How to easily and correctly identify the words on calligraphy and painting?

Imitation is the easiest way to obtain similar shapes. There are three methods: ① tick first and then fill in; (2) write from scratch; (3) Copy and modify. Ticketing is mostly used for copying books. In ancient times, transparent paper coated with yellow wax (called hard yellow) was used to cover the original trace, light ink was used as thin line, the outline was drawn by brushwork, and then it was removed and filled with thick and light dry ink, so it was also called double tick filling. The second is to cover the original with paper and copy the diameter with thick and light ink. This method is generally used for meticulous sketch painting. The third type is also used to copy books. First, the outline of the ink is thinned, and then copied in the outline with a pen (different from the ink filling without brushwork), and only slightly filled with impetuous pens. The above three methods. Because copying must be reflected in light (there was no transparent paper in ancient times), it can be called "Xiang Tuo". There were people who specialized in copying and developing calligraphy in Hong Wen Pavilion in the Tang Dynasty, such as Feng Chengsu, Zhu Gejin, Zhao Mo, Han Daozheng and Tompuche. In the Tang Taizong dynasty (Zhenguan), it was famous for thousands of years. Now we can see that the king copied by Wu Houchao (Long Live the Sky) has entered a king's book, Long Live the Sky, which is really "first-class". When copying, frame all the damaged parts on the original paper with thin lines (because its purpose is only to leave a copy), otherwise it is not easy for people to know that it is a copy! Some imitators don't know how to write cursive script. Central China sometimes makes mistakes in strokes, such as the word "Yong" in Wang Xizhi's funeral paste copied by the Tang people and the word "Yu" in Feng Orange paste, and it is easy to see that there are mistakes. Meticulous figures and early landscape sketch can also be copied and expanded. But if you don't do it well, sometimes you will confuse the lines of the characters' clothes. We can see that Gu Kaizhi's "A Map of Women's Tales" was copied by the Song Dynasty, and there is such a situation of materialism. Some of these things may be tossed and turned, and the imitator has never seen the original, so the expressions of the characters are often dull and expressionless. In calligraphy, the method of crossing lines is easy to appear unnatural when holding flowers (a particularly good exception), and there are also some examples of calligraphy, where the words are inconsistent with the lines, such as the so-called Wang Xizhi's book Zhong You's "Thousand Characters". The above three methods are mostly used to copy Jin Tie in Tang and Song Dynasties, and copy Jin and Tang Dynasties since Song Dynasty. The painting methods of the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty gradually became more and more complicated. For example, the landscape painting with both dyeing and painting could not be imitated at all, so the three methods were gradually abolished and mostly replaced by temporary writing. However, when writing, you also take transparent paper first, tick off the part with thick ink according to the outline of the image (mostly painting), take it off, then cover the paper silk with thick ink hook on the manuscript, and then look at the original writing. This practice can be said to be half-copied and half-temporary (basically temporary). 2/5 (2) Pro is a pure pro-pro, which is inevitably slightly different from the original shape. Its method is to look at the original while putting it on file. This method is mostly used in some cursive scripts and freehand brushwork. Because the hook draft is easy to restrain, cursive script and freehand brushwork will appear rigid when restrained, which can avoid this drawback. However, everything in China often has its advantages and disadvantages. Although it is more flexible than copying, it is easy to go out of shape.