, poetry and fu, and has more than 1 poems and more than 5 poems. Liu Cong is skilled in martial arts. At the age of 15, he began to learn fencing, riding and shooting. Both civil and military skills were excellent, and he was indeed a rare talent at that time. So Taiyuan celebrity Wang Hun once said to Liu Yuan; "This child can't be found." When Liu Cong was young, he often traveled to Liu Cong, the capital of Luoyang, and made friends with celebrities and heroes. He was turned into the main book by the newly-emerging satrap Guo Yi, which was the beginning of Liu Cong's political career. Later, he was gradually promoted to Sima, the other department of Xiaoqi, and a captain, the right department of Xiongnu. After the Eight Kings Rebellion broke out, he first served as a corps commander in Chisha, Wang Sima, a river stream, and then returned to Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu, where he was worshipped as a right-handed crossbow general and took part in the vanguard war. In the fourth year of Yongjia (31), after the death of Liu Yuan, the monarch of Xiongnu Han Dynasty, he was succeeded by Prince Liu He, and Liu Cong killed Liu He to stand on his own feet, and changed to Yuan Guangxing. Liu Yuan's wife Shan Shi was the Empress Dowager, her mother Zhang was the Empress Dowager, Liu Yi was the Emperor Taidi, she was the Empress of Da Shan Yu and Da Situ, and her wife Hu Yan was the Empress, and her son Liu Xie was the general of Fujun, who was in charge of all Chinese and foreign military affairs. During the reign of Liu Cong, it was the most prosperous period of Xiongnu Han State, and he made some achievements in politics and military affairs. In the fifth year of Yongjia (311), Liu Cong ordered former army general Hu Yanyan to attack Luoyang, the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty, with 27, soldiers. After 12 wars, the Jin soldiers were defeated and more than 3, people died. Then Liu Yao, Wang Mi and Schleswig attacked Luoyang, killed 3, princes and officials in the Western Jin Dynasty, captured Sima Chi, Emperor Huai of Jin Dynasty, and escorted him to Pingyang, the capital of Han Dynasty (now Linfen City, Shanxi Province). Liu Cong made Huaidi the Duke of Huiji County. After Luoyang was breached, some ministers in the Western Jin Dynasty took Sima Ye, the former king of Qin, as the prince and set up CCB in Chang 'an. At that time, most of the gentry in the Central Plains went south to the south of the Yangtze River, where Si Marui established political power, while only Liu Kun, the secretariat of Bingzhou, and Wang Jun, the secretariat of Youzhou, stayed in the Central Plains to confront the regime of Xiongnu Han State. At that time, most of the northern states were under the rule of Liu Cong, and Liu Cong ordered Schleswig to preside over the military affairs of the four states of Hebei, Youyou, Binhe and Yingying, and named Schleswig as Shangdang (now Changzhi City, Shanxi Province). Soon, Liu Cong first attacked Liu Kun in Jinyang (south of Taiyuan, Shanxi).
when Liu Kun first arrived in Jinyang, he was very ambitious and had some achievements. However, he was born in the gentry, luxurious and indulgent in nature, indulged in debauchery and debauchery, had a deep habit and was not good at employing people. Therefore, Jinyang was quickly attacked by the Han military offensive. At that time, Liu Kun's subordinate was Xu Runzhe, who knew all about music and was appreciated by Liu Kun. He was appointed as Jinyang Order. After Xu Run's favor, he often slandered Linghu Sheng, the general of Fenwei, in front of Liu Kun, and Liu Kun killed Linghu Sheng without asking indiscriminately. After Ling Husheng was killed for no reason, his son Hu Ling Mud joined Liu Cong, and Liu Cong took Hu Ling Mud as a guide and ordered Liu Xie and Liu Yao to lead an army to attack Jinyang. After Liu Kun heard the news, he rushed to ask for soldiers from Tuoba Yaolu, Xianbei. Although Yaolu sent reinforcements, he has not yet arrived in Jinyang. Liu Kun Taiyuan satrap Gaucho and Bing don't drive Hao Wei to surrender to the city. Liu Cong has made Jinyang Town.
in the first year of Emperor Jian Xing (313), Liu Cong killed Sima Chi, Emperor Huai of Jin Dynasty, in Pingyang. The news spread to Chang 'an, and Sima Ye was the emperor. After the emperor ascended the throne, he decided to launch a general offensive against the Xiongnu Han State and recover the Central Plains. Emperor Hao ordered Si Marui, the king of Langya, to preside over the military affairs in eastern Shaanxi, and sent three armies to attack the Han State. On the east road, Si Marui led 2, troops to attack Luoyang, on the west road, Sima Bao led 3, troops from the three states of Qin, Liang and Yong to attack the periphery of Chang 'an, and on the north road, a hundred thousand troops from two states attacked Pingyang. In January of this year, Liu Kun of North Road and Lu Yi of Xianbei decided to attack Pingyang by imperial edict. The crusade army of North Road was divided into two parts, one was led by Liu Kun himself to attack Xiping (now west of Linfen City, Shanxi Province) in the south, and the other was led by Lu Yi to attack Pingyang. When Liu Cong heard the news, he dispatched the main force to defend Pingyang, and ordered Liu Xie, the general of the Han Dynasty, to stop Liu Kun, Liu Yi, the general of a title of generals in ancient times, to stop attacking Yi Lu, and Lan Yang, the general of Dangjin, to help defend Xiping. Under the strict guard of the Han army, the two armies of the North Road, Liu Kun and Yi Lu, were blocked and forced to withdraw. The attack of the East and West armies of Emperor Chen of Jin was also forced to stop because of Si Marui's refusal to send troops. The last large-scale offensive organized by the Western Jin Dynasty against the Xiongnu Han State was aborted.
