The Forbidden City starts from Tiananmen Square and Duanmen, and goes all the way along the straight road. Not far away is the meridian gate, which is the main entrance of the Forbidden City. Wumen Gate is also called Wufenglou. The Forbidden City has gates in the east, south, west and north, meridian gate in the south, Donghuamen in the east, Xihuamen in the west and Shenwumen in the north. In the four corners of the Forbidden City, there is a strange-looking turret. The whole imperial city is a rectangular city, surrounded by a palace wall about 3 kilometers long and a moat 52 meters wide, forming a spectacular castle with strict barriers. There are many palaces in the Forbidden City, with strict layout and different shapes. There are about 890 palaces of various types, with 6.5438+0.87 million houses and a construction area of about 6.5438+0.5 million square meters.
After the noon gate, the center of the Forbidden City is Taihe Gate. There are three famous halls in the Forbidden City: Hall of Supreme Harmony, Hall of Zhonghe and Hall of Baohe. Three halls stand on a white marble pedestal more than two meters high. The base is divided into three layers, and the edge of each layer is surrounded by white marble railings. Dragon and phoenix are engraved on the railing, and many white jade faucets protrude from the four corners of the pedestal, which is the drainage place of the pedestal. Whenever it rains, water will flow out of the faucet, just like thousands of faucets are spraying water. Beautiful landscape is the perfect combination of ancient architectural science and art in China. All palaces can be divided into two buildings, the front is the "outer court" and the back is the "inner court". The outer court is mainly composed of three halls: Taihe, Zhonghe, Baohe, with Wenhua and Wu Ying on both sides, which is the main place for the emperor to preside over state affairs and summon ministers. The Forbidden City is dominated by Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, with six palaces in the east and west as its wings. It is the place where the emperor handles daily affairs and his queen and prince live and play.
The Hall of Supreme Harmony, the outer court, is located in the center of the Forbidden City and built on the central axis of the Forbidden City. The palace is 28 meters wide and 63 meters long, covering an area of about 2,370 square meters. It is the largest palace in the Forbidden City and the largest wooden hall in China. Under the blue sky, the glazed tile roof under the golden sunshine is particularly brilliant.
There is a 12 red column in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, a powder gold lacquer wooden column in the Hall, and a large gold lacquer caisson at the top of the Hall. In the center of the temple, there is a two-meter-high red lacquer wood platform with a throne carved with gold thread and lacquer, followed by a screen carved with dragons; The emperor sat on the throne, showing the majesty of the son of heaven and the luxury of the "golden palace". The golden lock window, red painted door and white marble terrace in the Hall of Supreme Harmony reflect each other, with gorgeous colors and impressive momentum. Behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the Hall of Zhonghe, a pavilion-like square hall with a gold-plated roof. There are two dragons carried by eight people on their shoulders in the temple, which is the place where the emperor took a break before holding the ceremony and accepted the worship of the ceremonial officials. Sometimes the emperor will read the memorial and congratulate here. Behind Zhonghe Hall is Baohe Hall, where the emperor gave a banquet and held imperial examinations. In the Qing Dynasty, it was also held here on New Year's Eve, when the emperor held a grand banquet for his ministers. The three halls of Taihe, Zhonghe and Baohe are widely distributed and stand tall, showing the majesty of imperial power.
In front of the Forbidden City is Gan Qing Palace, which is the emperor's bedroom and the place where daily affairs are handled. There is also a golden throne in the temple, where the emperor can hold court ceremonies, read the throne and introduce officials. Above the throne hangs a golden plaque of "justice and light". Beginning with Yongzheng, in the Qing Dynasty, in order to ease the struggle for the throne among governors, the imperial edict was written in advance and placed behind the "fair and bright" plaque, and then taken out and opened after the emperor died, and who was announced to give it to. Behind Gan Qing Palace is Jiaotai Palace, where the emperor celebrated his birthday and received gifts from ministers. In the 13th year of Qianlong (1748), there are also 25 precious seals representing feudal imperial power. After Jiaotai Palace is Kunning Palace, which is the queen's bedroom; In the Qing dynasty, it was changed into the emperor's wedding room or a place to worship the gods. Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace in the Forbidden City are the "last three palaces", and their layout is basically the same as that of the first three halls, except that the solemn atmosphere is reduced and the painted patterns on the buildings are also changed. The first three halls are dominated by dragons, and phoenix patterns are added in the last three halls, such as double phoenix morning sun, auspicious dragon and phoenix, phoenix peony and so on. The six palaces of the East and the West are the places where the emperor's concubines live, which is often referred to as the "three palaces and six courtyards". Now it has become an exhibition hall of ancient works of art, focusing on the precious paintings, ceramics, bronzes and handicrafts collected in the palace.
The Forbidden City is not only a magnificent ancient palace building, but also a treasure house of ancient cultural relics. Now the Forbidden City is the Palace Museum, with more than 900,000 pieces of various cultural relics in the courtyard, mainly including paintings, calligraphy, sculptures, bronzes, ceramics, embroidery, brocade and so on. There are more than 9 million original objects in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which are precious wealth and priceless treasure for studying the history of China. For example, there are a large number of famous ancient paintings in the gallery. Many works of court and folk painters from Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan to Ming and Qing Dynasties are rare treasures. Ceramics museum is colorful and beautiful, and many ceramic treasures of different generations have been unearthed, such as primitive porcelain of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, pottery of Han Dynasty, three-color pottery horse camel of Tang Dynasty, celadon white porcelain of Song Dynasty, colored porcelain of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, etc., which vividly reflects the development history of China ceramics. The Treasure Hall is really like a treasure house, with all kinds of precious stones, glittering gold and silver vessels, pearl jadeite, golden rockhopper and ivory jade carving, all kinds of treasures are unparalleled in the world; The most prominent thing is that there is a multi-tower jade carving with a respect of 5000 kilograms, which is rare in the world and of great value. Seeing such cultural relics can make people really understand the splendid culture of ancient China and the great creativity of our working people. The people of China are industrious and intelligent people, who have created many miracles for the world and made valuable contributions to mankind. They deserve to be proud, cherished and carried forward.