Shortly thereafter, Liu Cong took Schleswig as the secretariat of Bingzhou, and in Bingzhou, the two secretariat of Schleswig and Liu Kun were confronted and separated. Schleswig defeated Wang Jun, the secretariat of Youzhou, and Liu Kun, the secretariat of Shanxi and Bingzhou, successively through the strategy of disintegration and divide-and-conquer. After Wang Jun was killed and Liu Kun was defeated, he went to Xianbei Duanpi (Hao). At this point, the forces of the Western Jin Dynasty, which were deep and remote, Hebei and United, were basically eliminated. In the fourth year of lite (316), Liu Cong sent Liu Yao to finally capture Chang 'an, and the Western Jin Dynasty surrendered and was moved to Pingyang, and the Western Jin Dynasty perished. During Liu Cong's reign, the system of officials in the Xiongnu Han State was re-established. In addition to the old system adopted by Liu Yuan at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, a set of local administrative system was established, in which more than 2, left and right officials were assigned, 1, households were assigned a civil history, and * * * was assigned a civil history of 43 to rule * *. There is also a big single, and there are left and right assistants under the big single, each with 61, troops and 1, troops. Liu Cong took Liu Xie as the prime minister, led the general and conferred the title of King Jin, and Liu Yao, the king of Zhongshan, was the fu. The administrative organization established by Liu Cong is formally Cao Cao's inheritance and wide-ranging application of the five-part rule of Xiongnu, but in fact it is very different. Liu Cong's 1-official organizational system still preserves the function of Da Khan, whose position is second only to that of the emperor, and most of them are the successors of the throne. Although Liu's ruling organization also absorbed some * * *, the power was basically in the hands of Xiongnu nobles, and his rule was particularly brutal. When evaluating this regime, the author of the Book of Jin said: "Although Shile was called a vassal, Wang Mi worked for it, and it was finally a state of barbarians, and the position of monarch and minister was not distinguished." Although Liu Cong conquered Luoyang and Chang 'an and destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty, the places he actually controlled were not more than Taihang in the east, Song and Luo in the south, Longban in the west and Fenjin in the north. In the Central Plains, Cao Ben was ruled by Qing and Qi, Shile by Hebei, and Xianbei by Tuoba by North, all on their own, and the area under Liu Cong's jurisdiction was very limited. In this case, it was very difficult for the Han State to expand, and Liu Cong himself was dissolute and cruel in the later period of his rule, so the situation became increasingly weak.
after the capture of Luoyang, Liu Cong made Liu Yin, the two women of Taibao, as the left and right ladies. Liu Yinben is a close relative of Liu Cong, so Liu Cong married Liu Yinzhi's daughter, which made him feel a little embarrassed, and he was also afraid of causing dissatisfaction among the imperial nobles. So he first explored the ministers. Liu Yannian, the Taizai, made up a set of lies for him, saying: I often heard from Taibao Liu Yin that he was the surname of Emperor Liu Kanggong of Zhou, but although he had the same surname as the Holy Family, his origins were different, so it was just as well for marriage. Li Hong, a great scholar, also cited JI Wang's marriage to the daughter of Wang Shen of Taiyuan in Wei and Jin Dynasties as an example, saying that the marriage with the same surname is well documented. In this way, Liu Cong freely worshiped Liu Dian's two daughters as nobles, and then took Liu Diansun's four daughters as nobles. Since then, Liu Cong has appointed two women, Jin Zhun, as the left and right nobles, the big one as the moonlight and the small one as the moonlight, and later made two women, Fan Shi, Liu and Jin, as the upper, left and right queens. After four brief introduction of Liu Cong, there are seven people who wear the Queen's seal. Liu Cong indulged in the palace, ignoring political affairs, often went out to hunt and watch fish, or played harem with the palace people day and night. When the court had something to do, it was decided by Wang Shen and others, which led to the failure of active ministers to be hired, while the good villain jumped to two thousand stones in a few days. The war continued year after year, and there was no reward for the soldiers who went out to war, but the reward for the harem attendants was tens of millions. Inside and outside the imperial court, flattery is advancing day by day, bribery is public, discipline is corrupt, and it can't be cleaned up.
At that time, there was another plague of locusts in Hedong, and Pingyang was hungry and miserable. Five or six out of ten people died of desertion, more than 2, people fled to Shile, and more than 1, people from the Di and Qiang ethnic groups fled. In the first year of Jianwu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317), Liu Xie rebelled with Jin Zhun and Wang Shen, saying that Liu Yi, his younger brother, was a traitor. Liu Cong called in more than ten chiefs of Bian and Qiang to extort confessions and obtain evidence. Soon, Liu Yi and his officials were killed, and 15, soldiers were killed, leaving Pingyang streets empty. In the first year of Daxing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (318), Liu Cong died of illness for eight years, and Jin Zhun changed shortly after Liu Cong's death. Liu Cong was the second-generation monarch of the Huns, and Liu Cong himself had a high degree of sinicization. During his administration, he implemented a series of measures in politics and military affairs, and created a political system in which Hu and Han were divided. In essence, this system was developed and improved on the basis of basically following the old Xiongnu system, and it had great cohesion to the Xiongnu ministries at that time. This system was an unsuccessful precedent for ethnic minorities to rule the Central Plains because of the exclusion of Han scholars from participating in politics. In addition, Liu Cong's late confusion and violence led to the rapid decline of the Han regime.